Crime Prevention Research Articles

Addressing Equity and Justice in Age-Friendly Communities: Considerations for LGBTQ+ Older Adults of Color.

This research critically examined the concept of age-friendliness from the perspectives of older Black lesbian women living in New York City (NYC). The primary aim was to extend existing age-friendly frameworks to more inclusively meet the needs of older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adults of color, promoting greater equity and justice. Applying principles from critical participatory action research, we collected and analyzed data from five focus groups consisting of five older Black lesbian women. Participants shared their daily experiences living in NYC and proposed ideas to enhance the age-friendliness of the city to better accommodate their unique needs and experiences. Participants called for greater attention to the interaction between identities and structures in relation to age-friendly communities. Historic and contemporary experiences of violence and discrimination, as well as the ever-shifting political context was identified as a key factor shaping their aging experiences. The need for affirming spaces with positive representation of their layered identities was emphasized in the context of age-friendly interventions. While dominant age-friendly frameworks are universally accepted for improving the health and well-being of older adults, the specific challenges of aging with multiple intersecting marginalized identities necessitate a critical perspective. Gerontology needs to take seriously how privilege and oppression operate within society, shaping health and aging trajectories of vulnerable and underserved populations.

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Crime Detection and Prevention

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Crime Detection and Prevention

Are We Underestimating the Crime Prevention Outcomes of Community Policing? The Importance of Crime Reporting Sensitivity Bias

Are We Underestimating the Crime Prevention Outcomes of Community Policing? The Importance of Crime Reporting Sensitivity Bias

CRIME PREVENTION AND WORK MONITORING IN CROWD USING CCTV NETWORK

In an era where surveillance technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated, leveraging Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) networks for crime prevention and crowd monitoring has gained significant attention. This research aims to explore the potential of CCTV systems in deterring criminal activities and ensuring public safety in crowded environments. By integrating advanced video analytics and machine learning algorithms, the CCTV network can detect suspicious behavior patterns, identify potential threats, and alert law enforcement in real-time. Moreover, by employing work monitoring features, such as crowd density analysis and traffic flow optimization, the system can enhance operational efficiency and mitigate safety risks in various public spaces, including transportation hubs, shopping malls, and urban centers. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to the development of proactive security measures and intelligent surveillance solutions for safer communities. Keywords— Artificial Intelligence, CCTV Network, Crime Prevention, Crowd Monitoring, Surveillance.

Parolee concentration, parolee embeddedness, and the reciprocal relationship with crime rates: A longitudinal study of neighbourhoods and re-entry

Drawing on recent scholarship on mass incarceration and prisoner re-entry, this study examines the reciprocal relationship between returning parolees and neighbourhood crime rates in five large cities in Texas. Besides the more common approach of counting the number of people on parole in communities (parolee concentration), we propose a novel approach for measuring people on parole by capturing their exposure in the community as parolee embeddedness (i.e., the cumulative number of days that people on parole resided in the neighbourhood). Results show that parolee concentration has a significant positive effect on both violent and property crime, but parolee embeddedness is significantly associated with reductions in violent and property crime. Our findings detect different effects depending on the measurement of people on parole and their community context, illustrating the need to better understand the dynamics of parolee re-entry in the era of mass incarceration.

HDM-GNN: A Heterogeneous Dynamic Multi-view Graph Neural Network for Crime Prediction

HDM-GNN: A Heterogeneous Dynamic Multi-view Graph Neural Network for Crime Prediction

The prosecutor's office, pretrial detention and the principle of objectivity: legal challenges, criteria and measures

The general objective of this study is to critically review how the excessive demand, by the prosecutor's office as head of public criminal action, in Ecuador, with respect to the application of the precautionary measure of preventive detention, on the occasion of hearings for the formulation of charges and/or classification of flagrancy, ignores and violates the principle of objectivity, pointing out the excessive use of this measure as a research problem. For this purpose, a qualitative approach methodology is used, under exegetical, analytical and inductive methods, using as a data collection technique the interview with three Ecuadorian prosecutors. As a result, it was found that, in effect, the request for this precautionary measure ignores and violates the principle of objectivity, given that the prosecutors take into account elements such as the prevention of new crimes and the protection of victims to base it, moving away from the criteria stipulated by national regulations, which violates this and other procedural principles and, consequently, violates the accused's right to due process. Keywords:

Juvenile Justice-Based Interdisciplinary Collective Care: An Innovative Approach.

Mental health concerns among juvenile-justice-involved youth (JJIY) continue to be a major health crisis in the United States (US). While scholarship has explored mental health concerns among JJIY, and the link to negative life outcomes, there are gaps in the existing research, particularly in effective interventions and models aimed at addressing both the mental health concerns and criminogenic risk contributing to recidivism and other negative life outcomes of this population. In this paper, we present Justice-Based Interdisciplinary Collective Care (JBICC), an innovative framework to address both the mental health needs and delinquent behavior of youth offenders. The model bridges community partners, with the purpose of informing future interventions, implementations, and research in this area. Increased justice-based interdisciplinary collective collaboration between the juvenile justice system and community programs/organizations would be a major benefit to youth offenders and their families. We also focus on the need for cultural responsiveness to be interwoven throughout all aspects of treatment. JBICC offers an opportunity to expanded services outside traditional settings and methods to ensure that youth offenders and their families receive validating and culturally responsive access to services.

Introduction to the special issue: Implementing environmental criminology for crime prevention

AbstractThis introduction aims to showcase the articles of the special issue and highlights the expansive field of environmental criminology, underscoring its role in understanding and preventing crime through situational and environmental strategies. This collection of articles covers a wide array of research from the USA, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, and Uruguay, demonstrating the global application of environmental criminology principles. Contributions from various disciplines illustrate the field’s multidisciplinary approach to tackling crime, particularly in the face of challenges posed by climate change and the need for social and economic sustainability.

Viešųjų bausmių taikymas vagims Vilniaus pilies teisme (XVIII amžiaus antrojoje pusėje)

The aim of this article is to discuss the practice of administering public punishments to thieves in the court of Vilnius Castle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s (GDL) central voivodeship in the second half of the 18th century. The aim is to find out to what extent this practice complied with the laws that were in force in the state at that time and to what extent it reflected the humanisation postulates of criminal law that were spreading in the 18th century. The study is based on the court files of the Vilnius Castle Court stored in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives. The Third Statute of Lithuania, approved in 1588, and its provisions regarding the crime of theft still remained in force in the second half of the 18th century. This legal code provided for death, mutilation and flogging for those convicted of theft. In the second half of the 18th century, 36 thieves (all men, one of whom, Kazimieras Jančiauskas, was punished twice) were sentenced to public punishment by the Vilnius Castle Court. The most frequent punishment (49%) was flogging (18 cases), in some cases with the additional punishments of banishment from the city (8 cases) and branding (2 cases). Ten thieves (27%) were sentenced to death, which, as is common in such cases, had to be carried out on the gallows. Nine thieves (24%) were sentenced to fixed-terms (3 to 10 years) or indeterminate (life) prison sentences, to be carried out outside the GDL in Kamjaneć-Podilśkyj. Thus, in cases of theft, the Vilnius Castle Court applied rather severe punishments, basically referring to the relevant norms of the Third Statute of Lithuania, and also, apparently, partly following the tradition of dealing with such cases (in cases where the punishment of flogging was imposed instead of the death penalty). An exception was the use of imprisonment, which was not provided for in the laws of the GDL, but in this case it was only episodic as it was applied in a single sentence in 1782 and originated from the regulation issued by the Permanent Council.Instead of corporal punishments (mostly the death sentence), the philosophers of the Englightenment era proposed the use of imprisonment which would allow to realise the newly defined concept of the repressional punishment – the resocialization of the offender, as well as to implement the principles of proportionality of punishment to the crime committed and the utility of punishment (by using the convicted person for labour). These principles were largely absent from the Vilnius Castle Court’s sentences in the theft cases (except in one case). It is indeed the case that the Court sometimes did make reference to the defendants’ possibility to reform themselves; however, it did not arise from the ideas of Enlightement. The main objectives of punishment still remained the restoration of justice and prevention of crime. As many as 23 out of the 36 convicts (64 per cent) were to be eliminated from society to varying degrees (10 were to lose their lives, 8 were to be banished, 5 were to be sentenced to life imprisonment); therefore it is not possible to talk about resocialisation in this case. The principle of proportionality of punishment was also apparently not implemented when in similar cases the convicted received a different number of lashes. All this can probably be explained by society’s attachment to its own law (in particular to the Third Lithuanian Statute) and to a judicial practice which got established throughout centuries.

CCTV Network based Crowd Management, Crime Prevention System using AI/ML

In today's world the rise in security concerns and criminal activity has prompted the widespread adoption of closed-circuit television (CCTV) as a vital component in security measures. This monitoring system is now utilized in various sectors to aid in the prevention and detection of potential threats. However due to the exponential cost of employing personnel video surveillance systems are largely employed in a passive manner. The majority of information gathered by these systems is only put to use as evidence after an incident of crime or disaster has transpired. In light of this we are implementing a more proactive approach. Our video surveillance system will actively respond using real-time monitoring and an alert system to prevent and mitigate the impact of crime and accidents before they occur

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY THE POLICE OFFICERS IN CRIME PREVENTION IN TABUK CITY, KALINGA

This study generally determined the challenges encountered by police officers in crime prevention in Tabuk City, Kalinga. The study specifically aimed to determine the specific challenges faced by police officers in effectively preventing crime regarding personal, family, and community relations and resources. Additionally, it sought to investigate the coping mechanisms of police officers to manage the challenges associated with their role in crime prevention. The study used a qualitative-narrative research design, and an interview guide was used to collect the data. The researcher used purposive sampling to select seven participants based on the specific characteristics or criteria relevant to the research questions. Through the use of inductive thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative data, the result revealed that police officers had encountered challenges during the implementation of crime prevention. It includes the impact of duty and personal relationships, threats and attacks, and cultural sensitivity and diversity regarding personal obstacles. Lack of time, high risk and stress, role modeling, and guidance regarding family challenges. Maximum tolerance, community engagement, concealment of criminals, and wrong perception regarding community challenges. Resource challenges require more funds and adequate equipment and vehicles. However, through proactive coping mechanisms, police officers attempted to overcome these obstacles. It concluded that the difficulties encountered by police officers in effectively preventing crime were complex and multifaceted, and they required a holistic approach that prioritized officers' well-being and could better fulfill their mission of promoting public safety. KEYWORDS: Problem encountered, coping mechanism, personal and family challenges, community and resources challenges, police officers

Gravitating towards Artificial Intelligence on Anti-Money Laundering A PRISMA Based Systematic Review

In Bangladesh, like many other countries, the implementation of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) measures plays a crucial role in the fight against financial offences and the maintenance of the financial system's integrity. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the technologies for AML that has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the detection and prevention of financial crimes. The researcher aims to investigate the current state of AML, the impact of AI, the roles involved, and the legislation to achieve economic stability for the transformation of Bangladesh into a smart nation by 2041. In this systematic review study, the PRISMA framework is utilized to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing literature on the application of AI in AML, with a focus on risks, laws, and implications, particularly within the context of Bangladesh. The review synthesizes findings from diverse sources (Web of Sciences, Scopus, PubMed, and DOAJ indexing articles and reports) including academic research, industry reports, and regulatory documents, to assess the effectiveness, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with AI-driven AML solutions. Through a structured search strategy and rigorous selection criteria, the researchers discovered a total of 299 research papers, consisting of 181 latest studies and 117 previous relevant studies identified and analyzed to elucidate key trends, methodologies, and gaps in the current landscape of AI-enabled AML practices. The review also offers insights and recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in leveraging AI technologies to combat money laundering effectively while navigating regulatory frameworks and safeguarding privacy rights. By critically examining the intersection of AI, AML, and legal frameworks, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of technology in addressing financial crime challenges in Bangladesh and beyond.

Legitimacy of Community Justice. A Look From the Aymara Communities of Peru

Objective: The objective is to identify the designation of communal authorities in the form of election, its organizational structure, its attributions, roles, functions and legitimacy in the community. Finally, to explain the prevailing norms, forms of conflict resolution within the framework of the administration of communal justice, considering as a source the cultural patterns as a mechanism of access to justice. Results: The study is carried out in the district of Chucuito, Puno, Peru, where the ancestral social political organization persists and the administration of justice is based on its cultural practice, especially rooted in the ancestral historical legacy. In the article, an analysis is made regarding the scope and limitations of the administration of community justice. Method: The method used is ethnographic-qualitative. In the procedural aspect, it was carried out through the analysis of the Communal Minutes Book, where the cases dealt with in the communal assemblies are recorded. Observation guides and in-depth interviews were used as research instruments. The field work was carried out following a program of visits coordinated with the communal authorities for a period of one year. Conclusions: The ancestral practices of justice administration are in force in the Aymara communities practiced by the families of the community and authorities, mainly Lieutenant Governors, based on custom, ancestral traditions and the legitimacy attributed to them by the community population, and they seek to lay the foundations for the understanding and incorporation to the official state justice spheres.

Does Perceived Procedural Justice in Policing Predict Future Offending? Findings From a Sample of Justice-Involved Individuals

Recent scholarship suggests attitudes toward the police and law are important facets of crime control efforts. Procedurally just policing is recognized as a predictor of citizens’ cooperation and confidence in the police, but it remains unclear whether it can also reduce criminal behavior. Using a sample of justice-involved individuals, this study examined whether procedurally just policing predicts future offending and, if so, whether its effect is due to perceived legitimacy of the law. Results showed that procedurally just policing was negatively associated with recidivism, and legitimacy of the law mediated this link. The results suggest that enhancing procedural justice in policing practice in at-risk communities should be considered a critical component of crime prevention.

Day-to-Night Street View Image Generation for 24-Hour Urban Scene Auditing Using Generative AI

A smarter city should be a safer city. Nighttime safety in metropolitan areas has long been a global concern, particularly for large cities with diverse demographics and intricate urban forms, whose citizens are often threatened by higher street-level crime rates. However, due to the lack of night-time urban appearance data, prior studies based on street view imagery (SVI) rarely addressed the perceived night-time safety issue, which can generate important implications for crime prevention. This study hypothesizes that night-time SVI can be effectively generated from widely existing daytime SVIs using generative AI (GenAI). To test the hypothesis, this study first collects pairwise day-and-night SVIs across four cities diverged in urban landscapes to construct a comprehensive day-and-night SVI dataset. It then trains and validates a day-to-night (D2N) model with fine-tuned brightness adjustment, effectively transforming daytime SVIs to nighttime ones for distinct urban forms tailored for urban scene perception studies. Our findings indicate that: (1) the performance of D2N transformation varies significantly by urban-scape variations related to urban density; (2) the proportion of building and sky views are important determinants of transformation accuracy; (3) within prevailed models, CycleGAN maintains the consistency of D2N scene conversion, but requires abundant data. Pix2Pix achieves considerable accuracy when pairwise day–and–night-night SVIs are available and are sensitive to data quality. StableDiffusion yields high-quality images with expensive training costs. Therefore, CycleGAN is most effective in balancing the accuracy, data requirement, and cost. This study contributes to urban scene studies by constructing a first-of-its-kind D2N dataset consisting of pairwise day-and-night SVIs across various urban forms. The D2N generator will provide a cornerstone for future urban studies that heavily utilize SVIs to audit urban environments.

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ІНСТИТУТУ ПРОБАЦІЇ

The problem of the need to reduce the number of people in prisons, crime prevention, and effective correction of convicts has existed for a long time. In order to solve these issues, probation has been in operation for a long time in many countries of the world, in particular in the countries of the European Union. The rehabilitative aspect of probation deserves special attention: in its application, the main goal is not punishment, but social reintegration into society and correction of convicts. The purpose of the article is to study the foreign experience of the formation and development of the institution of probation as an active and progressive system of execution of punishments. The article used the methods of observation, comparison, generalization, scientific abstraction, and system analysis. Ukraine should take into account the experience of Estonia, Spain, and Portugal in the field of electronic monitoring. This type of probation measure in these countries has already proven its effectiveness, helped to save budget funds (the amount spent on electronic monitoring is much less than the amount of money spent on keeping a person in prison), and also allowed to reduce the number of people who are in prisons. The practical value of the article lies in the study and systematization of foreign experience of criminal legal measures not related to the isolation of offenders from society. The possibility and expediency of borrowing, as well as the introduction of mechanisms of such interaction in the crime prevention system in Ukraine, were analyzed. Foreign experience shows that the introduction of the probation service is an important factor that has a positive impact on society. Restorative justice programs are an effective component of probation services: they have an educational impact on the offender, prevention of repeated offenses, and promotion of social adaptation and reintegration of offenders into society. Key words: foreign experience; institute of probation; offenders; punishment; society; system of execution of punishments.

Crime Prediction Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning

The utilization of machine learning and deep learning methods for crime prediction has become a focal point for researchers, aiming to decipher the complex patterns and occurrences of crime. This review scrutinizes an extensive collection of over 150 scholarly articles to delve into the assortment of machine learning and deep learning techniques employed in forecasting criminal behaviour. It grants access to the datasets leveraged by researchers for crime forecasting and delves into the key methodologies utilized in these predictive algorithms. The study sheds light on the various trends and elements associated with criminal behaviour and underscores the existing deficiencies and prospective avenues for advancing crime prediction precision. This thorough examination of the current research on crime forecasting through machine learning and deep learning serves as an essential resource for scholars in the domain. A more profound comprehension of these predictive methods will empower law enforcement to devise more effective prevention and response strategies against crime.

ANALYSIS MODEL OF SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ON CRIMINALITY RATE: A RURAL CASE STUDY

Objective: Criminality in Indonesia is still a serious problem that threatens public safety and order. A study was conducted to analyze how improving the socio-cultural environment can reduce crime in Indonesia. Method: This study uses primary data obtained from 100 respondents who are detainees in several police stations, and uses logistic regression analysis to test the influence of several socio-cultural environmental factors. Results: The results of the analysis show that the social environment in the form of increased employment, family relationships, and ethnicity can reduce the incidence of repeat criminality in Indonesia. This finding highlights that it is necessary to pay attention to socio-cultural environmental factors in designing crime prevention and response policies. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that special attention should be paid to factors such as employment, family relations, and ethnicity in crime prevention and control efforts. Research Implications: A well-integrated policy strategy can also help reduce crime rates in an area.

Violence Against Women and their Children (VAWC) Cases During Pandemic: Experiences of Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) Officers in Cebu City

This study aimed to explore the life experiences of the Women and Children Desk (WCPD) handling Violence against Women and their Children (VAWC) cases during the pandemic in Cebu City. Specifically, sought to address the following specific problems: the experiences of the informants in handling VAWC cases during the Covid-19 pandemic, addressing the problems encountered by the informants, and aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of service to the victims of VAWC. The phenomenological and qualitative approach in this study was utilized through interviews as the key process in the gathering of data. There were ten (10) selected police officers handling Violence against Women and their Children (VAWC) during the Covid-19 pandemic in Cebu City. Five (5) of them were individually interviewed, while the other five (5) were included in the Focused Group Discussion (FGD). They were selected randomly but met the qualifications and have broad experience in the subject matter. The research locations are the top five (5) police stations in Cebu City with a high number of VAWC cases is Cebu City namely: Police Station (PS) 4- Mabolo; PS5- Carbon; PS7- Pardo; PS9- Guadalupe and PS10- Punta. A validated interview guide was aided by the voice recorder for the basis of transcribing the responses of the informants. Utilization of Colaizzi's method, a phenomenological analysis procedure, was used to analyze the responses of the informants during the interview. For the experiences of the informants in handling VAWC cases in Cebu City during a pandemic, themes created were Satisfaction with Desired Result, Attained Productivity, and Embracing Limitations of Official Functions in addressing the problems encountered in handling (VAWC) cases during pandemic, the following themes created were: Intensified Implementation of Restrictions, Established Online Presence, and Maintaining Effective Collaboration and for the aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of service to the victims of VAWC, the following theme were created: New Normal Retooling and Equipment for Stabilization. The Philippine National Police (PNP)- Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) officers, as a specialized unit in enforcing laws related to the protection of women and children and regarded as the “quick-response-unit,” must maintain dynamic and standardized public service. It is suggested that the Performance Standards and Assessment Tool for police service addressing cases of violence against women be amended where the assessment tool should not be done as “Self-administered” to identify committed officers who are working diligently to end violence against women and children. The retooling of PNP-WCPD should not only cover policy-related attitudes, habits, and work ethics but should also investigate an array of services that can be extended during a crisis. The provision of additional facilities and personnel to attend VAWC cases will expedite the acquisition of relevant documents for filing legal actions and will be timely in the recent health crisis. This will enable the Department of Health to provide prompt intervention on the outbreak of mental health problems aggravated by the pandemic. PNP-WCPD and other linkages should develop process-based alternatives and act on the research of shared resources from the Covid-19 experiences because health protocols altered policing strategies and are not conducive to problem-oriented crime prevention and innovation.