Creative Women Research Articles

The Influence of BookTok on Literary Criticisms and Diversity

BookTok, a TikTok community where creators discuss and review books, influences the publishing industry as books that gain popularity on TikTok have seen mainstream success. BookTok is believed to be a diverse space where stories about marginalized identities are celebrated. This is in opposition to the traditional publishing world that is dominated by White, heterosexual, cis-gendered men. However, despite misconceptions, online spaces are notably homogeneous, and TikTok does not appear to diverge from these patterns. By analyzing 55 TikTok videos collected from the BookTok community, this study analyzes the race, gender, and sexual orientation of TikTok creators, authors, and main characters of BookTok books. This article aims to understand the effects social media applications such as TikTok have on the publishing world and to understand BookTok’s relation to diversity. While there is more gender equity among the authors of BookTok than in the traditional publishing world, there continues to be a deficiency in the prevalence of marginalized authors on the platform. Although women creators and women authors are popular on the app, most of these women are White. In addition, the authors who are most discussed on BookTok do not typically include persons of color or members of the LGBTQ+ community. The tendency for authors to write about their own experiences results in there being few characters of color and few books about members of the LGBTQ+ community. Publishing houses should prioritize increased collaboration with authors of color and LGBTQ+ authors, while also using BookTok to promote and advertise their work.

Evaluating the impact of business incubators on promoting growth and creativity in women’s projects in Jordan

The goals of the vision included economic modernization and, based on the royal directives, the necessity of doubling Jordanian women’s participation in the labor market, not in order to improve the annual growth rate but in order to invest in achieving gender parity with economic participation and women’s empowerment. Despite the presence of many obstacles to achieving this, the Jordanian government has legislated laws that help remove these obstacles, but they still need to be activated at the level of all activities, including equality between wages between males and females, etc. The study concluded with the necessity of activating the role of business incubators to empower women’s economic, political, health, educational, etc. role, with the necessity of investment and equality in the use of human capital, especially females, after rehabilitation and training, especially in the areas where women live, in order to achieve growth and creativity. The focus is on academic education only; it led to an increase in the unemployment rate among females in Jordan, and this helped them migrate from villages to the city in search of a better job opportunity. Therefore, the government’s intention to transform education into two tracks: academic, vocational, and industrial, will give women an incentive to enter into a new challenge and give them an opportunity for creativity through coordination with business incubators to develop entrepreneurial projects and enable women to achieve sustainable development.

‘Der Todtenkopf soll mir zu Ehren wegbleiben’: Ottilie Goethes Zuarbeiten für Anna Jameson

ABSTRACT This article examines Ottilie (von) Goethe's work for Anna Jameson and her preference for anonymity in the context of creative women’s struggle for self-determination. I ponder whether Goethe may have contributed illustrations in Jameson's anthology A Commonplace Book (1854), investigating for the first time their sources and, where applicable, previous discussion or publication: I can proof that the ‘Daughter of Fire’ and two compositions with cupids are reproductions of creations by the late-romantic painter Moritz von Schwind, a friend of Ottilie Goethe, while the statuette of an owlet on a youth's head from Johann Wolfgang Goethe's art collection as well as an enigmatic vignette of a skull are likely original designs. Goethe’s daughter-in-law can be connected with all three illustrations, and therefore she may have provided the drawings for the reproductions or at least have stimulated Jameson to include them in her illustrated book of excerpts, quotes, and new writings.

The problematic of feminist criticism: between the diversity of terms and the complexity of concepts

The term “feminist criticism” refers to an analytical approach that examines literary, artistic and cultural works from a gender studies perspective. Therefore, feminist criticism is linked to two fundamental axes. The first involves the study of the image of women in literature produced by men, while the second concerns the study of texts produced by creative women. Feminist criticism aims to re-establish women's value as full participants in all aspects of life, rejecting the appropriation of women and male domination. It addresses the representation of women as writers and subjects, focusing on the appropriation of female personalities within male creative frameworks and the liberation of women from male domination in feminist discourse. The present article attempts to explores the term "feminist criticism," its origins, initiators, fields, and main critics. It also addresses the diversity of terms used and the complexity of concepts associated with feminist criticism. It has been concluded that feminist criticism is primarily an ideological liberation movement rather than a purely aesthetic interrogation process. The term "feminist criticism" has sparked much debate in the literary criticism arena, between proponents and opponents. Moreover, this critical arena has witnessed terminological chaos in unifying the term and defining it precisely.

Subjectivity in Women's Writing in the Cyber Age

Women's creativity has undergone a long and difficult development. The emergence of the intangible cultural heritage "Jiangyong Nvshu" gave women an exclusive language to express their life experiences, but in the feudal historical environment, women's self-consciousness was limited, not deep or firm enough,and they could not really fight against the structure, and the subjectivity of women's calligraphy was only a restricted narrative of suffering. With socio-economic development and the rise of Internet platforms, patriarchy and male power can no longer force women to be silent, and the situation of female creators has improved. The Internet is not only a platform for amplifying women's voices, but also a field for women and their creations to be discussed and interpreted again. The era of blogging is not only a time for women to bravely break into the public sphere to write about their subjectivity, but also a time when they may be pressurized and even violated by the words of the other on the Internet. Through the qualitative research methods of purposive sampling and semi-structured in-depth interviews, this paper investigates the personal experiences of four female Internet users to understand their feelings about contemporary female creators, and analyzes their interpretations of the public opinion environment in which female creators find themselves, taking Jia Ling's personal experience and the heated debates her work Yolo as an example on the Internet.The four interviewees are student MengQianye ,editor WangYanshi, operator Pangding and YouTuber HeNan.This paper explores the limitations and possibilities of female creators' writing subjectivity in the cyber era from public figures to the creators around them, and from the experience of the creative subject to the perception of the other, from multiple levels and perspectives.

Female creators, directors and screenwriters in TV fiction production in Spain (2000 to 2020): gender inequality and characteristics of the roles

ABSTRACT This study analyses gender inequality in TV fiction production in Spain regarding the three key positions of responsibility, namely creators, directors, and screenwriters, and the characteristics of these roles. Firstly, we recorded the gender of all the individuals identified in the sample, which consists of all television series (N = 546) broadcast from 2000 to 2020 on free-to-air television and streaming platforms. Secondly, the series in which women were involved were studied across years, channels, coverage, and genres. The results reveal that women are underrepresented in all three positions, averaging 31%. Although women creators have the highest rate of gender inequality, they have benefited the most from the arrival of streaming platforms in 2016. Furthermore, women predominantly work in mixed-gender teams with a male majority and rarely do they work solely or in all-female teams, especially among screenwriters.

SPACES OF ART CULTURE ORGANIZATION CREATED BY WOMEN INTELLECTUALS OF THE 17TH CENTURY

Background. The concepts of cultural space and cultural space were analyzed by A.Ya. Flier, L.P. Repina and others. In Western European culture of the 17th century, the problem of the place and role of a woman creator became more acute. The beginning of the present of women’s creativity originates in those times. Women's intellectual culture is a mental and verbal foundation created by creative women of a specific historical era and a specific country. The relevance of the study of women's intellectual culture of the 17th century is associated with the revival of the awareness of women creators of the past and the destruction of stereotypes in relation to women's creativity. The article analyzes the aspect of the organization of women's intellectual culture of the 17th century in order to identify the spaces in which women creators created works of art. Methods. While analyzing cultural institutions, an axiological approach is used with the inclusion of an anthropological component. While analyzing the space of art culture organization, methods such as analysis of the physical characteristics of the space, its internal structure, functions, values, place and role of creators in it and the results of their creative activity are used. Results. Creative women in the 17th century create their own spaces for the production of artistic cultural objects. Such spaces are monastery, female academy, salon, and Women’s Republic of Letters. Conclusion. The closed spaces for the organization of women's intellectual culture were monastery and female academy, where works of art were created within the framework of tradition. The open space was the salon, which created favorable conditions for creative innovation. In the space of Women’s Republic of Letters the new principles of upbringing and education were worked out.

Female Genealogy and Cultural Memory in Georgia

Three generations of women creators of Georgian cinema belonging to the same family, the Gogoberidze family, will form the basis for this research, which aims to explore the notion of female genealogy through a multimodal ethnography. What type of memories does this female genealogy shape and how is it shaped by them? My research combines bibliographical research, interviews, and film analysis. By doing so, I examine how family memories as story-telling cross different expressive media and bridge generations by postulating the role of affective memory as key factor for the formation this genealogy. In addition to that, I pinpoint to the fact of the creative resignification of genealogy as part of these women’s engagement with cinema but also the social struggles of their times (feminism, anti-Russian politics, etc.).

Entrepreneurship in the Age of Social Media

Abstract Social media is ubiquitous and continuously evolving. This study investigates the impact of social media on the intention toward entrepreneurship/self-employment. Further, we explore the moderating effect of social media on the relationships between women, self-efficacy and leisure activities on intention toward entrepreneurship/self-employment using a survey-based dataset. We find that the ability to take advantage of social media within an entrepreneurial context does not necessarily mean that an individual is propelled towards entrepreneurship, however proactive individuals are able to exhibit this characteristic, as are creative women. A counter-intuitive finding is that entrepreneurship and conventional organizational employment choices are not mutually exclusive. While risk aversion inhibits entrepreneurship as expected, contextual conditions such as being married or being employed affects men and women differently.

Lessons in Resistance, Activism, and Solidarity: Incarcerated Women and the California Coalition for Women Prisoners

Abstract: In 2000, Charisse Shumate, a co-founding member of the California Coalition for Women Prisoners (CCWP) and other incarcerated women in California gathered at a senate hearing to give testimony on medical and living conditions in prison. Incarcerated women's narratives demonstrate the key role that their critical agency played in their advocacy for a humane prison system. The narratives also illustrate women's resolve to use their voices to speak up. Women's experiences of incarceration have long been silenced and this was part of the collective experience shared at the senate hearing. The collaborative work to document the hearings as well as women's prison experiences and activism reflects an important response to women's invisibility in dominant discourses of prisons and imprisonment and the marginalization that incarcerated women experience in the broader anti-carceral movement. The California Coalition for Women Prisoners, a coalition-building organization founded by women on both sides of the razor wire, is an abolitionist feminist organization founded in San Francisco, California in 1995. CCWP practices a specific brand of activism that prioritizes and supports the voices, leadership, and creativity of women and transgender people incarcerated in women's prisons.

Gender differences in design creativity

AbstractGender is a crucial factor for creativity in design. Although the participation and recognition of successful and prominent women in the field of design seems to be increasing, many more men are still recognised and regarded as creative. This paper analyses the gender differences in design creativity. First, a summary of studies on gender differences in creativity in general is presented. It then discusses three critical aspects of gender differences in design creativity. Finally, some ways in which women's creativity can be encouraged and supported are outlined.

“Fighting against the Repressed- insanity or death?”: Comparing Tagore’s Haimanti and Gilman’s Unnamed Narrator

According to Psychoanalytic Theory, Sigmund Freud’s concept of “repression” refers to the unpleasant or unacceptable emotions that one consciously pushes aside from the conscious mind in order to escape from shame, guilt, and anxiety. These emotions remain unconscious and may return in negative forms, such as psychological disorders, nightmares, and hallucinations. This article investigates two female protagonists of Rabindranath Tagore and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Haimanti and the Unnamed Narrator, who faced serious consequences as a result of keeping their negative emotions and experiences repressed: The eponymous protagonist Haimanti in Haimanti (1914) endured torturous humiliation by her in-laws for her uncompromising honesty and not being able to fulfill the promise of giving dowry, while The Narrator in Gilman’s short story, “The Yellow Wallpaper” (1892), became a prisoner of the defective treatment named ‘rest cure’, where she lost all freedom under the complete domination of her loving but restrictive husband. Employing Sigmund Freud’s concept of “repression,” this article offers a critical comparison between the consequences of the two female protagonists, which unfolds in two ways: it underscores if and how “repression” played a role behind their negative consequences and how the same theme is represented differently across a range of time and the author’s point of view. This article contends that, in both cases, the protagonists, despite being strong and creative women or having relentless love and support from their male counterparts, stopped fighting for themselves and kept their negative experiences and emotions repressed. Consequentially, the repressed emotions returned in two hideous forms: Haimanti’s health deteriorated and she committed psychological femicide, and the Unnamed Narrator developed psychosis and completely lost sanity.

Feminist translation and resistance

The feminist issue is one of the movements raised by translation in the late twentieth century when Mary Chamberlain likened the domination of men over women to the domination of translated texts over the original texts. Hence, studies on translation and gender continued making feminist translation a means to denounce the marginalization of women and their rights. The feminist translation is a weapon to raise the voice of women and highlight their position in society. Thus, it came as a reaction to the patriarchy and the male language which marginalized women's creativity in the literature

Context and Content Analysis of the History of Female Composition in Eastern Galicia in Light of Gender Theories

For a long time, the profession of the composer was undeservedly on the periphery of the world of music and was considered not only few in terms of female representation in performance, music education and musicology, but also low-value and not worth discussing. The relevance of the article is due to the rethinking of the attitude towards female composers, including in the light of gender ideas. It is necessary to research the stories of the life and work of Ukrainian female composers from Eastern Galicia, S. Turkevich and O. Olshanetska, in order to fully return their figures to the national musical space, both in the performance and research spheres. The purpose of the article is to highlight the stories of the creative achievements of Galician female musicians. In the course of the research, the works of music critics, historians and psychologists related to the topic were analyzed. Content analysis and context analysis (biographical method), as well as analytical method, methods of comparison and systematization were chosen as the main research methods. As a result, it was established that due to ethnic gender stereotypes, gender-professional prejudices and socio-cultural features of the society of Eastern Galicia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the creativity of the mentioned female composers did not gain the necessary publicity. Despite the fact that female musicians had the opportunity to get an education and engage in creativity, the Ukrainian-Galician musical elite belittled their achievements compared to their male colleagues. While women's writing in Galicia developed rapidly and caused a public outcry, despite the innovation and boldness of ideas, traditional views on the gender issue continued to prevail in the musical sphere. Thus, the achievements of S. Turkevich went beyond the boundaries of traditionality as "too ambitious", while the works of O. Olshanetska did not have actual support for publication. The practical significance of the study is that it helps to demonstrate the influence of the socio-cultural context and stereotypes on the development of women's creativity in the musical sphere and to change the modern attitude towards them by increasing their recognition.

Webs of Self, Webs of Meaning. Three Female Fragmentary Portraits in Post-Digital Print Comics

The present paper analyses the work of three contemporary, independent women artists active in the Portuguese comics scene: Hetamoé, Joana Mosi, and Ana Margarida Matos. It provides a close formal reading of their work by following Peter Wollen's seminal article on counter-cinema. Despite the caveats of adopting whole cloth and in a clearcut manner notions from different media, there are enough commonalities and narratological features that provide stimulating comparisons. As in cinema, comics also have a broadly accepted normative understanding of comics' way of creating meaning, against which these three authors present what one can call, after Wollen, resisting formal strategies. Portuguese comics have had a troubled history, which entails a difficult economic development and the lack of wider social recognition (as a culturally relevant field). However, its most independent realms and sub-cultures have provided ample proof of engaged, informed, and inventive individual creators. Women creators are no exception to this, and this particular group shows three potentialities of opening up the field, both politically and aesthetically. Moreover, these same de/re/constructive strategies broach issues associated with identity, self-portrait, bodily matters, memory, and the very meaning-making processes at the core of their work. The feminist dimensions of their work, albeit quite varied, allow one to detect intense interpretations of the self and the role of womanhood in a broader process of self-actualization and social life. Thus, I will use Sianne Ngai's notions of "cuteness" and "animatedness" to understand the three author's specific manners of doing so, as depicted and constructed within the medium of comics.

Social Media Use Education of Digital Marketing for Disabled Women Community

The research background stems from the extensive opportunities provided by the internet, serving diverse interests within the community. The integration of new media in business has yielded significant results, bolstering the development of businesses within the community. This inclusivity extends to individuals with disabilities, particularly women, who possess the right to harness new media for creative self-development and empowerment. The research aims to: 1) comprehend how creative women with disabilities in Bandung perceive online marketing communication principles, 2) assess the ability of disabled women in Bandung to grasp online marketing communication applications, and 3) enhance the skills of disabled women in crafting creative messages for online marketing. The study employs a descriptive method with total sampling drawn from participants of social media marketing training. Data collection utilizes questionnaires, interviews, and references. The significance of entrepreneurship development training utilizing marketing communication applications for disabled women in Bandung is evident. The conclusion of this study indicate that the majority of learners comprehend the training content, albeit hindered by diverse disabilities such as blindness, deafness, and physical limitations. Consequently, a specialized approach is necessary to address these disparities. Furthermore, participants are equipped with supporting applications for content packaging and dissemination. This empowers them to navigate different digital media platforms adeptly. Communication prowess, attractive content, and design are paramount for conveying persuasive messages effectively. Participants’ reported improved communication skills as a result of the training. However, those facing physical constraints encountered difficulties and required tailored training to accommodate their limitations. In summary, the research underscores the potential of online marketing communication education for women with disabilities. This empowers them to engage in entrepreneurial endeavors, fostering personal growth and community development.
 Keywords: education, online marketing communication, women with disabilities.

Portrait of a Woman Writer: Friendship and Collaboration Between Jane Barlow and Sarah Purser

ABSTRACT The article considers how women writers and artists in the patriarchal society of turn of the century Dublin connected with, and supported one another, through correspondence, salon culture and female portraiture. Women were prominent both in contemporary political campaigns and in the arts, in which the writer Jane Barlow and the artist Sarah Purser were well-known figures. This article considers their work and careers, focusing on a close correspondence between Barlow and Purser which demonstrates their personal and professional interdependence and traces the emergence of collaborative projects. Their friendship and collaboration are embodied in an oil portrait of Barlow painted by Purser in 1894, in which Barlow sits with an open book and another nearby. It is suggested that this portrait, which brought together two creative women, helped break fresh ground in Ireland, not by simply picturing a writer, but by depicting a new kind of female subject, a woman as intellectual.

Women Creators in BoJack Horseman

BoJack Horseman is one of the productions that treats mental illness as an experience in which numerous people who are diagnosed with mental disorders, to varying degrees, are recognized. In the series, most of the characters that are diagnosed are women, of the same genealogical line who share genetic inheritance and question the meaning of life, motherhood, abortion, success and happiness. What I suggest is that the animated women in the series had everything to do with the team of female directors, creators, filmmakers, producers and illustrators who were part of BoJack Horseman and who reoriented and modified their own diagnoses of mental illness, and took them to their creative works in a therapeutic and public process, which broadened the discussion about mental illness on the television screen and outside of it. From the field of cultural studies, this observation is about women who took agency over their own mental illness diagnoses.

ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN ALGERIA BETWEEN FINANCING OBSTACLES AND PROSPECTS FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

This research paper aims to shed light on the reality of women's economic empowerment in Algeria as a goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for the year 2030. Algeria has realized the importance of integrating and empowering women socially, culturally and economically, so it worked to provide the legal environment supportive of the positive participation of women in economic activities. This is in addition to the international agreements that it has ratified to achieve the empowerment of women and activate their role in development. The study sought to answer the main question, which revolves around the challenges that women face in leading their own projects by analyzing the obstacles that women face and limit their economic contribution to society, as Algeria includes the largest percentage of women engineering graduates in the world, with a rate of 48.5% of the total engineering graduates. In the country, however, men still dominate the profession itself. In order to answer this problem, the deductive approach is relied on, with its appropriate description and analysis tools, to study the legal and financial system to support women’s entrepreneurship, confront the obstacles that prevent them from achieving their success, and put forward proposals that contribute to their pioneering leadership in the business world. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that women in Algeria face many social, administrative and economic difficulties in the field of entrepreneurship. The authorities must work to promote innovation and creativity in women's entrepreneurship projects and provide legal and financial support to develop their creativity while finding innovative ways to market and develop women's entrepreneurship projects

Empowerment of Women's Creativity at Dians Songket and Endek Housein the Village of Gelgel, Klungkung: A Perspective of Presidential Instruction

This study focuses on empowering the creativity of the women of the Songket and Endek House Dians based on the perspective of Presidential Instruction No. 9 year 2000. The formulation of the problem is as follows: (1) Why does the empowerment of the Songket and Endek House Dians women’s creativity still exist? (2) What are the implications for improving the quality of life of the population, especially women, in accordance with Presidential Instruction No. 9 year 2000? The research method is qualitative in nature supported by bibliographical data sources to sharpen the conceptual, theoretical, and analytical framework. Gender analysis is used as an alternative tool to integrate the aspirations, interests, and roles of the population, especially women who are gender responsive. The findings show that the empowerment of Dians Rumah Songket and Endek has continued to exist through the pandemic period. This is inseparable from internal factors, namely the role of business actors, and external, namely the role of development actors (government, community, BUMN). In accordance with the business vision of Dians Rumah Songket and Endek, which is to develop businesses with positive aims to improve the quality of life of residents, especially women and realize gender equality. This has directly supported the targets that must be achieved in accordance with those set out in the MDGs guidelines, including alleviating poverty and promoting gender equality.