Fraud Crimes Research Articles

The Relevance of Forensic Accounting Education in Financial Reporting

The paper examines the relevance of Forensic Education in the field of Accounting Services via: Litigation support, Expert witnessing and Fraud examination. Data was analyzed using the Liken scale and secondary data through the use of text books, journal articles and internet materials were heavily relied upon. The most important course objectives in Forensic education which include-fraud detection, investigation and prevention, fraud prevention and identification of Internal control of firms and providing education on pervasiveness of and the causes of fraud and while-collar crime were reviewed. The researcher finds that the Accounting curricula is not well defined to accommodate Forensic accounting and therefore, is of the opinion that new insights from both practitioners and academicians should be explored to provide a better understanding of this emerging area of Accounting practice. The study recommends an aggressive study in Forensic education by both the practitioners. Academicians and the would be Students with a view to addressing the ugly incidence of fraud characterized by the significant changes in the business environment posed by globalization, technological advancement and high profile financial scandals e.g. Enron, WorldCom and the fraud of the banking sector leading to liquidation of 36 banks in 1990s and the now merger and recapitalization of banks in Nigeria in 2004.

Tendency of falling for fraud crimes and the future time perspective in elderly people

Tendency of falling for fraud crimes and the future time perspective in elderly people

„Fraud in Judicial System‟ as a Language Crime: Forensic Linguistics Approach

Forensic linguistics is a discipline coordinated with legal goals in the judicial system, focusing on all branches of linguistics including phonetics, semantics, discourse etc. This science is not so known in Iran; whereas, it can have a lot of applications in judicial system. Fraud is a kind of crime in which language plays a central role in forming. There are three conditions in forming of fraud: first; dishonest tools to cheat others, second; victim’s lack of knowledge about dishonest tools, third; the lost possession belonged to the victim. At least, realization of the second condition requires swindler to deceive his victim by language. The author aims at providing a conceptual structure for the crime of fraud with linguistic analysis. Having reviewed different cases in courts and Bureau of Police Investigation, the author offered a conceptual frame with six components including requirement/greed, proposal/advertisement, perlocutionary effect, agreement based on commitment speech act, problem (not realizing of commitment speech act) and completion. This is a field research and applies at analysis-description method.

Unigene Laboratories, Inc. et al. v. Apotex, Inc. et al.: Reformulating an old drug is not as obvious as one might think

In Unigene Laboratories, Inc. et al. v. Apotex, Inc. et al., 655 F.3d 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2011), the Federal Circuit addressed issues of obviousness and the crime fraud exception to privilege. The Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court's denial of summary judgment of obviousness and its grant of summary judgment of nonobviousness. In addition, the Federal Circuit found that the District Court had properly found that documents had not been improperly withheld based on the crime-fraud exception and that additional theories of inequitable conduct raised by Apotex at later stages of the litigation had either been previously addressed by the District Court or had been waived. This case report presents the arguments made at the District Court and Federal Circuit and how each of these courts addressed the issues raised by the parties.

Somewhere Over the Rainbow

Fraud has been the cause of a large part of the recent financial crisis. Banks and other lenders in leading economies have been charged with crimes, fined, and accused of fraud, especially mortgage fraud. This paper examines the performances of 14 top global lending institutions, and compares their performances over the period of financial crisis with major developed nations’ and EU economic data. American fraud and bank crime trends are shown. A series of correlation tests shows that several of the featured large lending institutions’ performances are very similar to fraud activities reported by the FBI. Correlations are also shown which link divorce, alcohol consumption, and abortion to economic and financial crises. Insufficiently checked white collar crime and a loosely regulated financial industry are shown to be associated with negative social and economic impacts. Policy changes are suggested.

An Entity Resolution Model based on Time-Sensitive for Telecom Fraud Crime Investigation

Entity resolution is an important part of the social network analysis, and it aims to identify the real corresponding entity out of a confusion of entities. Based on the standard terminology in graph entity recognition, this paper proposed an improved Jacquard similarity measure approach according to features of telecom fraud crime, and presented a novel entity resolution algorithm which utilizes some new measures as time step and time-sensitive coefficient. This algorithm can be applied to multi-time-step conditions in order to analyze the entity’s changes. By taking into full account of the movement area of the suspects established by the Police Bureau, it excludes the impossible telecom entities, and eventually discovers the result cluster of the given mobile numbers that possibly belong to the same entity. This approach can help the Police Bureau narrow the investigation scope and maximize the anti-crime effects in the information age. Based on the phone-call data collected by the police bureau, this algorithm that has been applied in the telecom frauds well show its feasibility, practicality and effectiveness.

Providing an Applied-Learning Exercise in Teaching Fraud Detection: A Case of Academic Partnering with IRS Criminal Investigation

ABSTRACT: This paper describes the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation’s (IRS CI’s) “Adrian Project.” Through a partnership with a college or university and IRS CI, the Adrian Project provides an applied-learning exercise that enables accounting majors to apply their classroom learning by solving hypothetical financial tax fraud crimes. This interactive exercise organizes students into small working teams with oversight and teaching points provided by an assigned “coach,” who is an IRS CI special agent. Using pre- and post- questionnaires, we find that students report significant improvement in the development of fraud detection skills and abilities related to: (1) gathering, organizing, and evaluating evidence; (2) employing various investigative tools to identify evidence of fraud; (3) conducting interviews for evidence-gathering purposes; and (4) communication. These skills and abilities are not only essential in fraud detection, but many of them are also invaluable to all accounting students regardless of their chosen career path.

Cases Studies on Intellectual Property Issues for Bionics

Litigation plague does become a major worry for investors, assignees, inventors and related personnels, even holding a quality patent may not secure enough to be free from patent litigation. As long as the patented technology involoved in considerable profits, competitors will try every possible measure to take over the market, sales order or technology, sometimes aiming to merge or probing core technology, moreover for marketing awareness or brand promotion. Accusing patent infringement through complicated technical data or wordings, patent invalid through anticipation by 35 U.S.C. § 102 or obviouness by 35 U.S.C. § 103, or based on details such as priority dates, publicizing dates, references, filing dates,…etc. Inequidable conducts are new fashions with various tactics like attcking missing lables on embosiments, unsupported spcification , obvious to try, experiments details, chemical structure’s similarity upon biological efficacy, similarity between dehydrated from and un-dehydrated from, formulation or excipient differences, even a bit late filing information disclosure statement (IDS) for new references, crime fraud exception to the attorney-client privilege, are common tactis in intellectual property disputs. The counteractions will be described in details with cases. Keyword: infringement; doctrine of equivalence; patent invalid; patent anticipation; patent obviousness

Causes, Typologies, and Deterrence of Fraud Crime in the United Kingdom: Lessons for Reform of Fraud Prevention in the South Korea

Causes, Typologies, and Deterrence of Fraud Crime in the United Kingdom: Lessons for Reform of Fraud Prevention in the South Korea

Testing assumptions about naivety in insurance fraud

Despite the recognition that traditional methods of fighting the rising and pressing crime of insurance fraud are ineffective, much attention in the process of its detection is still paid to the characteristics of false claims and of people submitting them. Although there is some research looking into the assumptions insurance companies hold about these characteristics, the question of the general public knowledge about them has been rather neglected. This appears unjustified in light of the fact that it is ‘the average’ opportunistic driver most likely to lie about their loss. The results of this project, employing the method of thematic analysis, whereby the narratives of 25 male drivers are examined, challenge the correctness of corporate assumptions about what the layman driver could know about insurance fraud.

White collar crimes and casino gambling: looking for empirical links to forgery, embezzlement, and fraud

This study investigates the alleged link between casino gambling and arrests for the commission of the “white collar” crimes of forgery, fraud, and embezzlement. The rapid expansion of casino gaming venues in recent years has been said to have increased the incidence of white collar crimes by casino customers who get themselves in financial trouble by overspending at casinos (given the median age of 47 for casino patrons and that 41% hold white collar jobs). This study investigates this question by using several kinds of data to examine arrest and offender trends, using a follow-up period of up to 10 years to assess long-term impacts. The results indicate that, comparing pre- and post-casino average annual arrests for embezzlement, forgery, and fraud, trends show a general decrease in arrests in casino jurisdictions, although embezzlement arrests rose in Connecticut and in nationwide statistics. An assessment of the reasons offered from interviews with people convicted of embezzlement and fraud are presented to examine the extent to which gambling is a causal factor.

Plagiarism and punishment

Plagiarism is one of the three high crimes of research fraud. The US Office for Research Integrity (ORI) puts it up there with the big boys, fabrication and falsification, in its definition of research misconduct (http://ori.dhhs.gov). Some have argued that the definition should extend to lesser crimes such as undeclared conflict of interest and duplicate publication, but to my knowledge no one has questioned that theft of another person's work is fraud. How big a problem is plagiarism? The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) lists 18 cases of alleged plagiarism reviewed from 1998 to …

Recent developments in the fight against fraud and financial crime

This article first considers the Fraud Act 2006, examining the new offence of fraud and the ways in which it can be committed, the related offences created by the Act, and the impact of the Act on the ability of defendants in civil proceedings to claim the privilege against self-incrimination. It then considers the Serious Crime Bill, focusing on the controversial proposals regarding a new Serious Crime Prevention Order regime and for the creation of new data sharing and data matching powers. Finally, the article notes some other recent initiatives in the anti-fraud and financial crime arena.

Developing effective tools to manage the risk of damage caused by economically motivated crime fraud

PurposeThis paper aims to examine what is meant by economically motivated crime (ECM) and to look at the typologies of offences considered to fall into this category, to analyse the effects of ECM on financial services business and assess the efficacy of steps taken by law enforcement and business to prevent, investigate and mitigate the damage caused by ECM on business.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the session: “Risks to financial institutions presented by economically motivated crime” at the Cambridge 24th International Symposium on Economic Crime.FindingsMuch ECM is perpetrated by organised crime on business and the tools available to law enforcement, through legislative instruments and available resources to investigate it, are inadequate. Business does not accord sufficient recognition to the risks posed by ECM and accordingly fails to manage those risks. Models for a Fraud Policy and a Fraud Policy Statement are set out and a higher priority for fraud on the Government agenda for policing is advocated.Originality/valueThe paper addresses the impact fraud has on business and the economies of the world and highlights the threat of financial crime which is affecting everyone.

Enabling the Enablers: An Identity Fraud Solution for Law Enforcement

ABSTRACT This project addresses the problem of identity fraud and law enforcement's (LE) role in detecting, preventing, and responding to this crime. Specifically, how can policy-informed technology enable LE to better manage victim reports and investigations and effectively inform the prosecution of Internet-related identity fraud crime (ID fraud)? In accomplishing its goals, this project involves technologies, methodologies, and policies that shape the processing, presentation, and geospatial analysis of Internet-related ID fraud. LE operations are an information-intensive process in which government agencies are called upon to collect and interpret large data sets in an effort to serve and protect the public, while at the same time maintaining trust and reliability in fulfilling its mission. LE has, thus far, encountered technical, managerial, and socio-legal barriers to capturing, integrating, correlating, and interpreting ID fraud data between sources on the Internet and traditional LE databases. To address these needs, this project is developing a model framework for the management, analysis, and visualization of ID fraud data residing in standalone LE databases and the Internet. The implications of crafting a transparent, replicable, and objective framework for ID fraud knowledge management and information sharing include a critical understanding and prediction of the impact of this nascent threat to society, as well as a subsequent capability to efficiently process and resolve these cases. The significance of this project will extend beyond the pilot region to include other LE agencies and public–private partnerships, demonstrating how to leverage the strengths of public, private, and academic communities toward a better collective whole.

Enhancing fraud prevention and detection by profiling fraud offenders

The paper first focuses on the crime of fraud and then on approaches to profiling offenders before examining closely studies of fraud offenders and their motivation. Drawing on the existing empirical literature, a profile of the serious fraud offender is presented and critiqued together with a taxonomy of such offenders comprising 12 types. The implications of the findings for fraud detection and prevention are discussed.

Assessing law enforcement preparedness to address Internet fraud

Recent societal concern regarding computer crime was well documented in the research literature. To date, however, modest research addressed how large, local police and sheriff's departments confront Internet fraud. Using data collected from surveys distributed to the seven hundred largest police- and sheriff's departments, the present article addresses law enforcement: (1) preparedness to enforce Internet fraud crimes; (2) perceptions of Internet fraud; (3) cooperative policing efforts; and (4) Internet fraud information dissemination practices. Among other things, results suggested that individuals within these departments believed Internet fraud was problematic, although they lacked the resources to properly address the problem. These results are discussed as they relate to the organizational design of law enforcement agencies and their potential to adapt to innovative crimes. Suggestions are offered for a more effective approach to confronting Internet fraud.

A Laboratory Demonstration of the Fraudulent Telemarketers’ 1‐in‐5 Prize Tactic1

Two laboratory experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the 1‐in‐5 prize tactic for perpetrating telemarketing fraud crimes. Across these experiments, the 1‐in‐5 prize tactic (securing acquiescence to a request by misleading a person to believe that he or she has won a valuable prize) resulted in a 5‐fold increase in compliance, including 100% yielding in conditions most similar to those used by fraudulent telemarketers. Possible psychological mechanisms underlying the tactic (including phantom fixation) are discussed.

Female crime in the United States, 1963–1998: An update

This article is an update of the data compiled by Simon and Landis (1991) in The Crimes Women Commit: The Punishments They Receive. I examine current data on female labor, education, arrest and prison statistics to further evaluate the arguments expressed by Simon and Landis in 1991. Based on the demographic data, women have increased their opportunity to commit crimes, and their taking advantage of these opportunities is reflected in the increased female crime rate. Overall, these data show that women are committing crime at a steady rate. When compared to men, women seem to be committing the crimes of embezzlement, fraud, forgery, and larceny at a rate comparable to men. Thus, the arguments expressed by Simon and Landis in 1991 are further supported.

Settling Accounts: Violence, Justice, and Accountability in Postsocialist Europe

Settling Accounts: Violence, Justice, and Accountability in Postsocialist Europe. JOHN BORNEMAN. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997; xiii + 197 pp. John Borneman believes that the legitimacy of the new states in Eastern Europe depends upon as yet underdeveloped systems of accountability for past wrongdoing by the functionaries of the former socialist states. Because the actions of the former officials were legal under the previous governmental structures, the region's political development since 1989 gives Borneman the opportunity to critique positivist approaches to understanding the rule of law (whatever is legal is fight). In its place he offers an evaluation that owes a great deal to critical legal scholarship. His understanding of the rule of law is based on principles of accountability that depend on the propagation of local norms (what is moral is right). In place of the distributive justice that characterizes the judicial system of strong states, he sets out to define and describe the operations of retributive justice, a settling of accounts that deals primarily with moral injuries, wrongs that frequently do not result in material injury or harm (p. viii). This shift from the formal efficiencies of the legal system to the substantive experiences of conflict resolution in the local community creates a wedge for anthropological contributions to critical legal studies, as well as valuable insights into the political systems of postsocialist Europe. Borneman's argument proceeds in four steps. Unlike dictatorships, oligarchies, and monarchies, accountability is central to the legitimacy of democratic states. This accountability is achieved when the government ritually purifies itself in periodic prosecutions of actual wrongdoing by its functionaries. This retributive justice restores the dignity of the victims of state wrongdoing through social and jural processes. The reestablishment of the dignity of victims restores the trust in the legal system, a key index of state legitimacy. The failure to face up to actual wrongdoing by functionaries leads to cycles of violence directed either against an internal scapegoat or an externally identified enemy. After laying out a methodological and interpretive framework to deal with these issues in Chapter 1, Borneman offers a comparative analysis of the political transformation in East-Central Europe between 1989 and 1993 in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 expands the field of comparison to Western legal traditions and attempts to locate the postsocialist transformations in this wider context. Borneman's ethnographic expertise is Eastern Germany. This region is prominently discussed in this chapter, where the emphasis is on the bifurcation of the legal traditions in Germany after 1945 and in Chapter 4, where the emphasis is on the new crimes arising from the socialist government's sanctioning of crime and issues of currency fraud, privatization of social property, secret police abuses, and similar unification issues. Borneman shows us in Chapter 5 how the theory of retributive justice plays out in an actual dispute, an extortion trial involving a lawyer whose interactions with clients during the socialist era is placed under scrutiny. The question that intrigues Borneman here is what constitutes normal behavior for a lawyer under those political conditions. Normal here is understood as community-based, rather than as part of some universal code. It would be inappropriate to single out a lawyer operating under community norms for actions on behalf of a client. The prosecution of this lawyer offers an opportunity to examine to what extent he is a substitute sacrifice, a stand-in for the previous system itself and to what extent he is the perpetrator of wrongs committed against innocent parties. The case is a complex one involving the confiscation of property, and Borneman leads readers through it with due care. He analyzes the result of this and other trials in Chapter 6. …