Crisis In Nepal Research Articles

De-agrarianisation and re-agrarianisation in patches: understanding microlevel land use change processes in Nepalese smallholder landscapes

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the ongoing reproduction crisis in Nepal. We utilize farmer context-specific actions of ‘hanging in’, ‘stepping out’ and ‘stepping up’ to unpack the pathways of de-activation, de-agrarianisation and re-agrarianisation in four spatially and socially differentiated landscapes. We detail a continuum of land use and labour use intensity, the microlevel variations and repertoires of actions in relation to landscape, shrinking farm sizes, labour shortages, forest expansion and increasing wildlife encroachment. The analysis focuses on specific landscape and social contexts and shows how smallholders are fine-tuning agricultural practices to meet subsistence needs. But account also must be taken of ecological variability and socially differentiated access to land to understand how households allocate labour between different land uses and between farm and off-farm activities. Household survival depends as much on the allocation of scarce labour resources as on that of scarce land. It suggests that household rather than just land has become a key unit of production.

Food Crisis in Nepal

The food crisis is a global and local issue since the expansion of COVID-19 and after that period. Most developing countries including Nepal has been facing food deficit before and after the pandemic because of the irregular supply-demand chain of food and increasing food dependency on foreign countries. According to WFP (2022), 345 million people in 85 countries have been facing food crises in the world in 2022 and most of them are from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. According to Pandey &Fusaro (2020), approximately 56% of women overall and 76% of Dalit women reported having food insecurity. Similarly, most of the districts of Karnali and some of the districts of Madhesh Pradesh and SudurPachhim Pradesh has been facing food deficit due to the low productivity and the bad policies of the government.

Coping With COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Civil Society Organization in Nepal

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic on 11 March2020. The escalation of COVID-19 around the world has been adversely affecting the globe.COVID-19 has impacted almost all sectors in Nepal as well. The Government of Nepal (GoN) has-been taking various actions to respond to the health crisis created by COVID-19. The Go announced a lockdown and invited civil society organizations (CSOs) to support the government to COVID-19 response. Since inception CSOs have been playing a role of watchdog during the crisis in Nepal. They have been working in the frontline in providing essential services, documenting human right violation incidents, or advocating for policy change among others. The GoN has urged CSOs to divert funds and provide support to COVID-19 response. As a result, various humanitarian supports have been provided by CSOs to the needy people. This study has tried to analyze the good practices and interventions by CSOs during COVID-19 pandemic. The study finds out that the CSOs have been contributing to the society during the COVID-19 crisis in two ways. The first one is the direct support towards affected people and the second one is strengthening the Government institutions and mechanism to respond effectively. CSOs are also supported to improve the community engagement, promoting equality and governance and humanitarian support.

Voices from the Field: Combating COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal

Given the ongoing COVID-19 (C-19) crisis in Nepal, this section includes some vignettes related to combatting the crisis in Nepal, and includes diverse experiences. When the editor-in-chief of this journal invited me to assist, I thought it would be useful to present the experiences of the actual professionals engaged in combating the pandemic in the field. This effort resulted in the collection of brief articles in the form of commentaries in this section.
 
 Voices from the Field: Combating COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal: Section Editor; Shyam Thapa
 Mobilizing Ambulance Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Kathmandu Valley: Kulesh B. Thapa
 A Medical Officer Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic in Far-western Nepal: Robin Jung Bhandari
 Upon being Discharged from the Hospital, I felt as if I was Released from a Prison: The Experience of a Coronavirus-infected Nurse: Ismita Sharma
 From the Desk of a Psychiatrist: Emerging Mental Health Issues during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Rishav Koirala
 Higher Workload Experienced by Women During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Shristi Kolakshyapati, Binita Pandey, Bindu Sharma, Elawati KC
 COVID-19 Kaleidoscope on the FM Radio: Samjhana Paudel
 Rising Levels of Suicide during the Pandemic: Bidhya Rai

Buddhism and philanthropism: An impact on covid, 19 crisis in Nepal

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between Buddhism and philanthropism.Whereas Buddhism refers to the act of giving (generosity), kindness to others, and friendship to all and so. While philanthropism refers to a person who has excess wealth and wishes to share it with those in need in society and around the worldlllustrating the cumulative effects of the epidemic crisis in Nepal (Covid, 19).

Water crises in a water-rich country: case studies from rural watersheds of Nepal's mid-hills

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to assess the water crisis in Nepal by conducting a series of case studies in rural watersheds in the mid-hills. This was achieved through the applied qualitative method, especially combinations of desk study/structured searches, consultation, and field observation. The ground survey revealed that most of the rural communities in the mid-hills have an unreliable water supply. According to the local stakeholders, 20–25% of water resources have dried up as compared to 20 years ago. Drying up of water resources disproportionately affects women and girls in rural areas as women are responsible for household chores, including fetching drinking water. The findings also revealed that low-income households bear a disproportionate coping burden as compared to elite groups, as they often engage in coping strategies such as collecting water from distant water sources, which is labor- and time-intensive, and also yields smaller quantities of water. Assuming that unreliable water supplies will continue to exist in rural areas of the mid-hills for the foreseeable future, there is a critical need to consider which, if any, coping strategies will be most effective in ensuring that poor households will have access to safe and sufficient water supply.

Urban Energy Scenario: the Case of Kathmandu Valley

Rapid urbanization has made Kathmandu Valley one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities in South Asia, resulting in the need of additional facilities and infrastructure. The local energy crisis is one of the issues to be addressed. High dependence on imported fossil fuels and the sluggish development of hydropower for electricity generation despite abundant water resources are the major causes to be blamed for the energy crisis in Nepal. This study investigated possible strategies to be implemented in Kathmandu Valley to deal with the discrepancy between energy demand and supply. Several scenarios have been developed and analyzed, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The Comprehensive Scenario, which borrowed from all other developed scenarios, seems superior to the others. It reduces the energy demand by 32.36%, the GHG emission by 44.12%, and the social cost by 33.79%. This scenario implies that the Kathmandu Valley authority will support the installation of photovoltaic solar panels, the use of electric vehicles and electric cookers, and convert solid waste into energy. However, the EV Scenario (electric vehicles) is the one to be given priority in the implementation for its better performance than the other individual scenarios.

Manmade earthquake: the hidden health effects of a blockade-induced fuel crisis in Nepal

### Summary box My friend's uncle in his 50s living in Hetauda, Nepal had severe left-sided chest pain while working one evening. His colleague took him on a motorbike—two-wheeler in...

Empathic Actors Strengthen Organisational Immunity to Industrial Crisis: Industrial Actors’ Perception in Nepal

This paper aims to understand the kind of activities that industrial actors develop in order to protect their enterprises during industrial crisis conditions. A series of political unrest, insurgency, economic turmoil, deadly earthquakes, and economic embargo at the Indo- Nepal boarder escalated the industrial crisis in Nepal. The quest for sustainability of enterprises during the enduring nature of the crisis stimulated for a more detail conversation and survey. A perceptual survey of industrial actors accompanying conversation therein indicates that trade union and association leaders develop positive attitude and advance specific activities for protecting their enterprises during industrial crisis conditions. The study finds that an empathic nature helps to develop a positive attitude among the industrial actors, which seems contributory for enterprises to survive during crisis conditions. The actors tend to positively perceive significance of specific activities under the conditions of difficulties and hardships and enhance immunity to the industrial crisis. This paper argues that the empathic nature of the industrial actors becomes more effective to safeguard the pluralistic interests of the stakeholders of the enterprise than the self- centric nature of the actors. The actors are not only engaged in safeguarding their claims on the industry but are also contributing—beyond their routine work—positively to strengthen the enterprise immunity during difficulties. This paper concludes with an insight of shifting managerial attention from the generic concepts like cost minimisation and product differentiation to the concepts of regularity in supply of goods and services in the business network by expanding the scope of industrial relations vertically and horizontally. The empathic nature of industrial actors enhances the effectiveness of the general system theory and social network theory by developing understanding of the role of industrial actors’ relations in sustaining and operationalizing a business network under organizational crisis conditions.

Road Transportation Energy Demand and Environmental Emission: A Case of Kathmandu Valley

The current trade embargo imposed by India has created an acute fuel crisis in Nepal which has stranded more than 50% of public vehicles affecting the supply of all the necessities and daily life of people. This study has shown some alternative ways to manage the vehicle fuel demand especially for urban transportation in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. The modeling tool, Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System (LEAPS) has been used to develop a bottom-up model to estimate the energy demand and environmental emissions in the Kathmandu valley for the period 2016-2030 AD. Besides the Reference scenario, four alternative scenarios (Public Bus Penetration, Improved Fuel Economy, Electric Motorbike and Hybrid Electric Car) have been developed. In the Reference scenario, the cumulative energy demand will reach 142,092 thousand GJ within the analysis period. About 65% of this demand comes from motorbikes and light duty vehicles. If all of the alternative scenarios are implemented together, about 38% of energy demand and 54% of CO2 emission can be avoided compared to the reference scenario within the study period. About 1641 million US$ at the current market price can be avoided within the analysis period if all of these four options are applied together.HYDRO Nepal: Journal of Water Energy and EnvironmentVolume 18, 2016, JanuaryPage 30-40

Politics and Governance in Nepal

This article discusses the role that politics and governance have played in the current state of affairs in Nepal, citing a lack of vision among political leadership and their inability to understand the consequences of socioeconomic exclusion as the roots of the current political crisis in Nepal. It outlines the resultant problems of the centralisation of power, corruption, a bias towards urban development and especially the historical exclusion of minority and underprivileged classes from participation in governance and mainstream politics. It is argued that there is a need to introduce bold reforms in economic policy, politics and the institutional setup to sustain growth and increase the collective voice and bargaining power for all disadvantaged groups.

The torturous road to democracy—domestic crisis in Nepal

Largely unnoticed by the outside world, an armed Maoist insurgence has wrested control of areas in 45 of Nepal's 75 administrative regions and has resulted in more than 1700 deaths since 1996.(1) State figures indicate that 1000 of these people were Maoist and about 400 were police-120 of whom died in attacks on police outposts in early April and July of 2001 alone. The remainder were "class enemies" of the "People's War"-ie, members of ruling parties. As public security collapses, the consequences for the Nepalese are random imprisonment, torture, and risk of extrajudiciary execution from both sides. Torture has increased greatly as a consequence of the insurgence, but was already deeply rooted in Nepalese authority and used as a primary approach to solving crime. More than 70% of Nepalese prisoners claim to have been tortured while in custody, and at least 50% claim they signed confessions as a result. INSEC (Informal Sector Service Centre), a human rights organisation, documented 1035 cases of state perpetrated torture in the year 2000,(2) which has been suggested to be a gross underestimate of the true figure. The long-term physical, social, and psychosocial consequences for survivors are often severe. The Centre for Victims of Torture, Nepal, a non-government organisation based in Kathmandu, has been studying the effect of torture on survivors, and has implemented Nepal's only treatment programmes for those brave enough to seek help.

Crisis in Nepal's Partyless Panchayat System: The Case for More Democracy

XTEPAL IS A SMALL HINDU KINGDOM, situated between two giant I neighbouring countries, India and China. It borders India on the west, south and east, and on the north is adjacent to the Tibetan region of China. This location has placed it in a landlocked position. It is also dwarfed the two neighbouring countries in respect of both physical size and population. Nepal has a total geographical area of 141,111 square kilometers, and had an estimated, multiethnic, population of 16.6 million on the first day of its new year (April 13) in 1985.1 After Nepal emerged as a nation state in 1769 (previously it was divided into sixty principalities)2 it had to confront two major problems. The first, and most immediate, was the preservation of its national independence, which twice tempted it to declare war-once on Tibet in 1790, and once on the British East India Company in 1814. The second major problem was internal political disorder, which took the form mainly of palace politics. Nepal's relations with its neighbouring countries were managed in accordance with its strategic interests during that period. But the internal political disorder caused confusion, massacres and intrigues among socio-politically powerful groups in the palace led to the most unfortunate event in Nepal's history in 1846, when power was transferred from the Shah family to the Rana family. The latter ruled Nepal autocratically on a hereditary prime ministership basis by eclipsing royal authority,3 and enjoyed a veritable monopoly of political power for a period of 105 years from 1846 to 1951. It ruled Nepal tyrannically, and also put it into a shell of isolation from the rest

The Political Economy of the Food Crisis in Nepal

Research Article| September 01 1985 The Political Economy of the Food Crisis in Nepal Narayan Khadka Narayan Khadka Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1956) 25 (9): 943–962. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644420 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Narayan Khadka; The Political Economy of the Food Crisis in Nepal. Far Eastern Survey 1 September 1956; 25 (9): 943–962. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2644420 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1985 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Water pollution — A major crisis in Nepal

The author, a native of Nepal, paints a depressing picture of the levels of water pollution currently suffered in that country. He itemizes a number of recommendations to improve the situation.

The Political Economy of the Food Crisis in Nepal

The National Panchayat of Nepal spent hardly any time discussing or debating national economic problems during the years 1961-79. The reasons are obvious. There was no direct election to the national assembly and hence no obligation to go to the people. The Cabinet members were all nominated by the king and were jointly accountable to him. The National Panchayat could neither elect its members to the government nor pass a motion of no confidence. Its sessions were held strictly in camera and the media were fully censored and controlled by the government. More important, the ideological and institutional base of the panchayat system was geared to denouncing the activities of the opposition forces, mainly of the Nepali Congress, which had been in power in the parliamentary days in the late fifties and had vowed to restore a fullfledged multiparty system of government in Nepal. The whole government machinery and resources of the panchayat system were used to check the activities of the opposition forces, hence development issues were given little political priority. The announcement of a national referendum on May 24, 1979, and the introduction of three democratic elements in the constitution made it difficult for the panchas (political workers) to ignore national economic problems. It also brought about internal conflict and functional contradictions within the partyless panchayat system. Political chicanery, sophistry, and group conflict between those in the government and those outside produced a serious dilemma regarding the functioning of the panchayat system, particularly in the post-referendum period. One of the very first issues to be hotly debated was the food crisis that had hit the country seriously in the early 1980s. This article examines the political and economic aspects of this food crisis, which was one of the major instruments

Energy Crisis in Nepal

Not Available.

Silent slopes: Environmental economics for the Nepalese hills

Environmental deterioration in the hill region is one of the main contributors to the increasing social and agricultural crisis in Nepal (Bailey, 1975; Eckholm, 1976; Blaikie et al., 1979). Four years of extension work and research in Nepal (Calkins, 1968-1975; Calkins and Sisler, 1979) have led this writer to conclude that six environmental problems face the human population of the Nepalese hills and that, without ignoring local social structures, the government of Nepal could employ a judicious combination of five economic policies to retard environmental degradation. The data presented here derive primarily from a study conducted under the auspices of the Social Science Research Council and Cornell University's Program in International Agriculture in Nuwakot District, Nepal in 1973-1975. The survey population included 300 respondents from three villages (Thansing, Ganeshthan, and Lower Kaule) below 1,230 meters (m) and 300 respondents from three villages (Kakani, Lachyang, and Upper Kaule) above 1230 m (Fig. 1).

Energy Crisis and Nepal’s Potentiality

Energy that is not popularly used and is usually environmentally sound like wind, solar, geothermal is simply regarded as renewable energy. The renewable energy made available through established sources and technology is considered as non-conventional one, if otherwise, conventional. Speaking strictly the forms of alternative energy or renewable energy are environmentally favorable and no negative impacts and economically viable. Alternative energy sources are necessary to explored in context to solve the present problem of energy crisis in Nepal. Being rich in natural resources Nepal posses' high potential of development of energy generation station. Key Words: Energy crisis, Hydropower, Alternate energy, Consumption DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2534 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp130-135