Blood Plasma Creatinine Research Articles

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Experimental studies are among the important and promising approaches in the studying of the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema (PE). They make it possible to trace and understand the sequence of metabolic disorders wich occur in this condition. The aim of the trial was to study the nature of biochemical changes in blood plasma during the course of experimental PE. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 36 sexually mature, outbred, white rats of both sexes, weighing 180-200 g, which were kept on a standard vivarium diet. Experimental papain PE in white rats was induced by a single intratracheal administration of 0.5 ml of papain solution (Merck KGaA, Germany) at a dose of 100 mg / kg body weight under light ether anesthesia. The rats were withdrawn from the experiment by decapitation under light ether anesthesia 10, 20, 30, 50 and 60 days after the onset of the disease. Biochemical studies of blood plasma - the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), protein, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, glucose were carried out using automatic biochemical analyzer Selectra Pro-M (Netherlands). Results. It was found that 10 days after the onset of the disease, the levels of ALT and AST significantly decreased by 37%. The trend towards a decrease in ALT persisted after 20, 30 and 60 days; AST � after 20, 30, 50 and 60 days. It was found that the blood plasma protein significantly decreased 10 and 20 days after the onset of the disease by 33% and 38%, respectively. At the same time, the urea also decreased after 10 days by 36% and by 32% after 20 days. A similar trend of changes was found when studying the level of creatinine in blood plasma. After 10 and 20 days, creatinine decreased by 36% and 37%, respectively. As for total bilirubin, its blood plasma contentration increased by 68% after 10 days, and by 38% after 20 days. There were no changes in plasma glucose levels 10, 20, 30, 50 and 60 days after the onset of the disease. Conclusions. Experimental PE is characterized by the most pronounced changes in blood plasma biochemical parameters 10 and 20 days after the onset of the disease, which is manifested by a decrease of aminotransferases � ALT and AST, a decrease in total protein, urea, creatinine, and an increase of total bilirubin. Key words: experimental pulmonary emphysema, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, protein, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, glucose. U

The Study of the Functional State of Rat’s Kidneys in Acute Pyelonephritis Against Diabetes Mellitus under Conditions of Drug Exposure in an Experiment

The most sensitive indicators of the functional state of the kidneys are the glomerular filtration rate and the level of creatinine in the blood, which is practically independent of extrarenal factors and does not lend itself to significant daily fluctuations. The search for new possibilities of correcting drug exposure on the course of acute pyelonephritis and concomitant diabetes mellitus seems to be promising in order to prevent the development of pathomorphological changes in functional renal disorders. Evaluation of the effectiveness of etiotropic drug exposure to drugs and their combination with the pathogenetic effect on the creatinine content in blood plasma and urine and its clearance in acute pyelonephritis and concomitant diabetes mellitus type I and II in the experimental conditions was the aim of our study. The obtained experimental data revealed a more pronounced increase in creatinine in blood plasma compared with its content in urine: in blood plasma by 83.6 % and in urine by 25.1 %, respectively, in relation to the norm, which indicates a significant decrease in glomerular level filtering. The clearance of cretinin in acute pyelonephritis was reduced by 15.2 %, and with concomitant diabetes mellitus, more distinct changes were observed, for type II diabetes there was a decrease of 27.3 %, and for type I diabetes by 36.4 % in relation to normal. The use of etiotropic exposure for type I and II diabetes contributed to a moderate improvement in this indicator, and the use of ethiopathogenetic effects caused a significant increase in creatinine clearance, the level of which differed from normal only by 9.1 % in type II diabetes and by 15.2 % with type I diabetes. Etio-pathogenetic drug intervention has led to the prevention and deterrence of nephrosclerotic changes, which should be associated with the complex effect of antibacterial, membrane-protective and metabolism correcting effects.

Impact of adding natural bioactive mixture composed of lemon, onion, and garlic juice at different levels on productive performance, egg quality, and some blood parameters of commercial laying hens

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) encourages using medicinal herbs and plants to substitute or minimize the use of chemicals through the global trend to go back to nature. Many studies mentioned that using medicinal herbs and plants as feed additives seems to be a recent trend depending on availability and their cost but using them with monogastric animals and birds, as pharmaceutical tool, is available. Their action was manifested in a reduced expanding range of pathogenic microorganisms in the digestive tract, which resulted in the improvement of growth performance, efficient digestion, immunity, and health of poultry.MethodsThe present work aimed to establish the influence of adding natural bioactive mixture composed of the juice of lemon, onion, and garlic (LOG) at portions 1.00, 1.00, and 0.125/l clean water, respectively, to laying hens’ diets on their performance, egg quality, and some blood constituents. Seventy-two 30-week-old commercial Bovan Brown layers were randomly divided into four dietary treatment groups. Each treatment included eighteen hens in 6 replicates (3 birds each). All tested diets were almost isocaloric and isonitrogenous.ResultsAdding LOG in laying hens’ diets significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed conversion throughout the second stage of egg collection in comparison with the control group. Inclusion of LOG in laying hen diets significantly (P < 0.05) improved the number of eggs/hen, percentage of egg production, and egg mass/hen throughout the second stage of egg collection comparing with the control (G1). Diet supplied by 1% LOG recorded the best value of yolk color (5.40) and yolk percentage (28.42%) compared with the other groups. Adding 2% or 3% LOG significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the total plasma cholesterol content compared to the control group. Inclusion of LOG at different levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased blood plasma contents of GPT and GOT. However, insignificant decreases in blood plasma creatinine occurred comparing to control.ConclusionAdding the natural bioactive mixture composed of the juice of lemon, onion, and garlic can be safely used in improving the general health, egg weight, and feed conversion with decreasing the blood cholesterol of laying hens. Supplementation of LOG in the ration of hens improved the feed conversion and egg production.

Investigation of nonlinear optical behavior of creatinine for measuring its concentration in blood plasma

Since creatinine reflects the Kidneys function in the human body, the accurate measuring methods to assess the concentration of creatinine in blood plasma are important. Colorimetric method is usually used to measure the concentration of creatinine in blood plasma. In this paper, we have applied Z-scan technique to investigate the nonlinear behavior of creatinine of blood plasma. The samples include different concentrations of creatinine. The concentration of creatinine directly changes the nonlinear refractive index of samples. As a result, this method can be used to measure the creatinine concentration of blood plasma.

Redução da proteína bruta em rações sobre os balanços metabólicos de suínos mantidos em diferentes condições térmicas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a redução da proteína bruta em rações sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, pH urinário e parâmetros sanguíneos de suínos na fase inicial. O peso médio inicial dos animais foi de 18,5 ± 0,73kg. Foram realizados dois experimentos de digestibilidade, sendo um em condições de ambiente de estresse (28,77?C) e outro conforto térmico (18,13?C). Em ambos os experimentos os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro níveis de proteína bruta (20,5; 19,4; 18,3 e 17,2%) e quatro repetições, totalizando 16 unidades experimentais em cada experimento, sendo cada uma representada por um animal, totalizando 32 animais. A metodologia utilizada foi a coleta total de fezes, e a urina coletada e filtrada diariamente. Para avaliar os parâmetros sanguíneos, as amostras foram obtidas mediante punção na veia jugular. Os parâmetros avaliados foram nitrogênio ingerido, excretado nas fezes e na urina, absorvido, retido, retido/absorvido, excreção total, utilização líquida de proteína, pH da urina, colesterol, triglicerídeos, glicose, uréia e creatinina no plasma sanguíneo. Conclui-se que a redução do nível de proteína da dieta, de 20,5 a 17,2%; é uma alternativa eficiente para reduzir a quantidade de nitrogênio excretado pelos suínos em condição de estresse térmico. Para condição de conforto térmico os suínos apresentaram maiores concentrações de creatinina e colesterol plasmático.

Pre-treatment with isoflurane ameliorates renal ischemic–reperfusion injury in mice

Aims Perioperative renal dysfunction is associated with a high mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether isoflurane preconditioning provides a protection against renal ischemic–reperfusion injury and whether hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is responsible for the protection afforded by isoflurane in mice. Main methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice received vehicle (PBS), scrambled siRNA or HIF-1α siRNA via hydrodynamic injection through tail vein. Twenty-four hours after injection, they were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane in oxygen enriched air for 2 h while controls without injection were exposed to oxygen enriched air. Twenty-four hours after gas exposure, mice were sacrificed and their kidney were harvested for western blot while other cohorts underwent renal ischemia–reperfusion injury induced by bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 25 min for renal histological or functional analysis 24 h after reperfusion or by unilateral clamping for 40 min for survival rate analysis. Key findings Survival rate and the expression of HIF-1α and erythropoietin were significantly increased while apoptosis, renal tubule score, blood plasma creatinine and urea were decreased by isoflurane preconditioning. HIF-1α siRNA but not scrambled siRNA injection abrogated the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning. Significance Our data suggested that isoflurane preconditioning provided a protection against renal ischemic–reperfusion injury which is very likely due to hypoxia inducible factor-1α upregulation.

Nephrotoxicity of a new platinum compound, 254-S, evaluated with rat kidney cortical slices

The addition of a new compound containing platinum, 254-S, an antineoplastic agent, to medium had no effect on p-aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation, gluconeogenesis, or potassium and ATP concentrations in rat kidney cortical slices at the concentrations tested, up to 10 mM. At 1 mM, cisplatin, used for comparison, significantly decreased all of these biochemical indices in the slices. Administration of 254-S at a low dose (10 mg kg i.v.) to rats decreased the ability of the slices to accumulate PAH and to maintain the potassium concentration, without affecting levels of urea or creatinine in blood plasma. 254-S at a high dose (20 mg kg i.v.) or cisplatin at 5 mg kg (i.v.) also decreased these indices in the slices, and affected urea and creatinine in blood plasma. These results suggested that use of the renal slice technique gives data useful for the evaluation of the nephrotoxicity of 254-S, and that PAH accumulation and the potassium concentration in slices from rats treated with 254-S are indicators of nephrotoxic damage.

Determination of creatinine in clinical samples with a creatininase reactor and an ammonia probe

A commercial nylon coil with immobilized creatininase in conjunction with a potentiometric ammonia probe is used in a continuous flow apparatus for the determination of creatinine in blood plasma and urine. The analytical characteristics of the coil are evaluated and its specific enzymatic activity is calculated. The determination of creatinine in plasma is viable provided that samples are processed quickly after they have been taken and that plasma ammonia is evaluated just before the creatinine determination. Analyses of urine require prior separation of ammonia. For plasma, 40 samples/hour can be processed with confidence. The precision of the procedure depends strongly on the plasma ammonia level and is about 5% for normal conditions.