Creation Of New Organizations Research Articles

Putting People in Little Boxes: How Scripting Processes Perform New Organizations

This paper explores the intertwinement of power, technology, and organizing, unpacking the performative dynamics through which technological tools foster the creation of new organizations. Through an autoethnographic study of a high-stakes consulting assignment dedicated to the restructuring of a large energy group, we investigated the role and effects of a piece of software that was specifically designed to help the consultant navigate the analytical complexity and political ferocity of the context. Advancing the notion of

A Reflection on The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development

Tourism is significantly contributed to economic development and it is expected to promote tourism development. Tourism industry is not only influences the economic fabric in the society and also it touches the social and moral values. Tourism creates a large amount of employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled, because it is a labour-intensive industry, which increases the foreign exchanges and local income. This industry play the vital role in the nation building and economic stability of the nation, so the entrepreneurship became a gift in tourism industry with the cause of environmentally preserved, economically beneficial and sustainable development for the localities and their development. Tourism entrepreneurship eliminates societal problems, but surge the fiscal growth and development of a country, resulting to rise in country’s GDP. Entrepreneurship in tourism related with all spheres of industry as tour operations, handicrafts, hotel industry and supplementary accommodation etc. Entrepreneurs in tourism industry are more concern with economically, socially and environmentally process in an ethical manner.Entrepreneurship is necessary for creation of new organization, construct new businesses. The tourism industry must be able to clearly understand the requirements of the process, tools and resources and also get opportunities to the entrepreneur. Tourism is part of entrepreneurship and promotion of the economic development. In this context the present study has undertaken to examine the role of Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development.

Local Political Consolidation in Bangladesh: Power, Informality and Patronage

ABSTRACTDuring the past decade Bangladesh has shifted from a competitively clientelistic two‐party system towards a dominant‐party democracy. This article analyses how the ruling party has consolidated partisan political control at the local level. Using qualitative field data from 2004 and 2016, and drawing on a post‐structural analysis of the state, it shows how this extension of power has been achieved locally through interaction between formal and informal political initiatives. Four main types of informal activity are documented, through which the extent of local political competition has been reduced: circumvention, capture, brokerage and the creation of new organizations. These insights into the changing nature of Bangladesh's long‐standing partisan politics highlight how the state's capacity to deliver local services, allocate resources and maintain stability has been enhanced through the ruling party's control of local government structures, its elimination of political opposition, and its reshaping of local patronage arrangements.

FOOD SAFETY IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGISLATION

The study aims to analyse selected legal regulations concerning the issue of food safety, regarding both health safety and protection of consumers' economic interests as well as to present institutional possibilities of consumer protection in the food market in this area. As a result of the analysis of selected legal regulations, it can be concluded that there are numerous legal acts covering the issue of food safety. Changes that occur in food law as well as creation of new organizations at the level of the European Union preventing food counterfeiting, will contribute to ensuring a higher level of consumer protection on the food market in the European Union, including Poland.

The Discussion of Social Entrepreneurship: Review of the Literature

The purpose of this article is to explore the various discussion of social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship provides a unique opportunity and assumptions to question, challenge and rethink from different perspective of management and business research. This article offers a comparative analysis of commercial entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship using a prevailing analytical model from commercial entrepreneurship. The analysis highlights key differences and similarities between commercial entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. This article also presents a framework on how to approach the social entrepreneurial process more effectively and systematically. Social entrepreneurship is a process of creating value by combining resources in new concepts. These process are intended primarily to get the opportunities to create social value by stimulating social change or achieve social needs. When viewed as a process, social entrepreneurship involves the offering of products and services but can also refer to the creation of new organizations. This article focuses and analyses the literature finding of social entrepreneurship.

Matrix organizations and cross-functional teams in the public sector: a systematic review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the empirical research on matrix organizations and cross-functional teams (CFTs) in the public sector, focussing on typical application areas and settings and on motivation for deployment and evidence of utility.Design/methodology/approachThis is a systematic literature review compiled from several electronic databases. Data cover the period from 1990 to 2015 and are confined to academic articles written in English.FindingsApplications of the matrix approach in public sector organizations are found in human resource management and performance management, service development and public procurement, and creation of new organizations or organization reform and network organizations. While the proven utility of matrix organization is often unclear, especially CFTs are linked to better organizational performance, improved coordination, internal collaboration and development of cross-boundary tasks.Research limitations/implicationsMethodological limitations relate to excluded data due to non-accessible articles.Practical implicationsThe findings have practical implications for public sector organizations in adapting to a changing environment.Originality/valueThis is the first systematic literature review of matrix management in public sector organizations.

Międzynarodowy ruch romski – zmarnowana szansa czy przyszłość narodu?

International Romani Movement – Wasted Opportunity or Future of the Nation?
 The subject of this paper is the issue of the international Romani movement and the influence of the European Union’s activities and policy on its development. The special emphasis was placed on the history of the process of mobilization of the Roma within the framework of international non‑governmental organizations and the creation of new organizations and platforms on European level involving many activists and organization from various European countries. Can we still speak about international Romani organizations or are they only a relict in the face of European integration and European umbrella organizations and initiatives? This article tries to find some answers to this question.

Entrepreneurship and process studies

Process studies put movement, change and flow first; to study processually is to consider the world as restless, something underway, becoming and perishing, without end. To understand firms processually is to accept but also – and this is harder perhaps – to absorb this fluidity, to treat a variable as just that, a variable. The resonance with entrepreneurship studies is obvious. If any field is alive to, and fully resonant with, a processual understanding of, for example, the creation of firms, it is entrepreneurship studies. This special issue is an attempt to consider the promise and potential of processual approaches to studying, researching and practising entrepreneurship. The articles in the issue attest to an increasing sensitivity to processual thinking. We argue that appreciating entrepreneurial phenomena processually opens up the field to an understanding of entrepreneurship as organizational creation – not simply the creation of new organizations but also experiments in new organizational form.

Sustainable Tourism Development in Albania through Stakeholders Involvement

Tourism is an important subsystem of the Albanian economy, considering a key factor of regional development and economic growth. To ensure the long –term success of the tourism destination on the international tourism market, it has to operate according to the principles of sustainability. The focus of many contemporary studies from the tourism development literature has been on the need of implementing development policies that are based on the principles of sustainable development. The destination can be sustainable and competitive if it attempts to reach a compromise regarding the interests of all the stakeholders. Stakeholder engagement and participatory practice is increasingly becoming a part of mainstream practice and central public policy decision making and delivery related to sustainable tourism. Sustainable development and the application of its principles to Albanian tourism are more important now than ever. It should be examined from the points of view of the key stakeholders: tourists, the local people, the tourism businesses and the professionals involved in the tourism industry. Sustainable tourism development ensures guest satisfaction,steady profit coming from tourism related activities for tourism oriented businesses and growth of tourism in region, rise in standard of living of local people and protection of the environment. Partnership building in Albania is in its infancy and partnership work is essential to get the greatest benefits from the holistic sustainable tourism approach. Hall discussing policy issues regarding tourism states that: often, the problems of developing coordinated approaches towards tourism planning and policy problems, such as the meta problem of sustainability, are identified in organizational terms, e.g the creation of new organizations or the allocation of new responsibilities to existing ones. However, such a response does not by itself solve the problem of bringing various stakeholders and interests together which is an issue of establishing collaborative processes (Hall 1999, 278). The article examines the competitiveness of the Albanian destination from the viewpoints of the tourists, tourism business, local people and tourism experts. Considering each stakeholder`s role and protecting the interest of the target groups contributes in achieving and maintaining of sustainability in the tourism sector in Albania. The study aims identifying their attitudes towards sustainability and their points of connection as well that assist with promoting the interests of the target groups. It is critical to note that the participatory engagement of stakeholders is perhaps the most important component of the planning and development of the Albanian destination. It can be described as a process of maturity from initial stages to more developed and self-sustaining stages. Questionnaires were used for gathering data. They were designed for all four target groups. The questionnaires included both open-ended and closed questions. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n2p313

Timely Creation of New Organizations: The Imprinting Effects of Entrepreneurs' Initial Founding Decisions

In an attempt to explain why some new organizations are established faster than others, we have adopted the perspective that the timely emergence of an organization can be understood and predicted if it is viewed as being conditioned by the initial decisions of its entrepreneurs regarding their opportunities. Using a large dataset of individuals who are in the process of building their ventures in the United States, and who have been followed up on an annual basis as they go through this process, we have found empirical evidence to conclude that the characteristics of an initial opportunity have an effect on the time taken to create new organizations. Given the novelty of the relationships investigated in this study, coupled with the empirical support for some of our hypotheses, we believe our findings can shed new light on the understanding of imprinting forces for timely organization creation.

Logistique urbaine : une création de valeur par des partenariats multi-acteurs

Urban logistics has been a subject of research in its own right for about fifteen years, but still struggles to mobilize public and private actors. Both environmental and economic pressures, however, are repositioning the issues linked to the transport of goods in cities to the fore and suggest that many changes will take place in the years to come: the city, as the last step in a chain. multi-actor logistics, must absorb a growing flow of goods, which generates multiple disruptions (congestion, pollution, security, etc.) that neither elected officials nor companies can ignore. At the heart of these questions is the problem of the economic viability of the current models and of the organizations to be put in place to support the changes. This article proposes to understand how value is created in urban logistics projects and how it is shared between the different stakeholders of the projects. Precisely, we are studying the creation of new organizations integrating actors whose interests are essentially divergent. A comparison of three cases will allow us to shed light on the nature of the multi-stakeholder partnerships implemented as well as the conditions for their success.

The Worldwide Expansion of “Organization”

We offer an institutional explanation for the contemporary expansion of formal organization—in numbers, internal complexity, social domains, and national contexts. Much expansion lies in areas far beyond the traditional foci on technical production or political power, such as protecting the environment, promoting marginalized groups, or behaving with transparency. We argue that expansion is supported by widespread cultural rationalization in a stateless and liberal global society, characterized by scientism, rights and empowerment discourses, and an explosion of education. These cultural changes are transmitted through legal, accounting, and professionalization principles, driving the creation of new organizations and the elaboration of existing ones. The resulting organizations are constructed to be proper social actors as much as functionally effective entities. They are painted as autonomous and integrated but depend heavily on external definitions to sustain this depiction. So expansion creates organizations that are, whatever their actual effectiveness, structurally nonrational. We advance institutional theories of social organization in three main ways. First, we give an account of the expansive rise of “organization” rooted in rapid worldwide cultural rationalization. Second, we explain the construction of contemporary organizations as purposive actors, rather than passive bureaucracies. Third, we show how the expanded actorhood of the contemporary organization, and the associated interpenetration with the environment, dialectically generate structures far removed from instrumental rationality.

Legal institutions for enhancing and protecting forests as a carbon sink in Japan and the Republic of Korea

This paper examines legal institutions for maintaining and enhancing forests as a carbon sink in Japan and the Republic of Korea. Analysis of climate change legislation, such as laws and ordinances, can reveal the directions of policies and responsibility of relevant political actors. This paper, based on the theory of institution by Crawford and Ostrom, investigated legal institutions with a focus on actors, contents of their activities and types of responsibility. Legal institutions specify required, permitted and forbidden activities of stakeholders. The analysis of legal institutions revealed that Japanese and Korean legislations require national plans, and strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change, including policies for enhancing and protecting forests as carbon sinks. The climate change laws and ordinances encourage the creation of new organizations for the efficient mitigation of climate change. They call for the establishment of climate change centers, voluntary participation by the private sector and better communication among various sectors. Fundamentally the laws and ordinances support policy integration among various sectors and between central and local governments. Japanese and Korean legislations distinctly facilitate forest carbon offset activities by various actors. This paper's findings reveal the features of integration and governance of legal institutions on climate change and forestry in Japan and the Republic of Korea. The legal approach by two countries could be useful for other countries in designing legal institutions to regulate climate change with respect to the role of forestry.

Exploring the evolution of supporter networks in the creation of new organizations

Networks are important to entrepreneurial success. However, most research in this area to date has merely addressed the what; namely, what types of networks enable success. We seek to extend this stream of research by answering the how and the why. In so doing, we elaborate on how entrepreneurs can develop their networks, arguing that in order to create new organizations, nascent entrepreneurs must acquire resources from an increasingly diverse set of relatively stronger and weaker ties throughout the emergence phase. We then hypothesize why this evolutionary path is effective across the various dimensions of tie strength. Analyzing data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics I (PSED I) with multilevel random coefficient growth curve modeling, we find strong support for our hypotheses. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for both academics and practitioners.

Exploring the Evolution of Supporter Networks in the Creation of New Organizations

Abstract Networks are important to entrepreneurial success. However, most research in this area to date has merely addressed the what; namely, what types of networks enable success. We seek to extend this stream of research by answering the how and the why. In so doing, we elaborate on how entrepreneurs can develop their networks, arguing that in order to create new organizations, nascent entrepreneurs must acquire resources from an increasingly diverse set of relatively stronger and weaker ties throughout the emergence phase. We then hypothesize why this evolutionary path is effective across the various dimensions of tie strength. Analyzing data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics I (PSED I) with multilevel random coefficient growth curve modeling, we find strong support for our hypotheses. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for both academics and practitioners.

Stand by Me

Over 250 new nonprofit organizations were founded in the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. This study explores the characteristics of those organizations, the role they played and founders' motivations. The creation of new organizations is compared to the Disaster Resource Center's typology of organized responses to disaster. The study finds that classification of the organized response to recovery efforts following 9/11 requires a different typology and identifies two elements: derivative and unaffiliated organizations. Most of the new 9/11 organizations were temporary and defined long-term recovery as one to two years; those that endured five years had close institutional or experiential ties to victims’ families. New organizations created in response to disaster have a shorter lifespan than other populations of new organizations. The study indicates that the setting of a disaster and how its victims are defined affect the kinds of organizations people create, their role and endurance.

The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries: IV: Global Access Strategies

This paper offers a framework for managing a comprehensive Global Access Strategy for new vaccines in developing countries. It is aimed at strengthening the ability of public-sector entities to reach their goals. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation have been leaders in stimulating the creation of new organizations – public/private product development partnerships (PDPs) – that seek to accelerate vaccine development and distribution to meet the health needs of the world's poor. Case studies of two of these PDPs – the Salmonella Anti-pneumococcal Vaccine Program and the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative – examine development of such strategies. Relying on the application of innovation theory, the strategy leads to the identification of six Components of Innovation which cover all aspects of the vaccine innovation process. Appropriately modified, the proposed framework can be applied to the development and introduction of other products in developing countries including drugs, and nutritional and agricultural products.

Vox Populi: Resource Partitioning, Organizational Proliferation, and the Cultural Impact of the Insurgent Microradio Movement

Research on social movements has emphasized the origins of cultural movements, but has said little about how they impact popular culture through the creation of new organizations. The production of culture perspective asserts that market concentration in cultural industries inhibits diversity, but is silent about how social movements challenging corporate capitalism spur organizational birth. Organizational ecology describes how market concentration triggers anti–mass production movements, but has not examined whether the diversity of new organizations alters consumer behavior. The authors integrate these literatures to analyze how low‐power FM (LPFM) radio stations arose in response to the domination of radio by corporate chains and investigate the impact of LPFM stations on radio listening. Implications for the study of social movements, organizational ecology, and the production of culture are outlined.

Caste Embeddedness and Microfinance: Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Andhra Pradesh, India

This paper examines how the introduction of a new set of institutional practices through the creation of new organizations bump up against, but also build on, the existing social structure and practices of the setting in which they are introduced. In this case, the new practices were cooperative governance and financial accounting practices introduced through the medium of cooperative organizations into villages in Andhra Pradesh, by the Cooperative Development Foundation (CDF) during the 1990s. The paper demonstrates how the CDF both built on and challenged the existing social structure of the villages in which their cooperatives developed. In particular, the paper shows that the new institutional rules the cooperatives implemented interacted with the existing caste and gender structure in a variety of ways that included direct conflict, mutual support, and indifference.

Institutional Change for Sustainable Development. By ROBIN CONNOR AND STEPHEN DOVERS [Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, Edward Elgar, 2004, 264 pp, ISBN 1 84376 569 1, Hardback, 59.95

In Institutional Change for Sustainable Development , the authors set as their objective an assessment of a selected number of institutions established or adapted for responding to the challenges of sustainable development, to inform further policy-making and institutional reform in a modern democracy. The example used throughout the book of such a modern democracy is Australia, but as the authors note, their conclusions are of global rather than merely local application (p 2). Institutions are broadly defined in Part I of the book as encompassing the ‘notion of a system of decisions, rules and agreements that involves structural links between existing organizations, and possibly the creation of new organizations, for the implementation of policy’ (p 19). Drawing on the work of scholars such as Douglass North, Connor and Dovers conceptually distinguish institutions from organisations, and this is reflected in their choice of case studies which form the basis of Part II of the book. Only two of the five case studies concern an institution which might also be described as an organisation: Chapter Three, in which the European Union’s (EU) commitment to sustainable development is assessed, and Chapter Five, which explores the relatively recent creation of national councils for sustainable development (NCSDs). The remaining studies examine juridical responses (actual and potential) to the challenges of sustainable development. Chapter Four evaluates the success of the New Zealand Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). The RMA constitutes a relatively early legislative development designed to respond to demands that environmental concerns be incorporated into local and national decision-making processes. The integration of environmental and sustainability considerations into policy-making through the development of strategic environmental assessment processes is a more recent phenomenon and comprises the fourth case study in the book (Chapter Six). Lastly, the possibilities offered by property rights instruments for the efficient and sustainable allocation of scarce resources are assessed and critically analysed in Chapter Seven. In Part III, the authors draw tentative conclusions on lessons learnt from each of the case studies and suggest principles which might be applied to institutional reform within Australia.