Crime Investigation Process Research Articles

Judicial Review of the Authority to Investigate Financial Crimes after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 59/PUU-XXI/2023: Comparison of Indonesia, Australia, Japan and Germany

Financial crime refers to all illegal actions carried out by individuals or groups with the aim of obtaining financial gain. In facing this challenge, it is important for policy makers and legal practitioners to continue to carry out in-depth reviews of the authority to investigate financial crime. This research aims to examine the authority in investigating financial crime after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 59/PUU-XXI/2023 through a comparison between Indonesia, Australia, Japan and Germany. The method used in this research uses a conceptual approach and a comparative approach with normative research types. The research results show that the authority to investigate financial crime after the Constitutional Court decision Number 59/PUU-XXI/2023 has experienced significant changes in Indonesia. In Indonesia, the Constitutional Court decision Number 59/PUU-XXI/2023 regulates that investigators must be under the control and supervision of the National Police. This decision confirms the position of the National Police as an institution that has the authority to supervise and control the financial crime investigation process. This is expected to increase effectiveness and efficiency in law enforcement in the financial sector, as well as ensuring that the investigation process is carried out in a transparent and accountable manner. In comparison, in Australia, financial crime investigative powers are managed by several agencies, including the Australian Federal Police (AFP) and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). Japan has a Financial Services Agency (FSA) and a National Police Agency (NPA) which coordinate the investigation of financial crimes. Meanwhile, in Germany, the authority to investigate financial crimes falls under the Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) and financial supervisory institutions such as BaFin. This comparison shows that each country has a different approach in regulating the authority to investigate financial crime. In Indonesia, the confirmation of control and supervision by the National Police is expected to increase cooperation between law enforcement agencies and strengthen efforts to eradicate financial crime.

The Effects of Investigators' Resignations on Officers Performance at Wanaheda Police Station

Resignations among seasoned investigators continue to impede service delivery worldwide, with Africa experiencing challenges due to constant recruitment and the lure of better remuneration in the private sector (Kamau & Omondi, 2020; Mukwevho & Bussin, 2021). This issue is not exclusive to the Namibian Police Force, which struggles to compete with well-paying organisations, such as commercial banks and government agencies (Namweya, 2017). Wanaheda Police Station, classified as an 'A' class station, boasts significant human resources and jurisdiction. However, it operates with a shortfall of investigators, with only 26 of the required 57 investigators available (Namibian Police Force, 2021). This shortage is attributed to a lack of motivation and recognition, leading officers to seek transfers or resignations (Namibian Police Force, 2021). Despite public expectations for effective investigations, there's a considerable backlog of unresolved cases due to slow investigations (Namibian Police Force, 2021). During the 2020/2021 financial year, Wanaheda Police Station registered 12,624 cases, but only 425 underwent complete police investigation, leaving 96.6% pending due to ongoing investigations, among other reasons. This statistic highlights systemic issues in the crime investigation process, which links investigation delays to prolonged court proceedings. The primary reason for this slow investigative process in the Namibian Police Force and Wanaheda Police Station is the strained human resources of investigators (Namweya, 2017). Thus, there is a pressing need to investigate the impact of the departure of approximately 18 investigators from 2017 to 2021 on service delivery at the Wanaheda Police Station.

Proof of the Main Actors of Narcotics Abuse in the Investigation Process

This study aims to provide knowledge to investigators to determine the main perpetrators in the criminal act of abusing narcotics illicit traffic in the investigation process. And to find out the investigator's strategy in proving the main perpetrators of narcotics crime abuse in the investigation process. The research method used is normative juridical and is carried out by descriptive analysis. Sources and types of data used are secondary data. The data collection technique uses literature study, and the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research and discussion indicate that (1) In determining the qualifications of the main perpetrators of narcotics crime abuse in the investigation process, they must go through several stages, including receiving reports, conducting investigations, arrests, searches, confiscations, examination of suspects and witnesses, detention, and delegation. the case file along with the suspect to the prosecutor's office and in the investigation process must meet at least two valid pieces of evidence. (2) The investigator's strategy in proving the qualifications of the main perpetrators of narcotics crime abuse in the investigation process, namely: Investigators still refer to the basic elements of the article that are applied to the perpetrators; supervise investigators through online applications in a structured manner; improve IT-based intelligence facilities and infrastructure. and eliminate personal interests in handling the narcotics crime investigation process. The researcher's suggestions are (1) it is better if the terms of the main perpetrators of narcotics crimes are included in the law so as not to cause other interpretations of the main actors with couriers and abusers. (2) It is better for law enforcement officers to understand and realize that it is necessary to eliminate the behavior of some members of the National Police and BNN who are still deviant, tend to seek personal gain, by commercializing narcotics cases and some even being their backing, and so on.

Development of Ontology on Crime Investigation process

This paper is an extended version of the research paper “Ontology based crime investigation process” which deals with the working principle and the construction of an ontology based extensively on organized crime. Ontologies on various domains are created in which their assistance has been widely recognized. They are being developed for providing basis for allocation of knowledge in a domain and imparting reasonable information. In this paper we describe the structure of the ontology we created and also by validating the ontology via an online ontology evaluating tool.

Advanced Android Crime Tracker

We have proposed an advanced android crime tracker mobile application which will track the status of the investigation as well as it also tracks complaints reported by the public. The main purpose of the application is to help higher authorities like CBI and police to speed up their investigation process and track status of multiple cases at a time. In this application, public will help them to get the crime details quickly and then they can take action immediately. It will help the police to know the crime ratio in the society. This application will show all the updated crime post and once case is solved then admin can delete the post and can also update the status of investigation. Public can upload photos of crime spot and location of crime spot and photos of items found on scene. User can also post their missing person details by doing same procedure. User can also check the status updated by the admin and incase of any query or emergency; the user can chat with the police with the help of chat box. For women safety, we have provided a SOS button which will call police by clicking on that button. This application is designed in such a way that all the post which is uploaded by peoples can be seen by police also. After that they can take action immediately on it and they can write the status of the crime. This system will speed up the crime investigation process.

KEKHUSUSAN PROSES PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA CYBER CRIME

The existence of the internet in human life is very supportive of all forms of human activity in today's digital era. However, technological advances with the use of the internet have resulted in the emergence of cybercrime or cyber crime. In its development, cyber crime requires special handling by the police in the process of investigation. For this reason, using normative juridical research, this study will examine the specificities of the cyber crime investigation process. In general, the process is almost the same as the criminal investigation process in general, except that it is carried out by cyber units or special units that have the task of carrying out cyber crime investigations. Apart from that, investigators of cybercrime will also use other special laws such as ITE, Consumer Protection, Banking, and so on.

Appraising the Forensic Services in Crime Investigation: A Study on Police Officers from Gamo Zone in SNNPR, Ethiopia

Criminal investigation is an art of uncovering the truth for the purpose of successful detection and prosecution. A successful and reliable investigation to stand for the justice requires a competent investigator and the use of technological aids from forensic and other scientific disciplines. This paper investigates the common perception among the police officers at different designation levels working in the Gamo region, SNNPR on the application of forensic services in crime investigation. The major objectives of this study are to a) Identify the level of awareness on forensic service among the crime investigation officers and b) To identify the lacunae in implementation of forensic services in crime investigation process. The sample size of 70 police officers in all categories of Constable, SubInspector, Inspector, Deputy Commissioner in the Gama zonal region were included as respondents of the study. A purposive sampling method was adopted and structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. Statistical interpolation of the results was done using SPSS software. This study identified the lack of awareness among the police officers working in lower hierarchy level (<50%) on various forensic services, specialized forensic divisions, and application of forensic approaches during crime investigation. A positive correlation was observed with respect to the designation of officers and the lack of awareness among the police officers. Majority (<65%) of the police officers were not aware of the existence of fingerprinting division in the country. There exists a poor communication between key actors in the criminal justice system and financial resources not directed at the front end of the forensic process. The outcomes of this study would facilitate the identification of the lacunae in implementation of forensic services in the crime investigation process. This study emphasizes the need for immediate attention on managing the forensic illiteracy among police officers, mainly on the field such as fingerprint analysis, criminal investigation methods and cybercrime. It is the need of hour to promote the establishment of forensic wing at Gamo zonal level law enforcement.

Evichain: Evaluating and Scrutinizing Crime using Block Chain

Evidence and witness play an important role to investigate crime and lawful jurisdiction in any case. But often, the victims do not get justice due to the middlemen and the altered evidences in the centralized network. Block chain is an ideal solution to ensure transparency till the highest hierarchy of jurisdiction using a decentralized peer to peer network to store data which is immutable. It is like a distributed ledger working on the proof of work algorithm that validates each amendment and modification made in a particular chain. Evichain inculcates the transparency and security of the same decentralized network in the crime investigation process. It is an application on which the entire data regarding any particular investigation is stored in a block chain with limited people having access rights. It also includes cases filed by the victims themselves. Every amendment made in the block chain is validated. Also the data access is restricted to the users with that specific private key.

Preliminary analysis of polymorphism of STR markers in the population of domestic cats (Felis catus) in Lower Silesia.

Genetic tests play acrucial role in the crime investigation process and often provide the strongest evidence for case resolution. Although the majority of genetic analyses in the field of criminalistics focus on the human DNA, genetic identification of animals is becoming an increasingly common procedure. Domestic animals, which live around people, may be silent witnesses and even victims of criminal activity. Their typically limited value as evidence in such cases could radically change thanks to the possibility of using animal biological material present at the crime scene. In addition to forensic medicine, genetic identification methods of this type may also become avaluable tool in many other areas of life. Recently, there has been an increase in public interest in verifying the pedigree of animals, investigating poaching and illegal shooting of animals, e.g. protected wildcats and lynx, as well as illegal trade in animals. The main aims of the studies reported in this paper were to assess the degree of polymorphism of the analyzed STR markers in feline genetic material, and to perform apreliminary evaluation of their suitability for developing an original feline genetic identification test. The studies involved an analysis of genetic material samples obtained from apopulation consisting of 123 unrelated cats representing various domestic cat breeds, living in the Lower Silesia region. The material collected from individual cats in the form of blood drops or buccal swabs was subjected to an analysis of five STR markers forming asingle multiplex assay (FCA742, FCA744, F124, FCA732, FCA749). The results obtained for each marker separately were analyzed statistically and, using the 2 test, the concordance of the study population with the Hardy-Weinberg principle was evaluated. The findings demonstrate asignificant potential of the analyzed markers for the development of genetic identification tests.

IJARCCE - Computer and Communication Engineering

Crime rate is increasing very fast in India because of increase in poverty and unemployment. With the existing crime investigation techniques, officers have to spend a lot of time as well as man power to identify suspects and criminals. However crime investigation process needs to be faster and efficient. As large amount of information is collected during crime investigation, data mining is an approach which can be useful in this perspective. Data mining is a process that extracts useful information from large amount of crime data so that possible suspects of the crime can be identified efficiently. Numbers of data mining techniques are available. Use of particular data mining technique has greater influence on the results obtained. So the performance of three data mining techniques { J48, Nave Bayes and JRip will be compared against sample crime and criminal database and best performing algorithm will be used against sample crime and criminal database to identify possible suspects of the crime. Data mining is a process of extracting knowledge from huge amount of data stored in databases, data warehouses and data repositories. Clustering is the process of combining data objects into groups. The data objects within the group are very similar and very dissimilar as well when compared to objects of other groups.

Unnatural Death Investigation in India

The inquest upon a dead body is the basis of the scientific crime investigation and administration of criminal justice. The pivotal issue in any inquest is the initial visualization of the body and its surroundings at the scene of incident by a team of investigators and experts. This must be carried out meticulously, since the subsequent course of the case, and its success or failure in the court of justice, essentially depends upon its proper execution. Unfortunately, such an important step as the inquest is generally the most neglected part of any crime investigation process as it exists in India today. It is quite often left entirely to the inspired guesswork and seasoned experience of the lowest ranking police officers and more often than not to a Head Constable of a police station or substation. Nevertheless, while the coroner's system has proved to be utterly unsuitable for Indian conditions, we have failed to find an alternative solution to the growing challenge of scientific crime investigation in India, by involving the forensic pathologist in inquests held upon dead bodies, by including him in the first crime investigation. A strong case is made for adoption of the medical examiner's system of inquest, wherein the forensic pathologist plays the pivotal role and leads the "unnatural death investigation team."

Forensic Science in the United Kingdom

The types of assistance which the scientist may give to the investigating officer and the courts are defined. Modern techniques are briefly mentioned and their relationships with the crime investigation process outlined. Some problems of the interpretation of scientific evidence and the provision of data banks and computer facilities are discussed. Finally, the monitoring of the performance of forensic science laboratories by the use of Quality Assurance procedures is advocated.