Creation Of Freedom Research Articles

Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Demokrasi pada UKM Unit Kegiatan Kerohanian Islam Universitas Negeri Surabaya

This study aims to determine the implementation of democracy in the Student Activity Unit of the Islamic Spiritual Activity Unit, State University of Surabaya. In this organization not only examines the religion of Islam but also applies the values ​​of democracy applied in the Indonesian state. Democracy implies the meaning of power which is essentially the people who hold the highest mandate in democracy. The essence of democracy is of the people, by the people and for the people. Judging from the meaning of the word democracy, it is clear that the people play an important role. However, in practice it can be understood and implemented differently, even development is very uncontrolled. In the UKKI UNESA organization, it should be in line with the values ​​that exist in democracy and the creation of freedom and deliberation to reach consensus. The research method used is qualitative. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants in this study were the general chairman, functionaries, and members. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of democratic values ​​in the organization of the Islamic Spiritual Activity Unit is in line with the principles of Pancasila democratic values ​​which refers to Cipto's theory in journal (Aulawi, A., & Srinawati : 2019), although it is not perfect yet. The results of this study are expected to be useful and contribute to balancing thoughts on the application of democratic values ​​and can add to the treasures of thoughts for writers and readers in general regarding democratic values.
 Keyword: Democracy, Organization, Discussion

The moral sphere of the personality and its essential definitions

The issue of morality in modern psychological discourse and life activity of a human, group, society in general is analyzed. The importance of its theoretical rethinking is stated, starting from the ideas of man of ancient thinkers, including Plato, where the ontological marker of a perfect society and a separate person considered authenticity, creation of good, usefulness, expediency, harmony of existence and essence. The essence of man is denied in the idea of simulacra (sophists) as a false copy in imitation, when his ability to live in accordance with the idea of human (good, welfare, reason) is questioned, and society is seen as a set of faceless units (singularity) without personal origin, so are neglected the questions about the ideal of man, the meaning and content of his life. It is concluded that the methodology of modern postmodernism is based on the idea of simulacra, which argues the course of a person’s life process in unconscious and undetermined existential motives, which do not pose the problem of morality. It is believed that a person has the right to always be different, even abnormal, not to obey any norms, rules and standards, not to question the essence and meaning of life, instead it is popularized a man-simulacrum as an indefinite unit, from the array of which arises a faceless broad community, not a human community with life-affirming, sincere and open relationships. It is argued that the substantiation of the fundamental principles of personality’s authentic morality primarily concerns its relationship with God, the Other, with himself, the community, the world, which is manifested in relation to various aspects of social life. At the same time, it was argued the existence of vertical and horizontal dimensions of morality social nature and spiritual content. It is proved that the basis of spiritual morality is the law of effective (unconditional, absolute, equal to all) love for the Other, the liberation of the person from selfishness, the creation of freedom and universal personal responsibility. Instead, a person with social morality constantly has difficulties in realization of his moral attitude to the Other (dependence of attitude on the level of family ties, status closeness, individual characteristics) and problems with motivation for such behavior (non-consideration for the dignity of the Other, his needs for good, freedom, to be individuality). It is noted that in Ukrainian society today prevails morality of social nature and manifestations of personal immorality are common, so cleansing requires a sphere of moral attitude to others, based on the idea of man, the phenomenology of effective love, good and evil, life and death, conscience, justice, as well as respect for the right of the Other and the community to freedom and individuality. The scale of moral and immoral attitude to the Other is characterized, in which three levels are singled out - moral, morally neutral, immoral and its eleven sublevels. The personal mechanisms and problem zones in realization of the person’s moral behavior are analyzed. The channels of its moral improvement in the covital contexts of culture, work, politics, everyday life are highlighted.

Book Review: The Intolerable God: Kant's Theological Journey

The Intolerable God: Kants Theological Journey. By Christopher J. Insole. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans Publishing, 2016. x + 176 pp. $30.00 (paper).In this more accessible book, Insole reprises much of what he argued at length from primary sources in his and Creation of Freedom (2013). A revision of Insoles McDonald Lectures given in 2013, this book has a more conversational approach for an audience who is less familiar with Kant's work and (most likely) less interested in incessant production of secondary literature on same.Insole's retrieval narrative is that young Kants untroubled compatabilist theism gave way to doubts which were gadfly of Critical project, transcendental idealism, and Kant whose influence is still felt today. Specifically, was increasingly troubled by idea of Gods total causal determination and defended human agents metaphysical independence in order to secure human freedom for moral responsibility. In this book, this narrative is reprised as a journey through pedagogically-minded conceptual rooms which chart changes in Kant's thinking alongside changes in his thought-environment.Insole is a quick but careful guide through these rooms, covering a remarkable amount of philosophical ground with an eye to highlighting essential figures and concepts without bogging down general audience in a morass of unfamiliar names and jargon. Insole is both pedagogically astute in his choice of analogies and an adept writer with surprising humor for a book on Kant. His analogy of the best possible rummage box for possibilities in divine understanding stands out as an example of both (p. 20). Another highlight is his ability to give a sympathetic analysis of divisions of scholarship on tricky concept of noumena and what we can think about them, while demonstrating his own commitment and its basis in a concise and admirably clear ten pages (pp. 95-105).It is tempting to call this a popular theo-biography of Kant, but it is not nearly broad enough in its discussion of Kant's life or work to be a satisfying account of Kant's theological life. Human freedom and divine action are not merely at center; they eclipse other ideas of theological importance or interest in Kant's work. The title of book comes from Lectures on Philosophical Doctrine of Religion (LPR), where says that concept of can neither be resisted nor tolerated (p. 7). While Insole shows how intolerability surmounts irresistibility late in Kant's life, his positive characterization of Kant's belief in during Critical period seems implausibly thin. Insole interprets practical postulates clearly, but they do not reveal character of Kant's beliefs so much as how he warrants those beliefs. They show how vital thought belief in was to stability of a moral life, but fail to otherwise distinguish Kant's living God from blind workings of deists eternal nature. There is substantial room between audacious Swedenborg and metaphysical skepticism of Hume. Insole's failure to draw out more of appeal of implicit and explicit doctrine of from LPR weakens book. …

Book Review: Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem

Kant and Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem. By Christopher J. Insole. Changing Paradigms Historical and Systematic Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. xiv + 264 pp. $125.00 (cloth).In this clear and well-organized volume, Insole argues that Kant's critical project was, part, generated by an irreducibly (p. 1). How can we coherently explain human freedom, given assertion that human beings are created by God?Chapters 2 through 5 provide core exposition of Insole's exegetical claim. Kant's view of divine freedom, despite shifting epistemic status, is constant across pre-critical and critical periods. Like Anselm, Kants view Gods perfect freedom is compatible with God being unable to do other than good (p. 26), where God is constrained by moral-metaphysical necessities internal to God's own nature. Kant, Insole remarks, has a positive and teleological conception of freedom simpliciter in his bones ... where what matters for freedom is that an agent wills good (p. 57).Kant's view of what constitutes meaningful human freedom continues to develop throughout his life. Originally a compatibilist, Insole argues, Kant comes to believe that human freedom requires both ultimate responsibility and ability to do otherwise (although this later feature of freedom is conceived of as a human failing). By Insole's reading, transcendental idealism develops to protect possibility of human freedom from physical determinism Newtonian science demands while protecting divine impassability from emanationism. Kant, Insole notes, comes to distinguish between human dependence on God (which does not threaten freedom) and human dependence on other created substances (which does). The possibility of meaningful human freedom, ultimately realized Kingdom of Ends Kant's mature view, is where noumenal self is dependent upon God alone, who enables reciprocal and nondependent interaction within a community of noumenal selves.Insole anticipates and replies to objections to more controversial aspects of this eonstrual of Kant. He addresses atemporal noumenal first causation and inexplicability of origins of evil when human freedom is construed as outside of space-time (chap. 6), and worries about status of Kant's belief God after 1770 (chap. 7). These are significant obstacles, but Insole presents his case a clear and well-cited way and even those who are not convinced by his reading will find Insole an articulate and well-versed opponent.In last three chapters, Insole turns to a fuller theological evaluation of Kant's mature position on divine-human interaction. Insole recites well-established evaluation that Kant's rational theology is hamstrung by limits Kant's epistemic discipline places on grace and atonement. Furthermore, Insole argues that Kant highlights the with problem (p. 226) when Insole considers what more can be known or hoped about divine action than creation and conservation, given Kant's articulation of human freedom within transcendental idealism. The argument between concurrentism and mere conservation stems from concerns about metaphysical possibility of meaningful human causality of events which are directly and sufficiently caused by divine agency. …

Book Review: Christopher J. Insole, Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem

Book Review: Christopher J. Insole, <i>Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem</i>

Christopher Insole, Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem

Christopher Insole, <i>Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem</i>

Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem. By Christopher Insole

Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem. By Christopher Insole

Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem by Christopher J. Insole (review)

Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem by Christopher J. Insole (review)

Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem. By CHRISTOPHER J. INSOLE.

Christopher J. Insole argues that the question ‘how can it be said that human beings are free, given that they are created by God?’ was not only formative for Kant's pre-critical development but also a major factor in his mature thought (p. 1). In posing the question, Insole looks to highlight two elements. First, there is significant continuity and a natural progression from Kant's pre-critical to his critical philosophy. Second, religion and theology play an integral role in Kant's critical philosophy. The first three chapters address Insole's first objective: recounting the theological dilemma of God's freedom, which does not require the possibility to do otherwise, and human freedom, which necessitates the ability to do otherwise. Through the discussion of several pre-critical texts, Insole argues that Kant held to God's necessary creation of the universe. This necessity is not restrictive of divine freedom for it is an outcome of his perfect goodness. Also, in what Insole entitles ‘Necessary Free Creation’, this creation results in the best possible world (p. 23).

Kant and the creation of freedom: a response to Terry Godlove

In his review of my book, Terry Godlove raises some robust objections to the exegesis of Kant that I present in my recent book, Kant and the Creation of Freedom: a Theological Problem (Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2013). I respond to these criticisms in this article. Properly to locate Godlove’s exegetical objections, I dedicate the first section to setting out the arc of the argument I trace. I then set out and treat in turn Godlove’s main objections to my exegesis: that it depends upon an interpretation of transcendental idealism which makes the doctrine ‘flatly inconsistent and probably just silly’; that I neglect the most plausible account interpretation of Kant’s various statements about transcendental idealism; and that I ‘pick and choose’ supporting texts too narrowly, leading to an unbalanced presentation, which is too convenient to my thesis. I conclude with some general methodological reflections—stimulated by Godlove, but not aimed at him—about how historical philosophical texts are often treated. I express some anxieties about the principle of charity that underlies much current exegesis, and ‘rational reconstruction’ of historical texts, and I propose a case for what might be called ‘creative decomposition’ (not of the text, but of the self).

Kant and the creation of freedom: a theological problem

1. Introduction 2. The Creation 3. Is God Free? 4. The Problem 5. The Solution 6. Incoherence 7. Belief 8. Creating the Kingdom of Ends 9. Concurrence 10. Legacy

(Afri)Ethics, Communitarianism and Libertarianism

This article attempts to innovate an approach to ethics that treats radical justice as the raison d’être of ethical journalism. Radical justice concerns not just the treatment of the means of collecting and distribution of information but how this is accountable to the realization of the ‘talents’ of people. The approach offered holds governments accountable by proposing a form of public sphere in which ‘communicative action’ allows the maturation of the voice of the citizenry and which is anti-essentialist and audience centred. Communicative action deals with moral imperatives and the creation of freedom in which radical justice is realized. African debates on the topic are critically examined in relation to European discussions, and the idea of a specific Afriethics is critiqued, as are the concepts of ubuntu (communalism), communitarianism and African values.

Science and Kabbalah Evolution

This article describes how Science and Kabbalah complement each other and reveals modern ways of presenting the original concepts of the Kabbalah wisdom. This article also presents a scheme of personal growth through creation of freedom of choice, and provides a Kabbalist's road map. Kabbalah studies the evolution of the universe, our life purpose, and the ascension to higher planes of existence through knowledge attained and presented by great Kabbalists over centuries. Their presentation took different forms at different times. This article offers a scientific approach to the study of Kabbalah, to enhance our appreciation and understanding of this wisdom.

Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North: African Americans in Monmouth County, New Jersey, 1665-1865.

Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Acknowledgments Chapter 3 Introduction Chapter 4 The Creation of a Slave Society, 1664-1714 Chapter 5 Small-Farm Slavery, 1714-1775 Chapter 6 Black Revolution in Monmouth, 1775-1783 Chapter 7 From Revolution to Emancipation, 1783-1804 Chapter 8 Gradual Emancipation, 1804-1830 Chapter 9 The Creation of Freedom, 1830-1865 Chapter 10 Epilogue Chapter 11 Selected Bibliography Chapter 12 Index