Credibility Trust Research Articles

The Influence of Social Media Marketing and Influencer Marketing on Consumen Behaviour (Case Study of Gen-Z In Kota Depok, West Java)

This study examines the influence of Social Media Marketing (SMM) and Influencer Marketing on the consumer behavior of Generation Z (Gen Z) in Depok City, West Java. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 100 respondents through an online questionnaire. The findings from the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that both Social Media Marketing and Influencer Marketing significantly affect consumer behavior. Social Media Marketing, which is measured through variables such as content engagement, brand awareness, interactive features, and ad recall, has been shown to increase consumer engagement and influence purchasing decisions among Gen Z. Meanwhile, Influencer Marketing, which encompasses trust in influencers, influencer credibility, purchase intention, and content quality, plays a critical role in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of Gen Z consumers, leading to increased brand loyalty and purchase intentions. The study's coefficient of determination (R²) value of 78.1% suggests that these variables collectively explain the majority of the variability in consumer behavior among Gen Z in Depok City. These results align with previous research, underscoring the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies in shaping consumer behavior and offering valuable insights for businesses targeting Gen Z through social media and influencer channels.

CREDIT: A Credible Trust Framework for Dynamic Mobile Data Pricing Enforcement

CREDIT: A Credible Trust Framework for Dynamic Mobile Data Pricing Enforcement

Service Reputation and Customer Loyalty in Ocean Freight Forwarders: An Exporters’ Perspective in Mindanao Regions

Customer loyalty is a vital component for businesses to achieve success and growth and that gaining customer loyalty can be sustainable by building a positive reputation. This study investigated the influence of customer satisfaction and trust as dimensions of the reputation of Ocean Freight Forwarders on customer loyalty. Data were collected from 180 exporting companies in Mindanao and a survey questionnaire was administered. A descriptive correlational design was employed, and the results showed positive and statistically significant relationship between customer loyalty, satisfaction, and trust. The findings revealed that exporters perceive ocean freight forwarders' reputation as highly satisfactory in terms of technical and functional qualities, and they have a very high level of trust in forwarders' benevolence and credibility. The results also showed strong loyalty in all dimensions of customer loyalty. Thus, the practical implications of this study are clear: prioritizing customer satisfaction and maintaining trust by the forwarders are essential for establishing a strong reputation. Therefore, ocean freight forwarders should consider these findings and continuously evaluate and improve their trust image and customer satisfaction strategies to enhance customer loyalty and maintain a competitive position in the dynamic export industry.

Trust in Media and journalism credibility in the sea of misinformation

Public trust is a crucial factor in numerous social activities, including journalism. For journalists and news organizations, credibility serves as a prerequisite that allows for competitive distinction, public recognition, and social authority within the information market. Despite this, in recent years, there has been growing concern regarding the declining confidence in the news media. This trend also extends to other sectors of contemporary life, such as governments and companies, resulting in a crisis of institutional trust. This pervasive distrust adds to an intense atmosphere of disinformation, further undermining the consensual notions of truth and reliability, which are essential to information systems. In this article, we address the challenges associated with measuring trust in media and journalism, shed light on additional difficulties stemming from the post-truth era, and present insights into an ongoing proposal for measuring credibility in the Global South.

“I think exactly the same”—trust in SMIs and online purchase intention: a moderation mediation analysis using PLS-SEM

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effect of homophily between trust in social media influencers (SMIs) and credibility of the post in influencer marketing by incorporating the similarity attraction theory (SAT) and analysing the effect of trust in SMIs on online purchase intention and credibility of the post. This study also explored the mediating role of influencers’ credibility of the post between trust in SMIs and online purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 417 respondents in Jaipur, India, using an online questionnaire via Google Forms. A convenience sampling technique was employed to collect the data. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses with the help of SmartPLS version 4.FindingsThe results exhibit a positive and significant influence of trust in SMIs on credibility of the post and online purchase intention. Also, this study found a positive and significant relationship between credibility of the post and online purchase intention. Additionally, credibility of the post had a positive and significant mediation role in the relationship between trust in SMIs and online purchase intention. In addition, homophily positively moderated the relationship between trust in SMIs and credibility of the post.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can be used by marketing professionals working in the e-commerce industry to ensure their continued in success using the right influencers for their specific target audiences and help them create and implement more effective promotional strategies, increasing brand awareness, announcing sales, using them for creative content and so on.Originality/valueUntil now, there has been no study in the Indian context that has tested the moderation effect of homophily between the trust in SMIs and credibility of the post by incorporating the SAT, according to the researchers’ knowledge. Furthermore, this novel piece of research explored the relationship between trust in SMIs and online purchase intention with credibility of the post as a mediator.

Pengaruh Dimensi Kredibilitas Influencer: Attractiveness, Trustworthiness Dan Expertise Terhadap Niat Membeli Pada Produk "Safi-Skincare"

This study aims to identify the influence of credibility dimensions (attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise) of influencers on intention to buy on "Safi-Skincare" products. The type of data used is primary data, which refers to information obtained directly from research subjects through measurement tools or data collection methods. In this study, we obtained data by circulating questionnaires to 250 respondents aged 16 to 35 years, and then this data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results of this research analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the dimensions of credibility (attractiveness and expertise) of an influencer on purchase intention, except for the dimension of trust in influencer credibility. There is a positive and significant influence between the dimensions of credibility (attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise) of an influencer on online customer engagement. There is a positive and significant influence between online customer engagement and purchase intention. This research has the potential to be expanded to present greater variation and increase the validity of existing theories. This can be achieved through the development of research objects, increasing the number of respondents, more in-depth research on various aspects of influencer credibility dimensions, as well as more detailed research on the influence of influencer credibility.

Coalitional Federated Learning: Improving Communication and Training on Non-IID Data With Selfish Clients

In this work, we propose a new paradigm of Federated Learning (FL) for Internet of Things (IoT) devices called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Coalitional Federated Learning</i> . The proposed paradigm aims to address the challenges of (1) non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data across clients; (2) communication overhead due to the large number of messages exchanged between the server and clients; and (3) selfish clients that seek to obtain the latest global models without efficiently contributing to the training of the FL model. Our novel paradigm consists of three main components, i.e., (1) client-to-client trust establishment mechanism that relies on subjective and objective sources to enable clients to establish credible trust relationships toward one another; (2) trust-enabled coalitional game to enable clients to autonomously form harmonious coalitions of FL trainers; and (3) coalitional federated learning in which multiple local aggregations take place at the level of each coalition to mitigate the problems of non-IID data and communication bottleneck. Extensive experiments suggest that our solution outperforms both the standard vanilla FL approach and one state-of-the-art trust-based FL approach in terms of increasing the accuracy of the global FL model and decreasing the presence of selfish devices participating in the training.

Non-Muslim Voices on Halal Certification: From Sectoral-Religious Tendencies to State-Mandated Regulations

In recent years, halal food and products have been expanding into the global economy, and today's halal market is estimated around USD 2.4 trillion globally. This article discusses the understanding and articulation of halalness and halal certification among non-Muslim business communities in Indonesia, focusing on owners of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Their voices need to be heard and responded to, especially by government agencies. Since the non- Muslim communities’ understanding of halalness is mostly based on their life experiences, it could be treated as empirical data to inform policy-making. Meanwhile, the government has issued Halal Product Assurance (JPH) Law 33/2014, which mandated the establishment of the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH). The enforcement of JPH Law is an attempt to strengthen the BPJPH’s position, but it faces challenges and conflicts of interest in politics and business. Using a qualitative approach to collect data from non-Muslim SME business players in Yogyakarta and Semarang, this study found that the articulation and understanding of halalness are narrowly sectoral, religious, and ideological. Rather than halal certification, the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) has become a more trusted certification. Therefore, the presence of the state is needed to regulate and optimize the fundamental aspects of halal certification, such as hygiene, cleanliness, and health.

LightTrust: Lightweight Trust Management for Edge Devices in Industrial Internet of Things

The phenomenal increase in the usage of Internet promotes the quality of trust in the scope of the Internet of Things (IoT). Trust is beneficial in the provision of an effective, reliable, scalable, and trustworthy environment to users of the IoT network, where they can share their private information with each other on a secure communication platform. For successful communications among the Internet users, trust is an important factor to provide them with private infrastructures and secure environments, where exchanging data among devices becomes more easy and trustworthy. Therefore, trust management is a backbone for the successful and secure transmission of data among various nodes in a large-scale IoT network. To overcome the security issues, latency, and risk of malicious activities, a lightweight approach is proposed for those nodes in Industrial IoT that cannot maintain security. LightTrust utilizes a centralized trust agent to generate and manage trust certificates that allow nodes to communicate for a specific time without performing trust computations. Trust agents also maintain a trust database to store the current trust degree for the aggregation/propagation purposes. Trust between two nodes is developed by direct observations in terms of compatibility, cooperativeness, and delivery ratio, whereas recommendations are used to develop trust in the context of indirect observations, i.e., experience or previous knowledge. The comparative simulations of the proposed and existing approaches are also performed whereby the results illustrate that the proposed approach efficiently maintains resilience and robust environments.

Blockchain tokenization of real estate investment: a security token offering procedure and legal design proposal

ABSTRACT The article addresses the legal design challenges of real estate crowdfunding, proposing potential solutions that combine blockchain technology, tokenisation, finance, and law. We propose a blockchain tokenised security design, based on a sertificate similar to Sukuk, an Islamic finance asset, that draws inspiration from Equipment Trust Certificates and is managed by a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), that may issue blockchain tokenised certificates. These certificates grant rights related to an investment property. Each series of certificates represents specific property and will be a liability of the SPV that owns the property. In general, the tokens used resemble but remain categorically distinct from asset-backed securities. Their performance still depends on the underlying asset’s performance. Most important, token owners do not become partners in the SPV but are granted fractional ownership and rights on the underlying property. The proposed token mechanism could prevent delays in the transaction process related to transferring ownership of a property. It could split at some point to allow for the creation of ownership and income rights. The proposed security design potentially protects investors’ legal rights better without standard application of investors becoming partners in the SPV while shortening the transaction times, and increasing transparency and asset liquidity.

A Cross-Domain Trust Model of Smart City IoT Based on Self-Certification

Smart city refers to the information system with Internet of things and cloud computing as the core technology and government management and industrial development as the core content, forming a large-scale, heterogeneous and dynamic distributed Internet of things environment between different Internet of things. There is a wide demand for cooperation between equipment and management institutions in the smart city. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a trust mechanism to promote cooperation, and based on this, prevent data disorder caused by the interaction between honest terminals and malicious terminals. However, most of the existing research on trust mechanism is divorced from the Internet of things environment, and does not consider the characteristics of limited computing and storage capacity and large differences of Internet of things devices, resulting in the fact that the research on abstract trust mechanism cannot be directly applied to the Internet of things; On the other hand, various threats to the Internet of things caused by security vulnerabilities such as collision attacks are not considered. Aiming at the security problems of cross domain trusted authentication of Intelligent City Internet of things terminals, a cross domain trust model (CDTM) based on self-authentication is proposed. Unlike most trust models, this model uses self-certified trust. The cross-domain process of internet of things (IoT) terminal can quickly establish a trust relationship with the current domain by providing its trust certificate stored in the previous domain interaction. At the same time, in order to alleviate the collision attack and improve the accuracy of trust evaluation, the overall trust value is calculated by comprehensively considering the quantity weight, time attenuation weight and similarity weight. Finally, the simulation results show that CDTM has good anti collusion attack ability. The success rate of malicious interaction will not increase significantly. Compared with other models, the resource consumption of our proposed model is significantly reduced.

QKPT: Securing Your Private Keys in Cloud With Performance, Scalability and Transparency

Private key (e.g., RSA key) protection is a significant issue for cloud but existing keyless or keyguard solutions suffer from performance, elasticity or applicability limitations. Recently, represented by Intel KPT, a novel keyguard architecture emerges to combine trusted platform module and crypto accelerator for achieving both security and performance. However, the straight use of KPT for private key protection may not be a good fit in cloud as it incurs challenges on protection capacity, key provisioning latency and transparency. Based on KPT-like hardware, we propose QKPT, a comprehensive key management system to bring your own private keys (BYOPK) into multi-tenant clouds. QKPT introduces a carefully-designed key wrapping layer to overcome these challenges. A small symmetric wrapping key (SWK) is generated for each tenant as the master key to resolve the former two challenges, while a special private key wrapping scheme is adopted to resolve the transparency limitation. Additionally, QKPT incorporates certificate trust to enhance the security of the SWK lifecycle and provides a hardened key server solution without expensive HSM. The evaluation shows that QKPT has a low runtime overhead ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\leq$</tex-math></inline-formula> 1.2% for SSL/TLS handshakes) and still greatly outperforms the software baseline (3.5x-17x) owing to the crypto offloading.

Ṣukūk structure for deficit financing during COVID-19 crisis

PurposeThis paper identified the ṣukūk structure suitable for deficit financing during the COVID-19 crisis. The study also explored the relevant Sharīʿah contracts that could be utilized to issue ṣukūk that is suitable for various jurisdictions and corporations in handling deficit financing during the COVID-19 crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have adopted a qualitative research approach in which primary and secondary sources available on the subject were reviewed, especially a number of cases related to ṣukūk structures prior to and during the COVID-19 crisis and analyzed their performances and drawn their conclusions.FindingsThe outcome of this paper suggests that certain ṣukūk structures used during the COVID-19 crisis aimed primarily at financing deficit have been successful. Furthermore, these ṣukūk structures are relied very much on the obligator’s/issuer’s cash flow position. It has been revealed that if the ṣukūk is structured on equity-based contracts with lower repayment amount or no payment, it would not trigger default because the nature of this ṣukūk is the sharing of profit and loss, in accordance with a Sharīʿah rule that there will be compensation for any loss only if deliberate and notable negligence is proven. However, if it is debt based or ijarah and wakalah contracts, then the payment to ṣukūk holders ought to be made as agreed and if not, it will trigger default. This payment is to be made from the cash flow of the issuer and if there is an issue in the cash flow of the issuer due to COVID-19, consent from the ṣukūk holders needs to be obtained to reschedule payment as found in the case of the Garuda Indonesia ṣukūk. However, as found in MASB’s IMTN ṣukūk case, if the cash flow of the company is good, then the chances of default are very slim. However, so far, three new ṣukūk in the middle of COVID-19 were issued, one by a corporation and two issued by a sovereign, one of which addresses the liquidity issues during the pandemic, and all these proved that ṣukūk is definitely a viable alternative mode for deficit financing and a reliable option during the COVID-19 pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper looked into the ṣukūk structure, especially the ṣukūk which are yet to mature and the new ṣukūk issued during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Practical implicationsIt is anticipated that the outcome of this research will assist the stakeholders in ṣukūk markets to understand the ṣukūk impact on COVID-19 related deficit financing and suggest various structures that could be utilized in the ṣukūk market in an unprecedented situation such as the COVID-19 economic distress.Social implicationsLooking at the social aspect of ṣukūk markets, this paper has endeavored to provide solutions to the financing of deficit for social well-being as a tool to provide relief and social stability in the lives of the people.Originality/valueThe novel COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented economic difficulties and market distress on a global scale; and this research sought to identify the relevant ṣukūk structures to be used for deficit financing during the pandemic crisis, especially the ṣukūk which are yet to mature and new ṣukūk issued during the pandemic crisis. The former includes HDFC Muḍārabah ṣukūk (2019) Maldives and MAHB ṣukūk/IMTN program (2010) Malaysia, while the latter includes IsDB Trust Certificates, Phase 2 of the tranches (2020), the Federal Government of Nigeria Road ṣukūk (May, 2020) and Sharj’ah Government two billion Dirham ṣukūk (June, 2020).

Trust of Information during the Dissemination of Popular Science Web Videos in the New Media Era.

Web videos have gradually replaced text, voice, pictures, and other information carriers to become an important way of information dissemination in the new media era. As digital technology brings a new dissemination ecology, the original dissemination trust theory and its framework are facing the crisis of explanatory power failure. This paper considers the popular science web video as an object of study. It analyses and interprets the development of popular science web videos based on the evolution of dissemination form and the basic principle of social trust, from perspectives such as mediology, informatics, and sociology. To maintain or improve the trust relationship in web videos, it's necessary to find positive incentive and reverse punishment, and establish a trust certification and regulation mechanism. In this way, active dissemination and sharing of information can be promoted for a more vigorous society and culture. Moreover, this paper explores a new way of web video development from the perspective of trust.

Factors affecting public perception of scientific information about organic foods

PurposePublic perception of health benefits derived from organic foods is often misaligned with scientific evidence. This study aims to examine the factors affecting public perception of scientific information about organic foods.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted multinominal and multiple linear regression analyses to examine associations between public perception of scientific information about organic foods and 19 factors using data from a descriptive survey (N = 763).FindingsPerceived benefits of organic foods, trust in scientists, communicator credibility, preexisting beliefs and events related to science (e.g. COVID-19) were significant predictors of public perception of scientific information about organic foods.Theoretical implicationsCognitive dissonance and recreancy theoretical frameworks help describe relationships between beliefs, science, trust and risk. These theories intersect when purchasing credence goods (i.e. organic foods) whose qualities cannot be observed during or after purchase. Hence, public trust of scientific information about perceived health benefits of organic foods may conflict with strongly held beliefs that contradict scientific findings.Practical implicationsScientists can more effectively share research findings after trust is established through the listening, asking and sharing values process. Therefore, by following the path of listening, asking and sharing the endogenous/exogenous factors in this study, scientists and the public can have meaningful conversations about perceived health benefits and nutritional values of organically and conventionally grown foods.Originality/valueCurrent research on perception factors about organic foods often examined consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions but rarely considered perceptions of scientific information about organic foods. This study examined relationships between public perception of scientific information about organic foods and endogenous/exogenous factors.

Will Artificial Intelligence Rejuvenate Islamic Finance? A Version of World Academia

Modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) uprising has transformed the world of finance and financial institutions have taken it as the unprecedented challenge to gain a competitive advantage. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Islamic finance based on Islamic finance experts’ opinions and assessments across the globe. Therefore, purposive sampling technique has been applied to collect the opinions. Narrative analysis was used to analyze the data. Henceforth, professors and associate professors were contacted through social networks such as WhatsApp, Facebook and emails messages as the author knows these experts individually. The respondents were chosen from Malaysia, UK, Qatar, Germany, Turkey, Indonesia, Brunei, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, USA, and Pakistan. Data were collected in the duration of one month. Majority of the respondents agreed that Artificial Intelligence can play an important role in almost every area. It can replicate human thinking in technical areas to a great extent. AI/Machine Learning &amp;amp; also Data Science &amp;amp; Data Analytics, can provide solutions involving automation and data...e.g banking services automation, robo-advisors, auto-trading, data services (like Reuters &amp;amp; Bloomberg), commodity trading, wealth management, rating agency services, and software (IOS/Android) development. Blockchain is separate (eg on crypto-currencies, but processing speed is slow) but anyway short term success for IF can be with Machine learning &amp;amp; Data Analytics rather than blockchain, but blockchain technology is improving and opening up new areas of application. Furthermore, in some countries, such as Pakistan, Islamic finance is personality driven. So Artificial Intelligence cannot replace actual persons in the short-run to create a credible trust. In the long-run gradually, it may be possible that robo Shariah advisory may be popular. Technology is important indeed. Maybe artificial ıntelligence will help Islamic finance to make people more financialized which is not good. However, we can look into the issue of how can we use artificial intelligence to support real sector. The Islamic banks are scaring to use partnership based financial instruments as Mudarabah and Musharakah when allocating their funds to customers. The reason is control function. Can artificial ıntelligence help to have the control of those deals? If so it is very good. Nonetheless, this study suggests that it will be great if we can archive such more systems at advance levels, but are we aware of the amount of programming to do that? Having overcome the Main framework, then Islamic Finance mitigation and Sariah framework can be adopted with less efforts. This study explores the needs and potentials of artificial ıntelligence for different avenues as it will improve the performance of Islamic Finance. However, we should specify and narrow it as Islamic finance is very broad. This study, therefore, has opened many future research opportunities in the area of artificial ıntelligence in Islamic Banking and Finance. It discovers many new avenues that contribute to the development of artificial ıntelligence in Islamic Banking. Besides, the present study appears to be the first attempt to discuss the opinions and assessments of the experts of Islamic finance from across the globe. This study also helps to add the value to the existing literature in Islamic finance and financial technology.

Divergence of Aviation Finance Markets: Lulls before the Storm or Growth?

The aviation industry is undergoing a series of layered dynamic effects to the entire business model value chain including aviation finance, leasing, and associated structured products. COVID has caused an historical exogenous demand shock and global airlines have suffered greatly; recovery is varied and uneven. There is a divergence of what has occurred since COVID and outlook geographically among the airlines (end-users), their lessors, and all of the various stakeholders in financing structures, such as aircraft asset backed securities (ABS) and enhanced equipment trust certificates (EETCs) that make up the capital structure. Debt funding has been robust for airlines with access to the capital markets, but others are less fortunate and are finding it more difficult. Financing options are diverse but are restricted among the players, given the effects of COVID. Pricing and structuring characteristics are all affected by these conditions. <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ COVID has changed the structure of demand for aircraft, and it has impacted both financing of aircraft lessors and the airlines with different effects geographically. ▪ Airlines face a bifurcation of opportunity, between larger or state-supported airlines with access to the public debt capital markets or government subsidy and smaller airlines, which have had to fall back on private capital in a challenging environment. ▪ The aircraft ABS and EETC financing environments continue to have pressures from downward aircraft pricing and 2 EETC issuance winddown cases.

Aircraft Lease Asset-Backed Securities and Aircraft Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates Workouts

The two major multiple aircraft asset financing structures—(1) aircraft lease asset-backed securitizations (ABS) and (2) enhanced equipment trust certificates (EETCs)—have been heavily impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. This article provides a brief explanation of aircraft ABS and EETCs. It also explains the conflicts of interest among investors, servicers, trustees, and other entities within aircraft ABS and EETCs. Several likely scenarios are examined regarding how aircraft ABS and EETCs will be affected by a continued economic downtown in the aircraft leasing industry. The expectation is an initial period of restructurings and workouts followed by insolvencies and bankruptcies. The various options open to investors are discussed including repossession of the aircraft. Finally, some practical steps are analyzed that stakeholders in aircraft ABS and EETCs can take to maximize their aircraft asset recovery and pricing during these challenging times. <b>TOPICS:</b>Asset-backed securities (ABS), credit risk management, financial crises and financial market history <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ This article provides a description of ABS and EETCs and the inherent conflicts of interests among stakeholders. ▪ The study discusses the effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on aircraft ABS and EETCs, including the likely scenarios that investors and airlines will face in the coming months. ▪ The article presents practical steps that stakeholders can take to maximize their aircraft asset recovery and pricing during these challenging times.

Opening up is not showing up: human volition after the pandemic

A global pandemic on the scale of Covid-19 upsets all standard decision protocols. Pressure from politicians to "open up" the economy presumes that individuals grant credible trust to politicians and merchants eager to recover customers. The asymmetric concern for safety compounds normal heuristics. The Peircean pragmatic maxim reminds us that it is the perceived effects of a post-pandemic society and economy that will drive human volition in the aftermath of Covid-19. Opening up does not equal showing up.

Locally-Centralized Certificate Validation and its Application in Desktop Virtualization Systems

To validate a certificate, a user needs to install the certificate of the root certification authority (CA) and download the certificate revocation information (CRI). Although operating systems and browsers manage the certificate trust list (CTL) of publicly-trusted root CAs for global users, locally-trusted root CAs still play an important role and it is difficult for a user to manage its CTL properly by itself. Meanwhile, the CRI access is inefficient, sometimes even unavailable, and causes privacy leakage. We revisit these problems by analyzing the TLS sessions within an organization. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to analyze CTL management and CRI access on the scale of medium-sized organizations. Based on the analysis, a locally-centralized design is proposed to manage the CTLs of all users by IT administrators and access the CRI services for all users, within an organization. We apply this design to desktop virtualization systems to demonstrate its applicability, and build vCertGuard with oVirt and KVM-QEMU. In vCertGuard, the CTLs of all virtual machines (VMs) are managed in the VM monitors (VMMs). In the CTL, the self-signed certificates of publicly-trusted root CAs are properly configured, while each locally-trusted certificate chain is specified one by one. vCertGuard accesses the CRI services for all VMs, and the downloaded CRI is cached and shared among VMs. Because most TLS servers are visited by multiple users of an organization, it reduces the cost of CRI access. Experimental results of the prototype system show that vCertGuard maintains the CTLs with a negligible overhead, and significantly improves the performance of CRI access.