Creation Of Museum Research Articles

Decline and restoration of a typical silvo-pastoral mountain landscape in the Italian Apennines. The case of Moscheta in Tuscany

Mountain cultural landscapes of southern Europe have been affected during the 20th century by significant land use changes, due to depopulation and abandonment of traditional agro-silvo-pastoral practices. In addition, the cessation of traditional forest management led to a homogenization of forest structures and to the loss of habitats. Italy is one of the European countries most affected by the consequences of depopulation of mountain areas. Moscheta is located in the Italian Apennines, in Tuscany, and its economy has been based for centuries on forests (for timber, firewood, charcoal, and chestnuts to produce flour) and livestock. The aim of the paper is to analyze the land use changes occurred in a typical forest mountain landscape of southern Europe in the last 191 years, and to describe the characteristics and the results of the Forest Landscape Restoration project recently implemented. The methodology is based on GIS-based spatial analyses comparing the landscape of 1832, 2013 and 2023. In the period 1832–2013, 45% of the total surface was affected by forestation (average rate of 1.9 ha/year) mainly due to the abandonment of pastures and wooded pastures, but also to direct conifer afforestation. Chestnut groves were abandoned as they were no more economically interesting. From the 2010s, a Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) project was implemented considering the economical, technical and future management feasibility. It focused on recovering the monumental chestnut groves and the wooded pastures, but also on interventions to increase the touristic attractiveness (paths management, Historical Landscape Museum creation, traditional buildings for chestnut drying restoration). The area was also inscribed in 2016 in the National list of Historical Rural Landscape established by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture. The analyses of the 2013–2023 landscape changes demonstrated that 4 ha of historical chestnut groves and 6.5 ha of wooded pastures have been recently restored, bringing their total surface to 17 ha and to 67 ha, respectively. In addition, results demonstrate that forestation completely stopped in the last 10 years. Other interventions are planned for the future: maintenance of chestnut groves, rehabilitation of other wooded pastures, re-introduction of the traditional practice of pollarding on ten beech trees. This study represents the first assessment of the FLR carried out in Moscheta, and demonstrates that the restoration of open spaces and of cultural forests is possible and could have a big impact on mountain cultural landscapes, contributing to the preservation and enhancement of ecosystem services and of touristic attractiveness, with potential direct benefits on the local economy.

On the question of the use of the museum of the Ukrainian military medical academy and museums of the city of Kyiv in military-patriotic education

The creation of the military medical museum of the UVMA and the organization of a comprehensive study of the history of military medicine strengthened the scientific and cultural potential of the educational institution, created an atmosphere of involvement of the UVMA staff in the centuries-old traditions of military medicine in Ukraine, and gave a new impetus to the military and patriotic education of students. In addition, the creation of the museum made it possible to strengthen the representative functions of UVMA, create an additional factor of successful communication and establishment of business and professional contacts with colleagues in Ukraine and abroad, contributed to the organization of a meaningful cultural program for the stay of various delegations and individual officials at the academy. Museums of military and military medical educational institutions acquire special importance in the conditions of a full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The demand is put forward to them to truthfully reflect the military resistance of Ukraine for the preservation of its own state independence, which began in 2014, by various museum means. With the help of photo and video materials, documents, fragments of weapons, transformed into museum exhibits, it is necessary to depict the long, exhausting, tragic and at the same time heroic struggle of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which turned into a national war of Ukraine against Russian aggression from February 24, 2022. Relevance of research. In accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine, the educational process carried out in educational institutions combines three components: the educational process, the scientific process and the educational process. The educational process, as an important integral component of the educational process, is aimed at forming in those who study patriotism, respect for the state language and state symbols of Ukraine, a careful attitude to national, historical, cultural values, the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people, the need in case of need to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. This direction of educational activity acquires special importance in the conditions of a full-scale war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The valuable experience of the organization of medical support of the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine during the years of armed resistance to the military aggression of the Russian Federation should be highlighted in a museum exhibition. The need for military-patriotic education is determined by the requirements that the state and society apply to servicemen, the Military Oath and the Statutes of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Activities of military and patriotic education in higher military educational institutions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are carried out in the format of lectures, discussions, meetings with veterans, organization of thematic exhibitions, museum expositions.The purpose of the study is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of materials that highlight the specific results of using the museum of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the museums of the city of Kyiv in the military and patriotic education of students. Materials and methods. The information base of the article consists of materials that highlight the impact of military-patriotic education activities on students of UVMA (excursions to museums of UVMA and the city of Kyiv, meetings with veterans of the medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, prominent Ukrainian public and cultural figures, leaders and members of foreign delegations of military medical services NATO member countries, etc.). Current visual content (photo materials) is attached. The article uses general scientific methods - analysis-synthesis and special historical methods: historical-systemic and biographical.

Museums lobbied by local communities: potential and actual place of the people in participatory museums of local history

ABSTRACT The article discusses the establishment of two local museums which were co-created by local communities: the Museum of Podgórze in Krakow and the Praga Museum of Warsaw – two museums devoted to districts of major cities; however, neither of them is autonomous, but part of, respectively, the Museum of Krakow and the Museum of Warsaw. In both cases communities were critical in establishing the institutions, and once opened, both needed to renegotiate their positions in the community – they gained prestige and power, but lost flexibility, freedom and some energy. The main question in the article is whether local communities are treated as an object or have some real influence on museums, particularly in their programming and philosophy. The article demonstrates that while the public and local communities are largely involved in the process of creation of museums, their role in museums functioning diminishes when newly established institutions are opened. Formalisation and bureaucracy of museums, despite attempts of some staff members, considerably challenges and hinders participation.

The Return of African Antiquities and the Ambiguity of the “Romantic” Colonial: Nigeria Magazine and the Benin and Ife Bronzes

The Return of African Antiquities and the Ambiguity of the “Romantic” Colonial: Nigeria Magazine and the Benin and Ife Bronzes Terri Ochiagha Introduction On 29 April 2021, the German government announced that a “substantial number” of Benin bronzes, looted amidst extreme violence from the Kingdom of Benin in present-day Nigeria by British colonial forces in February 1897, are scheduled for return to the country in 2022, to be permanently held at the Edo Museum of West African Art when it opens in 2025.2 The ownership of these antiquities, currently in the custody of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz) and the thousands of exemplars held in other Western museums, educational institutions and private collections, has been politically fraught for decades.3 Germany’s decision follows on the heels of recent agreements between the Legacy Restoration Trust—a Nigerian organisation tasked with the restitution of Nigeria’s artistic treasures, born out of discussions among the Oba of Benin, the Benin Dialogue Group, the Edo State Government, Nigeria’s National Commission for Museums and Monuments—and a number of Western individuals and institutions.4 In recent years, the momentum of Rhodes Must Fall, Black Lives Matter and the Report on the Restitution of African Cultural Heritage: Toward a New Relational Ethics (better known as the Sarr-Savoy Report5) has reinvigorated global debate around the restitution of African art, originally impelled by “African intellectuals, politicians and museum professionals just after 1960.”6 Contemporary conversations, concluded agreements and ongoing negotiations mark a historical watershed. The demands for the return of African cultural objects in Nigeria antedate self-rule, however. A traditional ruler, Akenzua II (1899–1978), the Oba of Benin, initiated the first documented demand for the return of looted antiquities—in this case two ceremonial stools—in February 1935.7 Almost coetaneously, the first sustained fight for the return of antiquities and the creation of museums in Nigeria emerged and found expression in a periodical linked to the colonial education department: The Nigerian Teacher (1933–36) and its successor, Nigeria. The founding editor, Edward Harland Duckworth, spearheaded the discussion of these matters in the magazine, in collaboration with fellow education officer Kenneth C. Murray, who eventually became Nigeria’s first Surveyor of Antiquities. Murray’s role as the “founding father of the Nigerian museum movement” has received a degree of scholarly attention.8 Duckworth’s involvement—which was mostly discursive, but occasionally manifested as direct lobbying—has been discussed but cursorily,9 despite the magazine’s key role in the dissemination of the value of Nigerian art in the colony and the metropole. Concentrating on the years of Duckworth’s editorship of The Nigerian Teacher and Nigeria (1933–1953), this article fills a gap in the long history of the returns movement by examining the magazine’s discursive interventions in the light of the colonial educational contexts that framed them. It argues that the magazine was central and not ancillary to the political manoeuvres that underpinned the fight for the return of antiquities, and zooms in on the connection between Nigeria’s “romantic” cultural militancy and its “adaptationist” educational ethos, as well as the psycho-political implications of Nigeria’s self-appointed role as arbiter of culture and artistic taste. Despite the considerable material and legislative achievements of Nigeria’s returns crusade, it operated in ideologically muddied waters that were simultaneously aligned with and at odds with changes in colonial policy in the wake of World War II, a fact that thwarted its cultural and educational potential. An unlikely champion of the Arts In 1931, Nigeria’s colonial Director of Education, E.R.J. Hussey, recruited Edward Harland Duckworth (1894–1972) with the title of Inspector of Education to reconfigure science teaching in Nigerian secondary schools, with particular emphasis on the elite government colleges. His work mostly consisted of mapping out pedagogical principles and reporting on their application in both government and mission secondary schools. Two years into their close personal and professional relationship (at this time, Duckworth’s inspectorial duties were becoming somewhat superseded by public relations administrative tasks at the Education Department’s headquarters), Hussey appointed Duckworth to revive the dormant Bulletin of Educational Affairs...

РОЗВИТОК ТУРИСТИЧНОГО БІЗНЕСУ В РЕГІОНІ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article examines the main functions of tourism business development in the Sumy region under martial law. The directions for the restoration and development of tourism in the post-war period have been clarified. It was analyzed which types of tourism were promising for the region and how tourism changed after the start of the war. The problems encountered by tourism business enterprises and the factors hindering the development of tourism in the community were studied. It has been established that the prospects for the development of tourism in the Sumy region are primarily related to the improvement of the tourism management mechanism at all levels; restoration of the functioning of tourist locations; modernization of tourist facilities at the expense of grant funds; the formation of a new heritage - the creation of museums, memorials, expositions, memorial sites; development of memory routes, opening of new interesting attractions. In the process of research, it is important to develop proposals for promotion effectiveness of tourism management at the regional level in the post-war period. In order to form practical recommendations for the strategic recovery of the tourism industry and the improvement of the mechanisms of economic sectors, taking into account the challenges of wartime, a comprehensive study of the problem faced by tourist Sumy region during the war. The theoretical and applied analysis of the current state of the tourism industry in Ukraine was carried out using logical, analytical and system-structural search methods. The study is based on the data of a sociological survey conducted as part of the Estonian-Ukrainian research project Development of Ukrainian border communities and tourism business in the conditions of war and strategies for the future". The research results made it possible to develop ways of post-war reconstruction of the tourism industry. First of all, attention should be paid to the development of security for the resumption of tourist trips. It is necessary to hold a number of lectures with travel companies on travel safety. It is also necessary to develop a tourism development program for the Sumy region with specific defined tasks. Prospective directions are: establishment of cooperation with public organizations, charitable funds and potential investors regarding the implementation of joint initiatives and grant projects for the restoration of tourism; activation of community participation in international tourism projects; strengthening the exchange of information with the regions of Ukraine and other countries The results of the research can be used in the formation of the tourism development strategy and the design of regional target programs in the wartime period.

Representation of the Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War in the Historical and Cultural Landscape of the Cross-Border Region

The article deals with the formation and representation of the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War in the cross-border territory of the Augustów Canal (the border areas of Belarus, Poland and Lithuania). The subject of the research is the fates of the servicemen of the 68th Grodno Fortified Region, who were the first to receive the attack of the Nazi troops in June 1941. The research uses the archival documents, published and unpublished memoirs of the direct participants of the events, results of the research of the battlefields on the territory of Belarus and Poland. The author believes that for the formation and representation of collective historical memory and identity the results of research using special historical methods and active use of various forms of commemorative practices are relevant: publication of scientific and popular scientific literature, which popularizes the historical and cultural heritage of the region, inclusion of monuments and memorial places in the State List of Historical and Cultural Values, installation of monuments, memorial signs and information posts, development of tourist routes and carrying out military-historical reconstructions, creation of museums and museum expositions.

Dark Tourism and Social Mobilization: Transforming Travelers After Visiting a Holocaust Museum

A critical gap in the dark tourism literature concerns the possibility of social mobilization outcomes after taking part in dark tourism experiences. While a crucial driver behind the creation of museums focusing on war and genocide is to prevent their reoccurrence by socially mobilizing travelers, few studies look at whether travelers can become socially mobilized and take actions for human rights. We apply the Framing Theory of Social Action to investigate whether travelers employ framings in their discourse to reveal social mobilization outcomes after visiting exhibits at a Holocaust Museum. Travelers engage in photo-elicitation and in-depth interviews about their post-experience of visiting exhibits that are focusing on the Holocaust, women’s rights, and apartheid at Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center (IHMEC). Travelers suggest they engage in the main form of social mobilization outcomes: feeling empowered, pursuing remembrance and education, and identifying societal issues that warrant mobilization.

Empires of Antiquities: Modernity and Discovery of the Ancient Near East, 1914–1950

Empires of Antiquities: Modernity and Discovery of the Ancient Near East, 1914–1950

Contribution of Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) to the development of museum field

In May 2022, the 315th anniversary of the birth of Carl Linnaeus was celebrated. He was the famous Swedish naturalist and taxonomist of wildlife. During his life, he studied many natural sciences: botany, zoology, mineralogy, assay and others. He devoted several years to practical medicine. His significant role in the development of natural science is reflected in numerous publications. However, his contribution to the development of museum field is not mentioned at all or mentioned in passing. In fact his activity was closely connected with collections, the development of their storage and the creation of museums. There is no separate publication on this topic among Russian museological researches, so it seems necessary to fill this gap. The article is devoted to the role of Carl Linnaeus in the history of the development of museum field. The authors trace the life story of Carl Linnaeus, highlighting the important episodes that he devoted to museum activities. They included his work on the description and storage of famous European collections, the research of his own natural science collection and the publication of their results. Also he has constructed a building for manuscripts and collected natural materials. For many years Carl Linnaeus studied the flora and fauna of Sweden, as well as the way of life and customs of the peoples who inhabited its northern part. His trip to Lapland played an important role for the development of European local lore and ethnography. Other scientific works raise issues of terminology and principles of storage and description of natural science collections. The article reveals the history of the Uppsala Botanical Garden, the Linnaean Museum of Natural History and its collection, the contents of several scientific works and dissertations and the contribution of Linnaean Russian students to the development of domestic scientific knowledge and museum practice.

«Музеи для общества»: о работе коллекционеров в городах Иркутской губернии во второй половине XIX века

Relevance. In the second half of the 19th century, there was a noticeable increase in the interest of citizens in museums, which is confirmed by the preserved historical documents. The plots presented in the article make it possible to understand the principles and directions of work of collectors in the cities of the Irkutsk province. As a result of the study of objects, the creation of art, ethnographic collections of museum funds, the research capabilities of scientists are expanding. The purpose is to trace the process of organizing the work of collectors in the cities of the Irkutsk province to develop the museum space as a center of the scientific community in the second half of the 19th century. Objectives: to identify documents from the collections of the archives of Irkutsk, which give an idea of the main stages in the formation of thematic areas of museum collections; follow the work of collectors as part of scientific teams in the creation and design of expositions and exhibition spaces; consider the areas of work of collectors in the acquisition of museum collections; determine the role of collectors in understanding the significance of museums for the development of Siberian society and the study of the region. Methodology. When writing the article, the following are included: the principle of historicism, objectivity, scientific character, problem-chronological and historical-genetic methods. Results. In the collections of the archives of Irkutsk there are documents that confirm the versatile work of col-lectors to maintain the museum business. In the second half of the 19th century, there was an increased interest of citizens in museums as scientific and educational centers for the study of the cultural and natural wealth of the region. Conclusions. Collectors of the Irkutsk province unite in the process of holding events organized by various museum spaces. The involvement of many citizens in significant exhibition and educational projects confirms that the public participated in the creation of museums. An increased interest in the study of the region was manifested as a result of determining the importance of museums for the development of society. Documents about the museum at the East Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society made it possible to restore the work of collectors.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF MUSEUM PEDAGOGY AS AN INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

General trends in the development of Ukrainian society have highlighted the problem of pedagogical innovations in preschool education. Its development is based on national documents about innovation activities and guiding documents in education, particularly the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Regulations on the Procedure for Innovative Educational Activities”. Pedagogical innovations in preschool education institutions include the creation of museums and pedagogical activities in this specific educational environment. The General Provisions on the State Museum Policy are reflected in the Law of Ukraine “On Museums and Museum Affairs”. In general, the work of museums in our country, as it is aimed at preserving and interpreting the cultural heritage, promotes social adaptation and national identity, is a valuable factor in organizing leisure and educational work with children, is of great social and cultural importance. The study found that museum pedagogy in preschool education is a branch of pedagogical science and practical educational activities focused on teaching, education, development and transfer of cultural experience to preschool children in a museum environment. In the context of innovative processes in education, we consider museum pedagogy as a purposeful, systematic and consistent introduction of the original organization of the educational environment into the practice of preschool education institutions and, against this background, the use of innovative methods and techniques of pedagogical activity, covering a holistic educational process from determining its goal to obtaining the expected results. The influence of age and psychological features of preschoolers on the location of the museum and its separate expositions, ways of presentation of exhibits, definition of tasks of educational activity, on filling of the museum environment with concrete museum subjects is studied and characterized; the expediency of using game technologies in the process of working with preschoolers in the museum environment is substantiated; modeling of the structure of game technologies of museum work is carried out. Game technologies in museum pedagogy are based on activity and other scientific approaches. It is proved that the game is a structurally complex activity, so the use of game technology in the museum in preschool education is carried out by ensuring the full functioning of its expanded structure – motivational-target, content, procedural-operational, control-evaluation and performance components.

THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE AND POLAND: CHANGING APPROACHES AND DISCOURSE

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research on the First World War, specifically focusing on changing topics and new discourses, clarifying the place and role of the Great War in the historical memory of Ukrainian and Polish peoples over the centuries and analyzing the means of its actualization and memorialization. The research methodology is based on comparative studies aiming to shed light on convergence and divergence in the historical memory of the First World War in Ukraine and Poland over the past hundred years. The historical-analytical method is employed to characterize the Ukrainian and Polish historiography on the Great War and analyze the information space to identify current trends in representing war events, new discourses, and commemorative practices. The scientific novelty. The study highlights new approaches to the study of the First World War by historians and demonstrates the growth of its role and importance in the historical memory of Ukraine and Poland in the first decades of the XXI century. Conclusions. The First World War, though being an epoch-making event in the history of mankind for decades, was considered a "forgotten" war and received little attention in the historical research of Ukrainian and Polish scholars. In Soviet historiography, it was positioned as the war of the imperialists and did not arouse much interest. Polish historians mainly focused on studying the solution to the Polish issue during the war, the activities of Polish socialist political parties, and the revival of Polish statehood. Only in the late 90's of the twentieth century, a number of studies on the Great War appeared in Poland and Ukraine, with topics of research and discourses revealing such global phenomena as refugees, showing economic, social, and cultural aspects of the war, clarifying the personal, emotional, and psychological level of its perception by the population of warring countries. On the 100th anniversary of the beginning and end of the Great War, the popularization of knowledge about the war was intensified through the creation of special programs, documentaries and feature films, a series of interviews, TV and radio programs with famous historians discussing the main events and consequences of the war, reflecting on its lessons and prevention of future military conflicts. In Poland, the jubilee anniversaries of the war facilitated the resumption of activities to perpetuate the memory of the war participants through the installation of monuments, memorials, and the creation of museum exhibits.

Documentary heritage: fungal deterioration in Compact Discs

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the use of digital media for data storage and the creation of museums, libraries and digital archives. In particular, Compact Discs Recordable (CD-R) have become one of the most used tools for archiving documents related to cultural heritage. Many authors have investigated only the CD longevity, but very few studies have focused on their biological deterioration. The aim of this work was to examine the CD-R biodeterioration following two ways: (1) search badly preserved CD-R, showing clear degradation spots and verify that it is fungal deterioration; (2) fungal inoculation tests on blank CD-R to verify their bioreceptivity. The analysis of a badly preserved CD-R showed clear degradation spots, highlighting, after cultural and molecular analysis, the presence on the surface of three different fungi: Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma atroviride e Coniochaeta sp. For the in vitro inoculation tests we used conidia suspensions of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium chrysogenum, and we observed the growth for 6 months. At the end of experiment, both fungi colonized the CD-R surface with hyphae and mycelia clearly visible, causing also loss of material and fractal structure presence. For the CD-R use as cultural heritage archiving, the correct storage is an essential phase and, in light of the results obtained, it will be necessary not only to consider the environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity) but also the biological deterioration caused by airborne fungi. Therefore, effort needs to be taken to regularly monitor temperature and relative humidity and it is essential to periodically conduct cleaning of optical media.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORIC CITIES OF ARID REGIONS WITH THE REVIVAL OF QANAT (YAZD CITY)

Qanat is one of the cultural and geological attractions in arid regions. Iran's Qanat has become the 20th UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2016. Since the Qanat is a cultural, historical, and ecological heritage in addition to its tectonic features, it can include geotourism and, it offers potentials in planning sustainable tourism. Therefore qanat tourism with emphasis sustainable tourism can cause conservation and regeneration of this local capacity. This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the capabilities of qanats in Yazd from different aspects of tourism. Yazd city was registered as the World heritage city at UNESCO in 2017. According to the hydrologic and tourism experts, the Delphi model has been used, and the SWOT matrix has been formed. According to the AHP model, the results indicate the importance of the strengths and opportunities of the qanat of tourism in this city. The top strategies for tourism boom include investment, the participation of indigenous people, and the creation of museums and Qanatel in qanats.

The Offsite Collection Storage Project for the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago, Chile) 2009-2019

As a result of almost 200 years of scientific activity and the enactment of different legal mandates, including specific requirements stipulated by the National Monuments Act of 1970, the collections of the Chilean National Museum of Natural History (MNHN, founded in 1830) have grown considerably since the museum's creation. However, it has been impossible to fulfill optimal preventive conservation requirements in the current building, which dates to 1875. After the problem was identified, a collection management project was implemented: one that included setting up off-site storage to house the existing collections at MNHN and include room for growth. The challenge was to secure funding for an off-site building that would fit the purpose; meanwhile, the collections needed to be prepared for the move. The project was carried out over 10 years, between 2009 and 2019, and succeeded in improving a significant percentage of the total collection. This article discusses this unique national project as a case study, describing the processes carried out to complete it, its challenges, and the main lessons learned.

Role of S. V. Korolenko in Evacuation of the Poltava Literary and Memorial Museum of V. G. Korolenko to Sverdlovsk in 1941

The article is devoted to the problem of the evacuation of cultural values during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that in historiography insufficient attention is paid to the salvation of the treasures of provincial museums in 1941—1942. The question is raised about the lack of a unified plan for the evacuation of museum collections from the western regions of the USSR in the initial period of the war. The novelty of the research is in the introduction into scientific circulation of a unique document — a report on the evacuation of the literary and memorial museum of V. G. Korolenko from Poltava to Sverdlovsk. The question of the history of the creation of the museum and its work in the pre-war period is considered. The authors dwell on the history of the creation of literary and memorial museums in the USSR in the 1920s-1930s. The composition of the archive of V.G.Korolenko is characterized. It is shown that the graduates of the higher female Bestuzhev courses played a significant role in this process. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the museum director, the writer’s eldest daughter, Sofya Vladimirovna Korolenko. It has been proven that she is credited with saving the museum collection from the front line. According to the authors, the history of the evacuation of cultural property during the war is a poorly studied issue, the solution of which depends on the publication of sources.

The Development Strategy of Museum Creation Industry in China

The Development Strategy of Museum Creation Industry in China

The creation of the major medieval textile museum in Spain: A history of the discovery, study and initial exhibition of the collection (1942−1949)

ABSTRACT This article traces the history of the collection of medieval textiles from the abbey church of Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain), including its discovery, study and initial display. The collection consists of more than 200 medieval textile grave goods from members of the royal family of Castile recovered between 1942 and 1944. After a detailed account of its discovery and the conditioning factors surrounding the occasions when the tombs were opened for scientific purposes, it goes on to describe how the collection was studied by the famous historian Gómez-Moreno. It also examines the establishment of the museum of medieval textiles that opened in the abbey in 1949, providing information about its unpublished project dating from 1944. The repercussions of the discovery of this collection and the creation of the museum were both national, leading to the opening of further tombs, and international, to studies on textiles.

La gestión del arte urbano, ¿una cuestión pendiente?

Se aborda la gestión del arte urbano desde la perspectiva pública, privada e independiente, tratando los aspectos positivos y negativos, las buenas prácticas y los debates que se están desarrollando en torno al tema. Se parte de que, si bien sigue existiendo grafiti y arte urbano espontáneo, la consideración institucional adquirida ha promovido la creación de museos, rutas turísticas, festivales y concursos, a lo que debemos agregar el mercado del arte. Socialmente, estas expresiones culturales han comenzado a tener un alto grado de aceptación y son incluso promotoras de la regeneración de barrios completos. No obstante, no existe una legislación que regule su protección o consumo.

MILITARY COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES AS A COMPONENT OF THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE ABOUT SECOND WORLD WAR

The analysis shows that military commemorative practices, as a component of the historical memory of the Ukrainian people of World War II, are sufficiently diverse and mainly aimed at uniting society around key issues of state formation. It is established that the essential feature of commemoration is the creation of shared memories through the elaboration of rituals of perpetuation (worship, celebration, etc.) of certain persons and events, the construction of “places of memory” (P. Nora). Commemoration, which is defined as the purposeful process of preserving the memory of events significant to the nation, is realized through commemorative practices – a set of ways that contribute to the consolidation, preservation and transfer in society of its historical past. The most common commemoration practices are the erection of monuments, the creation of museums and memorials, commemorations at national and local levels, commemoration of historical documents, and more.Accordingly, in the context of the formation and reproduction of the historical memory of the Ukrainian people, the militaristic commemorative practices of World War II are divided into three groups, depending on the level of memory and the peculiarities of historical development. In particular, the first group is represented by local forms of militaristic commemoration, initiated by family members, friends and veterans themselves, who collectively represent a group’ collective memory of a war that proclaimed the nation’s reconciliation with its heritage, military losses through the expression of grief, and mourning (accounts for the 40-50s of the twentieth century); the second group is a commemorative practice, the creation of which was initiated by the central authorities (president, parliament, government) and contained a collective memory of war at the national level, which was accompanied by the heroization and symbolization of the Great Victory (in the 1960-1970’s); the third group is represented by sources of personal origin, capable of actualizing the representations of war on specific examples, there is a combination of elements of the previous groups (periods) when, together with the ideological onset of the state on social (historical) memory, the expansion of memory space into everyday life, there is an attempt to return personal memory, inherent in the early (post-war) period, when the emphasis is on sacrifice, not just on the heroization of the events of World War II.