Cress Plant Research Articles

CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING LEPIDIUM SATIVUM PLANT

The biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was achieved through the utilization of an extract derived from the plant Lepidium Sativum, commonly referred to as Garden cress. The current study was undertaken to examine the impacts of different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3) on the properties of silver nanoparticles. A range of analytical techniques were utilized to examine the characteristics of the nanoparticles, encompassing energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings demonstrated and suggested that Lepidium Sativum represents a viable choice for the environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectra of the studied silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) exhibited a significant level of absorption within the wavelength range of 430-460 nm. The most intense absorption peak, observed at 453 nm, was associated with a concentration of 0.25 mol. The examination of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images has revealed that the concentration of the solution has a substantial impact on the size, morphology, shape, and orientation of the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The Ag NPs exhibit a mostly spherical and semi-spherical form, with an average particle size ranging from 65 to 80 nm. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized exhibit a high level of purity, consisting solely of silver atoms arranged in a face-centered cubic crystalline lattice structure. The particle size, as determined from the (111) peak, falls within the range of 25.31-67.28 nm. The EDX spectrum analysis indicated that the primary chemical constituent present in the samples was silver (Ag). The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) produced at different concentrations exhibited a distinct peak in the UV-Vis spectrum, demonstrating significant absorbance above 400 nm in the visible region and minimal absorption in the UV range. The measured energy band gap (Eg) ranged from 2.05 to 2.3 eV. In addition, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) at different concentrations did not exhibit any discernible peak throughout the monitored range. This observation implies that the silver nanoparticles that were produced using cress plant extract had a high level of purity.

Determination of the effect of soil and irrigation water quality on total chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and proteins values in cress, parsley, celery, and basil plants.

The effect of soil and irrigation water quality in three sites of the Khasah Su River basin Kirkuk-Iraq was studied on the values ​​of total chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and proteins of cress, parsley, celery, and basil plants. Samples were collected from November 2021 to May 2022. Sampling sites in the Khasah Su River located between longitudes 44o 23/ and 44o 24/ and latitudes 35o 24/ and 35o 29/. Soil quality index (SQI) values ​​documented poor soil fertility in all sites, especially on the third site. Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) values were excellent in the first site, good in the second site, and poor in the third site. The basil plant recorded the lowest mean values ​​of carbohydrates 0.59ppm in the first site and proteins 0.26ppm in the second site and the cress plant recorded the lowest mean value of total chlorophyll at 7.92ppm in the first site. Parsley plant recorded the highest mean values ​​of carbohydrates 5.69ppm and total chlorophyll 21.46ppm, and cress plant highest average values ​​of proteins 1.63ppm on the third site. Basil and cress plants were the most affected by the decrease in soil quality and irrigation water index at the study sites, while parsley and celery plants were the least affected.

Investigation of different lighting (LED, HPS and FLO) in aquaponics systems for joint production of different plants (Lettuce, Parsley and Cress) and koi carp

We investigated the effects of growth performance of three plant species parsley (Petroselinum crispum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cress (Lepidium sativum) under the three different lighting sources, Light-Emitting Diode lamp (LED; 200w), High-Pressure Sodium lamp (HPS; 200w) and Fluorescent lamp (FLO; 200w) in an aquaponic system. A total number of 43 koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) with 3628 g total biomass (84.4 g per individual) were used. The fish used in the experiment recorded 36% growth and reached an average individual weight of 132.7 g at the end of the experiment. The parsley plant was measured as 8.76 ±7.32 g; 7.45 ±4.13 g; 2.04 ±1.96 g weight after 45 days, the lettuce plant was 54.09 ± 25.60 g; 60.83 ±19.39 g; 17.81 ±6.40 g weight after 54 days, cress plant was 1.03 ±0.58 g; 1.15 ±0.46 g; 1.31 ±0.58 g weight after 42 days, under the HPS, LED, and FLO light sources, respectively. HPS and LED light sources in lettuce and parsley showed better plant development than the FLO, while no significant difference occurred in cress plants under three light conditions. We conclude that using HPS or LED lights in indoor aquaponics has the potential to produce good quality and adequate amounts of plants.

The Quality and Germination Rate of Seeds Obtained From Garden Cress Grown Under Water Stress

The objective of this study is to determine the sustainability of seeds obtained from plants subjected to water stress. For this reason, seed quality and germination rates were determined in the seeds obtained from the garden cress plant (Lepidium sativum L.) grown under water stress in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In the study, apart from the seeds obtained from the 100% irrigated control plants, seeds from the garden cress irrigated with 50% and 25% water were used. The 1000-grain weight of the garden cress seeds, an indicator of seed quality, varied between 1.975-2.227 g in greenhouse conditions and between 2.121-2.248 g in laboratory conditions, where the changes in both conditions were statistically significant. The germination rates of the garden cress seeds grown under different water stress levels were found to be between 97-99% in greenhouse conditions. It was determined that in laboratory conditions all test subjects had a 100% germination rate. As a result, it was concluded that the seeds obtained from the garden cress plant, which was exposed to water stress during their growing period, continued their vitality despite water stress.

Quantitative and qualitative detection of metabolic compounds in the seeds of cress plant (Lepidium sativum.L) using chromatography tech-nique

The natural compounds are considered one of the important natural source for giving effective and medicinal compounds, especially in the varions aspects due to the nature of their composition, safety of use and of access to their sources in nature. One of these plants is Lepidium sativum that grown in Iraq. In this research, volatile oils were separated from the seeds and calculating their concentration in ratio and also identification with GLC- technique which included. (alpha-pinene, Linalool, comphour, camphere, limonene, terpene and Myrcene). Also chromatographic analysis showed that the seeds contain of many of many of fatty acid compounds which included: (palmitic acid, oleic acid, Linoleic acid, stearic acid, Eicosenoic acid, linolinic acid, butyric acid and undeconaic acid).

Effect of spraying of GA3 and Some Micronutrients on the growth and Mineral content of Cress plant (Lepidium sativum L.)

This study is conducted in aspicial farm in Adujail city\Salahaddin Governorate at the season 2015 on the cress plant. Afactorial experiment has conducted with two factors, the first is spraying with GA3 (G0 without spraying, G1 spraying with 50 mg.L-1, G2 spraying with 100 mg.L-1of GA3).the second factor is spraying with Micro Nutrients (T0 without spraying, T1spraying with 50 mg.L-1 of Fe,T2 spraying with 50 mg.L-1 of Mn, T3 spraying with amixture of 50+50 mg.L-1from Fe and Mn). The experiment is designed with (RCBD), the treatments were replicated 4 times and Duncuns Multiple Range Test at the probability 5% is used and the results are as fellowed:
 GA3 spraying causes asignificant increase in all Vegetative growth characters compared with the others which are not sprayed and also the Macro Nutrients concentration. Micro Nutrients sprayes on the Cress plants also causes asignificant increase in most Vegetative characters and Macro and Micro Nutrients content, specially the treatment of Fe and Mn mixture. Interaction between GA3 and Micronutrient is significant in all the treatment specially the treatment (100 mg.L-1 of GA3 + amixture of 50+50 mg.L-1 of Fe + Mn ) which give ahighest values of Vegetative growth and Macro and Micro Nutrients content .

Combined Effects of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Nanosilica on the Growth of Land Cress Plant

The present study was done to isolate and characterize two strains of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizospheres of acacia, sugar beet, and wheat, then determine synergic effects of nanosilica and these strains on the vegetative growth of land cress plant. Isolates identification was performed using physiological, morphological, biochemical tests, and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing. Nanosilica was extracted from Equisetum telmateia and characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and X-ray fluorescence techniques. The size and the purity of extracted silica powder were about 30 nm, 97.5 %, respectively. Two strains, namely, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Mesorhizobium sp. were the most efficient strains to grow and solubilize phosphorus in the presence of 860 mM NaCl and various pH conditions. The highest growth of these two strains was observed at 0.05 and 0.07 ppm of nanosilica. The highest amount of dry weight of shoot and root of land cress plant was recorded with the simultaneous application of these strains in combination with nanosilica. The combination of nanosilica and these strains enhanced the soil nitrogen and phosphorus content and the vegetative growth of land cress plant.

The influence of Cow Manure and Liquid Organic fertilizer Super Natural Nutrition towart growth and yield of land cress (Ipomoea reptans Poir)

This experience aims to result the influence of cow manure and liquid organic fertilizer Super Natural Nutrition as well as their interaction and the resulting growth of land cress plant and obtain dosage of the cow manure and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer super natural nutrition is right to land cress plant.The research was carried out for two months, from lateMaret 2016 to Mei 2016.From land preparation until crops.The location of the research in Mekar Jaya village, SebuluSubdistric and Kutai Kartanegara regency, East Kalimantan Province.Experiment design using a factorial 4 x 4 in a random design group (RAK), with consists of two factors experiment and three group. The first factors is the cow manure (P)this research consists of 4 levels : without cow manureorcontrol (p0), 5 ton/ha cow manureis equel to320 g/plot (p1), 10 ton/ha cow manure is equel to640 g/plot (p2), and 15ton/ha cow manure is equel to960 g/plot (p3). The secondfactors is theconsentrationof liquid organic fertilizer super natural nutrition (N)consists of 4 levels : without liquid organic fertilizer super natural nutrition(n0), theconsentrationof liquid organic fertilizer Super Natural Nutrition 1 ml/l.water (n1),consentrationof liquid organic fertilizer Super Natural Nutrition 2 ml/l.water (n2) and thenconsentrationof liquid organic fertilizer Super Natural Nutrition 3 ml/l.water (n3).The result showed that cow manure treatment (P) is significant effect plant height at 10 days after planting. The very significant effect plant height age at 20 days and 30 days after planting.Number of tilers for hill and weight of the crop per plant. The highest treatment weight of the crop per plant is p3 (dosage cow manure 15 ton/ha equel 960 g/plot) is 69,32 g/plant and the lowest weight of the fresh plant in the treatment of p0 without cow manure or control is 40,00 g/plant.Treatmentof liquid organic fertilizer Super Natural Nutrition (N) does not significant effect with number of tilers for hill. The Significanlyt effect plant height at 10 days after planting.Very significantly effect plant height at 20 days and 30 days after plantingdanweight of the crop per plant.The highesttreatment weight of the crop per plant is n3 (concentrationpupuk organik cair Super Natural Nutrition 3 ml/l.water) is 65,25 g/plant and then The lowest treatment weight of the crop per plant p0 (control treatment), yaitu 46,70 g/plant.

Contribution of Eutrema salsugineum Cold Shock Domain Structure to the Interaction with RNA.

Plant cold shock domain proteins (CSDPs) are DNA/RNA-binding proteins. CSDPs contain the conserved cold shock domain (CSD) in the N-terminal part and a varying number of the CCHC-type zinc finger (ZnF) motifs alternating with glycine-rich regions in the C-terminus. CSDPs exhibit RNA chaperone and RNA-melting activities due to their nonspecific interaction with RNA. At the same time, there are reasons to believe that CSDPs also interact with specific RNA targets. In the present study, we used three recombinant CSDPs from the saltwater cress plant (Eutrema salsugineum) - EsCSDP1, EsCSDP2, EsCSDP3 with 6, 2, and 7 ZnF motifs, respectively, and showed that their nonspecific interaction with RNA is determined by their C-terminal fragments. All three proteins exhibited high affinity to the single-stranded regions over four nucleotides long within RNA oligonucleotides. The presence of guanine in the single- or double-stranded regions was crucial for the interaction with CSDPs. Complementation test using E. coli BX04 cells lacking four cold shock protein genes (ΔcspA, ΔcspB, ΔcspE, ΔcspG) revealed that the specific binding of plant CSDPs with RNA is determined by CSD.

PENENTUAN PEMAKAIAN DOSIS DAN MACAM BIOFERTILIZER DALAM PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK PADAT TERHADAP KANDUNGAN UNSUR MAKRO NUTRIEN DAN ANALISIS FINANSIAL

The purpose of this study is to (1) find out the influence of organic fertilizers in the formof bio-fertilizer deployment puktan with a dose of 0.4 liters/100 kg of livestock excrement,and starter MOLE with a dose of 0.4 liters/100 kg of excrement of livestock inaccordance with the standardization of Fertilizer compost N0:28/Permentan/SR.130/5/2009,22 May 2009, and 2005 to plant vegetables (spinach, mustard greens andkale), (2) know the size of the dose and manner of bio-fertilizer is most effective in themanufacture of solid organic fertilizers towards growth and crop production (spinach,mustard greens and sprouts land) (3) to know financial analysis results for organicfertilizer which fermented by starter bio-fertilizer MOL and bio-fertilizer Puktan. Thebest results from the various levels of the dose and type of bio-fertilizers will be producedfor the next use to increase the production of vegetable crops in the form of spinach, kaleand mustard greens. All the data obtained were analyzed using analysis of varian, i.e. thefactorial design. When there are different results continued with a real difference testbetween the mean i.e. Duncan (DMRT) Test with SPSS model analysis. From the resultsof the analysis, the use of dose and range of bio-fertilizer in the manufacture of solidorganic fertilizers provide a significant impact towards growth and crop production, themost effective against land Cress plant growth than spinach and mustard greens.Whereas against production, are most effective in plant mustard greens. The results of theeconomic analysis fertilizer prices are fermented with bio-fertilizer starter MOLapparently gained provit larger compared with the fermented fertilizer with bio-fertilizerPuktan (USD 503/kg > Rp 470/kg).

The Effect of Increasing Humic Acid Applications on Some Nutrient Contents of Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Plant

This research was done to determine the effect of increasing Humic acid application on some nutrient element contents of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) plant. For this purpose according to randomize block experimental design, an experiment was done with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Cress plant seed was sowed 1.5 g/ m2. Four humic acid doses (I. dose: 0 mL /m2, II. dose: 8 mL /m2, III. dose: 16 mL /m2 and IV. dose: 24 mL /m2) were applied to cress plant. Then cress plants were harvested 30 days after planting. Dry matter yield and some nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of plants were determined. According to the results, important increases some nutrient element contents of plants were determined with increasing humic acid applications. These increases were found 1. dose 5.52%, and 4. dose 6.04%, for N element, respectively. Other macro elements P (0.70%, and 0. 82%); K (6.85%, and 7.67%); Ca (1.72%, and 2.01%); Mg (0.13% and 0.15%) and S (1.04%, and 1.17%), respectively. Some micro element (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of cress plant, 1. dose: 89.86, 9.59, 59.50 and 56.20; 4. dose: 102.17, 11.03, 67.67 and 76.63 mgkg-1, respectively. These increases were found statistically significant at the level of 5% for each nutrient element, except Mg.

The athlete as model organism: The everyday practice of the science of human performance

Behind every champion athlete are scores of physiologists studying his or her performance. This is no new phenomenon. Since the late 19th century, physiologists have been bringing ‘well-trained’ athletes into their labs to produce knowledge about how human bodies work, to determine the causes of human fatigue, and to probe human limits. In this article, I argue that the athlete, like the fruit fly or the mouse cress plant, can be considered a model organism. Ethnographic data are presented from 7 months of participant-observation and semistructured interviews in three human performance laboratories located in South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Ethnographic data suggest that the athlete functions as a model organism in physiology for two reasons. First, athletes ‘accommodate’ the particular experimental instruments and practical demands of fatigue research. Second, a distinct ‘biosociality’ drives the choice of athlete as model organism.

Studying of the Nitrate Contamination in Garden Cress Plant in Dezful, Khouzestan, Iran

In recent years, there has been much attention to the amount of nitrate. Nitrate is not toxic for animals and human. However, if nitrate reduces to nitrite, it can combine with hemoglobin and form met-hemoglobin. Regarding the importance of this subject, they present research was conducted to study the situation of Garden cress in terms of nitrate contamination in vegetable farms in Dezful city. Samples after being shaking, the extract was separated by centrifuge and nitro Sulfusalicylic complex. Then it was read by spectrophotometer in wave length 410 nm in front of standard solution. Results of analyses indicated that the highest amount of nitrate was seen in the north farm samples of Dezful. Results of statistical analysis revealed significant difference between nitrate amounts in areas under study. Moreover, nitrate concentration was reported less than permitted in Garedn cress. As well, nitrate concentration tested in the morning and afternoon samples showed significant difference and the highest difference was related to north of Dezful. Therefore, in order to obtain low levels of nitrate concentration, considering soil Analysis, organic cultivation, consuming organic and biologic fertilizers, micronutrients and eugenics can be regarded.

Evaluation on Application of Artificial Soil Made by Organic Wastes

Natural soil would be used for planting on paved area ground, but it had been replaced by the light weighted artificial soil to minimize burden of the structure. But, the existing light weighted soil had nearly capacity of fertilizer adsorption due to its glassy surface. In this study, the artificial soil prepared by sewage sludge was manufactured, tested characteristics as soil and examined on planting. The developed soil was analyzed through specific gravity, pH, water content, volatile matter and was tested on adsorption capacity of Cu. In addition, planting examination analyzed the leaf growth of planting and mouseear cress plant's pollen. As the result, the developed artificial soil showed to be color yellowish brown, bulk density 0.6g/cm3, pH 8~9, volatile matter 0.3, CEC 10, pressure strength 25 ton/m2, hydrophilic and non-toxic, which was suitable for rooftop gardening. Also, periodic growth rate and development of leaves was satisfactory as natural soil and growth and numbers of pollens were good. Consequently, the developed artificial soil with porosity and capacity of fertilizer adsorption could be usefully applicable to planting on the paved area.

Construction of a Plant Transformation‐ready Expression cDNA Library for Thellungiella halophila Using Recombination Cloning

Abstract Salt cress (Thellungiella halophila), a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L., is an extremophile that is adapted to harsh saline environments. To mine salt‐tolerance genes from this species, we constructed an entry cDNA library from the salt cress plant treated with salt‐stress by using a modified cDNA synthesis and an improved recombination‐assisted cDNA library construction method that is completely free of manipulations involving restriction enzymes and DNA ligase. This cDNA library construction procedure is significantly simplified and the quality of the cDNA library is improved. This entry cDNA library was subsequently shuttled into the destination binary vector pCB406 designed for plant transformation and expression via recombination‐assisted cloning. The library is plant transformation ready and is used to transform Arabidopsis on a large scale in order to create a large collection of transgenic lines for functional gene mining.

In silico characterization of the family of PARP-like poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferases (pARTs).

BackgroundADP-ribosylation is an enzyme-catalyzed posttranslational protein modification in which mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases (mARTs) and poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferases (pARTs) transfer the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD onto specific amino acid side chains and/or ADP-ribose units on target proteins.ResultsUsing a combination of database search tools we identified the genes encoding recognizable pART domains in the public genome databases. In humans, the pART family encompasses 17 members. For 16 of these genes, an orthologue exists also in the mouse, rat, and pufferfish. Based on the degree of amino acid sequence similarity in the catalytic domain, conserved intron positions, and fused protein domains, pARTs can be divided into five major subgroups. All six members of groups 1 and 2 contain the H-Y-E trias of amino acid residues found also in the active sites of Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A, while the eleven members of groups 3 – 5 carry variations of this motif. The pART catalytic domain is found associated in Lego-like fashion with a variety of domains, including nucleic acid-binding, protein-protein interaction, and ubiquitylation domains. Some of these domain associations appear to be very ancient since they are observed also in insects, fungi, amoebae, and plants. The recently completed genome of the pufferfish T. nigroviridis contains recognizable orthologues for all pARTs except for pART7. The nearly completed albeit still fragmentary chicken genome contains recognizable orthologues for twelve pARTs. Simpler eucaryotes generally contain fewer pARTs: two in the fly D. melanogaster, three each in the mosquito A. gambiae, the nematode C. elegans, and the ascomycete microfungus G. zeae, six in the amoeba E. histolytica, nine in the slime mold D. discoideum, and ten in the cress plant A. thaliana. GenBank contains two pART homologues from the large double stranded DNA viruses Chilo iridescent virus and Bacteriophage Aeh1 and only a single entry (from V. cholerae) showing recognizable homology to the pART-like catalytic domains of Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A.ConclusionThe pART family, which encompasses 17 members in the human and 16 members in the mouse, can be divided into five subgroups on the basis of sequence similarity, phylogeny, conserved intron positions, and patterns of genetically fused protein domains.