Crime In Society Research Articles

Handling Repeated Crimes (Residivist) of Motor Vehicle Theft (Case Study at Sukabumi District Police)

The development of the times affects life in society which is marked by increasing crime in society. There are criminals who repeat crimes after the perpetrator is released from his criminal sentence or are known to be recidivists. The research method used is qualitative research, using an empirical legal approach which examines law which is conceptualized as real behavior, as an unwritten social phenomenon, which is experienced by everyone in social life.Research Methods In this research, the author used several research methods to complete this thesis. The first method used is the normative juridical method. Normative juridical is a legal research method carried out by examining library materials or mere secondary materials. The results of research into factors causing recidivism of motorbike theft in the jurisdiction of the Pelabuhan Ratu Police, Sukabumi Regency, namely educational factors, opportunity factors, lack of skills factors, and law enforcement factors. The recidivist modus operandi of motorbike theft in the jurisdiction of the Pelabuhan Ratu Police, Sukabumi Regency is in the form of using a T-lock, pushing the motorbike and hiding it in another place. Efforts to deal with recidivist motorbike theft in the jurisdiction of the Pelabuhan Ratu Police, Sukabumi Regency in the form of repressive and preventive efforts.

PROSPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD OF NONVIOLENT COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL WORK IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR AND POST-WAR RECOVERY

The team of authors conducted systematic work on the analysis of the use of the method of nonviolent communication in various areas of social work in Ukraine and other countries of the world. During the research, the team of authors relied on a comprehensive approach, comparative analysis, and a focus group study was conducted, which revealed the need to transform the social service system in this area. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the prospects for the effective implementation of the nonviolent communication method in social work in Ukraine during the war and post-war reconstruction. We drew attention to the increase in various manifestations of violence in Ukraine during the war, which was reflected in the actualization of the issue of bullying in educational institutions, cases of violence in the family, and in the increase in violent crimes in society as a whole. In our opinion, the method of nonviolent communication is useful for a social worker in working with an aggressor and a victim, as it contains a powerful ethical and pedagogical component. As a result, we concluded that Ukraine needs a restructuring of the social service system, which contributed to solving the problems of the population in the country. The basis for the optimization of social services should be a review of standards in the field of education and pedagogy, a non-violent rethinking of the relationship «social worker - recipient of social services», as well as the restart of the judicial and social service. Based on the conducted research, we conclude that the implementation of the method of nonviolent communication in social work in Ukraine has many obstacles of a military-political, socio-state and organizational nature, but changes in the social sphere in Ukraine are needed now. In fact, this is the need for radical changes in social work with manifestations of violence, as well as the need for partnership work to restore a humanistic and non-violent space in Ukraine, starting with the family. Here the family acts as a basis for post-war social recovery.

Juridical Analysis of Identity Forgery in Obstructed Marriage Cases in Sukabumi City Based on the Criminal Code (KUHP)

Crime in society, including identity and document forgery, is regulated by Articles 263-276 of the Criminal Code. This research uses the juridical-normative method to assess the application of Articles 263, 266, and Article 97 of the Civil Administration Law in cases of identity and certificate forgery involving married individuals, focusing on police report LP/B/123/III/2023/POLRES SUKABUMI/POLDA WEST JAVA. Findings show that forgery laws are often not enforced when the parties are married, despite the potential for legal action. Additionally, village officials and KUA employees involved in such cases continue in their roles despite ethical breaches, raising concerns about future violations.

Truncating the Drive of Yahoo-Yahoo in Nigeria: The Relevance of Surah At-Takhathur

The paper looks at the increasing nature of cybercrime activities, particularly yahoo-yahoo in Nigeria. The paper adopted descriptive and evaluative methods of research to gather and analyze relevant data. The paper identifies some cases of this crime in society to validate its position. The findings show that the influence of peer groups, parental and societal support, unemployment, and many others account for the growing nature of crime in society. While the paper posits that the criminal gain from Yahoo activities is temporal, it draws attention to the concept of life after death and accountability as enumerated in Qur’an chapter 102 as a deterrence to the people’s inordinate quest for wealth at all costs. The paper recommends a more robust orientation of people by both religious leaders and appropriate government agencies on the need to have the human mind and no devilish nature. The government and the well-to-do people in society are also encouraged to join hands to address the problem of unemployment.

Willful defaulting of bank loans in a developing country: a Bourdieusian analysis

Purpose Borrowers’ intentional non-payment of bank loans despite being able to pay is a financial crime. This paper explores how willful loan defaulting became a societal practice in Bangladesh, where non-performing loans (NPLs) are assumed to surpass BDT 4 trillion mainly due to habitual defaults of large borrowers. Design/methodology/approach This study reviewed publicly available documents and interviewed bank managers, loan takers, regulators and industry experts. It drew on Pierre Bourdieu’s practice theory, specifically the concepts- habitus, capital and field, to explain the permeation of “intentional defaulting culture” in the banking industry. Findings Willful defaulting in Bangladesh is an outcome of a harmonious blend of defaulters’ mindsets and possession of capital supported by the structure and rules of the field. The socio-political context facilitates, rather than impedes, the “unwillingness to pay” motive of the habitual defaulters due to their possession of different forms of capital. Research limitations/implications Understanding of how the crime of willful defaulting emerges and persists in society may have policy and practice implications in economies suffering NPL problems. Originality/value This study explicates how individual intents and institutional structures jointly amplify financial crimes in society.

TO IDENTIFY THE REASONS AND CONDITIONS FOR THE COMMISSION OF THE OFFENSE AND TO IMPROVE THE ACTIVITY OF ELIMINATION

this article is devoted to one of the current problems - crime prevention. It analyzes the scientific, theoretical and practical aspects of the concepts of "crime prevention" and "crime prevention" and defines the specific aspects of these concepts. Also, the subject, object, forms, methods, means of prevention of violations are considered as components of this activity. In addition, the article describes the judicial reforms implemented in the field of crime prevention in the Republic of Uzbekistan and a number of factors causing the occurrence of crimes in society.

Extremism as a form of legal nihilism

One of the global problems of the modern world is considered - the problem of extremism, which is the theory and practice of achieving socio­political, religious, national goals with the help of extreme, prohibited methods. From a political point of view, extremism is an ideology of protest against established social structures and institutions of power, which is designed for a wide public resonance and is accompanied by calls to undermine stability and violence. At the same time, extremism is a form of nihilism that denies universally recognized values and ideals, including law, demonstrates a tendency to extreme ideas and actions, fanaticism. Three components of legal nihilism are considered: worldview, psychological and behavioral. The strategy for implementing the provisions of the ideology of extremism is terrorism - an activity aimed at undermining social security, intimidation, and destabilization. The forms of manifestation of this phenomenon are political, economic, national, ecological and religious extremism. The causes of legal nihilism and extremism are identified, among which the most important are socio-political factors, namely: the weakening of state power and the passivity of its power structures; high corruption of officials; criminalization of society; assistance to extremists by representatives of foreign public organizations. The opinion that anomie is a stimulus to the deformation of legal consciousness and the formation of legal nihilism is substantiated. Forms and ways of spreading extremism are studied, including through the Internet. The personality of the extremist is characterized. It is argued that the danger of extremism lies not so much in the essence of views and the form of their expression, but in the goal that extremists seek to achieve, in the methods of achieving it, including aggression, violence, radical, often illegal actions. Public awareness of the danger of extremism, improvement of its legal culture, economic situation and efficiency of state power, together with the effectiveness of the legal system, will prevent the deformation of legal consciousness and the existence of this global problem.

Systematic Literature Review: Criminal Law Reform in Indonesia

Technological developments have triggered the phenomenon of change in society. The law as a tool for enforcing justice also adapts along with the development of crime in society. Currently, Indonesia is entering a polemic between the old criminal law and the new criminal law, because the old criminal law is considered irrelevant and not in accordance with the rules of the Indonesian nation. This is reflected, coupled with the Republican government wanting legal instruments and systems that are completely independent from the previous system created by the Dutch. The purpose of this article is to examine criminal law reform in Indonesia, so that this can answer existing problem phenomena. The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a qualitative approach.

Impaired striatal glutamate/GABA regulation in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy

Men with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with or without psychopathy (+/−P) are responsible for most violent crime in society. Development of effective treatments is hindered by poor understanding of the neurochemical underpinnings of the condition. Men with ASPD with and without psychopathy demonstrate impulsive decision-making, associated with striatal abnormalities in functional neuroimaging studies. However, to date, no study has directly examined the potential neurochemical underpinnings of such abnormalities. We therefore investigated striatal glutamate: GABA ratio using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in 30 violent offenders (16 ASPD-P, 14 ASPD + P) and 21 healthy non-offenders. Men with ASPD +/− P had a significant reduction in striatal glutamate : GABA ratio compared to non-offenders. We report, for the first time, striatal Glutamate/GABA dysregulation in ASPD +/− P, and discuss how this may be related to core behavioral abnormalities in the disorders.

КОГНИТИВНЫЕ ИСКАЖЕНИЯ В ВОСПРИЯТИИ УГРОЗ ТЕРРОРИСТИЧЕСКОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ

An approach to reporting terrorist crimes can be improved with the content and nature of cognitive errors at hand. Understanding cognitive biases in the perception of reality will also help monitor the statistics of these crimes. The need to dwell on the impartiality and consistency of information about crimes committed has been identified through the analysis of society’s perception of terrorist threats. The idea to evaluate the psychology of cognition in relation to terrorist threats appeared due to violations of objective reality, provoked by the peculiarities of broadcasting data on crimes committed, the constructive properties of normative prohibitions, and the assessment of open statistical data. The purpose of the study is the need to provide undistorted, unbiased data on terrorist crimes in society.

PENGARUH HUKUMAN HUDUD DALAM MEMBENTUK KESADARAN HUKUM DAN PENCEGAHAN KEJAHATAN DI MASYARAKAT

<p>Hudud punishment is a legal system based on religion and is applied in several countries that adhere to Islam. This punishment is included in the category of very harsh punishments, such as stoning, flogging, and amputation. In this context, this abstract aims to investigate the influence of Hudud Punishment on the formation of legal awareness and crime prevention in society. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method which involves secondary data analysis in the form of literature, research reports, and case studies that are relevant to the themes discussed. The findings of this study demonstrate the complex and multi-dimensional influence of Hudud Punishment on legal awareness and crime prevention in society. In this context, legal awareness and effective crime prevention do not only depend on a strict legal system, but also require a holistic and comprehensive approach. In the context of Hudud Punishment, the need for a broader approach can include efforts to increase legal education, promote ethical and moral values, and empower communities in facing legal challenges. Overall, this research highlights the importance of considering broader factors in shaping legal awareness and crime prevention in society. Strict legal systems such as the Hudud Penalty can play an important role in providing a deterrent effect and reducing crime, but they also pose complexities and challenges that need to be overcome. In facing this challenge, an approach based on a deep understanding of law and human values is the key to achieving better legal awareness and preventing crime in society.</p>

Латинская Америка: колебания политического маятника Ивановский З.В., ред. Латинская Америка: политический ландшафт на фоне турбулентности. М.: ИЛА РАН, 2022

The left and right, democratic, hybrid, and authoritarian systems, consolidated and unconsolidated democracies, rising giant-states and underdeveloped economies coexist in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean, which covers more than three dozen states that share common historical destiny, language, and religion. This makes the region a fertile ground for studying various types of regimes, political processes and alternative development paths in the modern world, as vividly demonstrated by the collective monograph “Latin America: Political Landscape in the Midst of Turbulence”, published at the end of 2022. Based on a thorough analysis of the situation in the region, the authors of the monograph show that political life in Latin America is characterized by instability and constant reshaping of the political landscape. The strengthening of the positions of right-wing forces replaced the left turn of the 2000s, and since the beginning of the 2020s, the continent has again drifted to the left. The authors pay special attention to the following factors of turbulence in the development of the region: a natural-resource-based economy in most Latin American countries, poor quality of governance, a decline in trust in political institutions caused by regular corruption scandals, the criminalization of society, the increase in drug trafficking and violence, and the inability of law enforcement agencies to ensure citizens’ safety. Several chapters of the monograph are devoted to the varieties of regimes of the “21st century socialism” that exist in Venezuela, Nicaragua and Bolivia, as well as to the oldest socialist regime on the continent in Cuba. According to the reviewer’s conclusion, with the publication of this monograph the readers received valuable work that allows them to better comprehend the essence of the complex political processes that take place in Latin America today.

The victimization of community members in the realm of traditional leaders at OR Tambo District Municipality, South Africa

Within the largely rural OR Tambo District Municipality (ORTDM), a significant number of community members continue to experience victimization annually. Crime continues to be a persistent issue for both individuals and society at large, with no resolution or justice achieved in its wake. The prevalence of crime in society significantly impacts individuals' behavior, residential choices, and decisions regarding their social activities, including the selection of locations and timing. Typically, individuals tend to experience an increase in fear of becoming a victim of crime, rather than a decrease. This article is characterized by its qualitative approach and use non-probability sampling methodologies. The study aimed to investigate the involvement of traditional leaders in safeguarding women, children, and the elderly from being victimized within the ORTDM community, encompassing the local municipalities of KSD, Ingquza Hill, Mhlontlo, Nyandeni, and Port St. Johns. The primary objective of this discussion paper was to ascertain the specific categories of criminal activities occurring within the territories governed by traditional leaders. This study further demonstrates the significance of examining rural crime and uncovers obstacles that hinder crime prevention in the ORDM. Fifty-eight traditional leaders were interviewed as crucial informants and custodians of the customs of different groups. Traditional leaders, research participants, and community members shared accounts of rape and murder during Imbizos. These incidents involved school-going youngsters and older individuals, including those as old as 95 years. A number of individuals in the neighborhood had paralysis, while others were deprived of their retirement benefits. Traditional leaders argue that, despite this circumstance, the criminal justice system does not give priority to the rights of the victims. The findings together indicate that traditional leaders are involved in the creation, implementation, and monitoring of crime prevention strategies. Nevertheless, the absence of financial support from the government hinders the implementation of crime prevention activities within its jurisdiction. The analysis confirms that crime prevention is an enduring objective. Investing in traditional leaders has the potential to enhance the overall societal well-being.

КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПЕНІТЕНЦІАРНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УКРАЇНІ

This article deals with problems of development assistance of penitentiary system which directly correlates with necessity in establishment into national criminal and executive practice of international and European standards of administration of justice in in particular in the part of establishment of optimal balance between grave criminal offences and punishment especially if we speak about imprisonment. Authors focus attention that into today`s mechanism of security of convict rights and freedoms was successfully integrated the number of prospective European novelties, among which the public. Involvement of the public in Ukrainian criminological science was found as an actual method of carring out facultative influence on criminal activities in the state, including by popularization of the principle of zero tolerance for breaks of law in general and in criminal law. It is noted that we need to pay attention to victimological orientation in criminology and in the case of committing socially dangerous acts determined by an informal society and internal specific culture and customs of convicts. It is indicated that correlation of criminological and victimological influence on criminal society in penitentiary institution will give an opportunity to reduce amount of criminal offences and to prevent other variants of convicts` deviant behavior related to alcohol and gambling addictions, suicide etc. It is summarized that we need to reform criminal and criminal executive law and to shift to new and more progressive means and messieurs of fight with penitentiary recidivism among convicts and personal`s criminalization in penitentiary institutions. Authors proposed criminological messieurs for providing penitentiary security. Key words: penitentiary security, criminological providing, criminal offences, punishment, imprisonment, convicts, penitentiary institutions.

Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Sebagaimana Diatur dan Diancam Pidana Dalam Pasal 351 ayat 1 KUHP (Studi Putusan PN Medan Nomor 1621/Pid.B/2023/PN Mdn

One of the most common crimes in society is child abuse. Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Penal Code (KUHP) regulates and threatens criminal offenses in Indonesian criminal law. Medan District Court Decision No. 1621/Pid.B/2023/PN Mdn, regarding criminal abuses, will be discussed in this article. This study analyzes events and court decisions. Research methods include analysis of court decisions and legal analysis of criminal behavior. Research results show that, according to the provisions of the Penal Code, abuse crimes can be classified into many types, including general abuse, mild abuse, intentional abuse and severe abuse. Important. Preventive and repressive measures are necessary to combat criminal acts. Criminal law is used to solve problems in society, while non-criminal methods focus on prevention. To bring justice to victims and all parties involved, law enforcement must understand the behavioral factors associated with criminal abuse. 

The Unlocking Emphaty Through Restorative Justice: A Mediation to Healing Theft

Theft, a prevalent property crime in society, serves as the focal point of this research. The study aims to investigate and evaluate the efforts, challenges, and potential solutions in addressing common theft crimes by employing a restorative justice approach. The author employs a sociological-legal approach as the research methodology. The findings of this research indicate that the resolution of theft-related criminal offenses through a restorative justice framework is feasible when both the offender and victim willingly participate in the process with the objective of achieving reconciliation and preventing recurrence of criminal behavior (recidivism). To address this, it is suggested that the responsibility for mediating the process should be entrusted to the offender and the victim, with a focus on safeguarding the rights and well-being of both parties. In addition, community involvement is emphasized, along with stringent oversight to ensure the effective implementation of the resolution process.

경찰조직의 지원이 공공정책에 미치는 영향

People have a fear of crime because of constant crime in society. To promote the safety of these people, the police are presenting various security policies. The duty of the police is to protect the life, body and property of the people along with maintaining social order in the country.
 The security policy pursued by the police is influenced by various factors such as the external environment, the internal environment, and laws and systems. In previous studies on police security policy, the research on the internal environment and support of police organizations is somewhat limited, so this study aims to verify the relationship between police organization support and security policy. Since police organizations value police learning organizations in order to prepare for the rapidly changing public security environment, this study aims to identify the relationship between police organizations' support, public order policies, and learning organizations. To carry out the purpose of the study, a survey was conducted on police officers.
 As a result of the study, it was investigated that the recognition of support for police organizations and access to resources were statistically significant in public order policy. In addition, as a result of verifying the moderating effect of the support of the police organization and the police learning organization, it was confirmed that this also affects the public order policy. Therefore, in this study, the support of the police organization and the learning organization of the police were found to be important factors in public order policy. Based on the results of this study, the police organization intends to make policy suggestions on public security policies for the people.

Ta’zir Punishment and Delegated Authority in Accordance with Islamic Jurisprudence and Afghanistan’s Enacted Laws

Ta’zir punishment is the punishment of acts that do not have certain legal penalties, whether it is violating the rights of Allah (SWT), the rights of others, or the public interest. The legal basis of Ta’zir punishment is from the Holy Qur’an, the Prophetic Hadiths, the consensus of the Muslim community, and personal reasoning. In Islamic Sharia, there are many types of Ta’zir punishments, which range from advice up to execution, in consideration of the public order and interests of the community. In Ta’zir punishments, the determination of a sentence for the offender is subject to the authority and ability of the judge, and is specified in consideration of the interests and support of the community, along with the circumstances of the offense, the corrective effect of the sentence, and the character and criminal record of the offender. Many philosophies to legitimize disciplinary punishments, such as protecting humanity’s life and interests, reducing the magnitude of crime in society, and the correction and punishment of offenders are also incorporated. Ta’zir punishment has some unique characteristics, which include the indefiniteness of penalties, whereby the lawmaker’s authority and ability to punish is delegated to judges. Not only may the judge forgive the offender, but the personality and criminal record of the offender are also considered in determining the punishment. Because many people in Afghan society do not understand the concept of Ta’zir punishment, how they are applied, and how they are specified, so this Article is designed to help resolve these issues.

Representasi Perilaku Nekat Generasi Z Dalam Film Mencuri Raden Saleh:

Generation Z has many desires and goals that they want to achieve. However, to achieve these goals, Generation Z tends to choose instant methods and does not think long about the risks that will occur. Such reckless behavior from Generation Z has become a picture of reality in today's society. Reckless behavior is shown through the actions taken by generation Z in achieving their goals, which often lead to criminal acts. This research aims to find out how the representation of generation Z's reckless behavior in the film Stealing Raden Saleh. Mencuri Raden Saleh depicts the reality of generation Z's reckless behavior that has resulted in criminality in society. By using John Fiske's semiotic analysis method which divides into three levels of coding (Level of Reality, Level of Representation, and Level of Ideology), it was found that Stealing Raden Saleh represents the reckless behavior of generation Z through criminal acts committed by the six main characters such as forgery, hacking, fighting, and theft. Researchers also found that the reckless behavior of generation Z in the film was also influenced by family background factors and socio-economic conditions.

How much violence does football hooliganism cause?

This paper quantifies how much of violent crime in society can be attributed to football-related violence. Exploiting rich crime register data, we study the universe of professional football matches played out in Germany’s top three football leagues over the period 2011–2015. Our main result shows that violent crime increases by 17 percent on a match day, with associated social costs of roughly 58 million euros annually. Exploring possible mechanisms, we find that the match day effect can be attributed to violence among males in the 18–39 age group, rises to 63 percent on days with high-rivalry derby matches, and that a non-negligible share of it stems from violent crimes committed by group offenders and assaults on police officers. Most of the facts we document can be accommodated by social identity explanations of football hooliganism, while frustration-aggression theories of sports-related violence can explain only some of the findings in isolation.