Creation Of Simulation Models Research Articles

The effect of structural retrofitting and ventilation scenarios on the indoor microclimate of a historical library: The Necip Pasa Library, Turkiye

Structural retrofitting in buildings may result in changes in the indoor microclimate. Chemical, mechanical and biological deterioration can be seen in the cultural properties as a consequence of substrates and inappropriate microclimatic conditions such as high indoor temperature, relative humidity and fluctuations of them. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the structural retrofitting, that the building underwent, on the chemical degradation risk of the library collection based on two different ventilation scenarios. One is natural ventilation which is an existing situation since the building is free-floating. The other one implementing a mechanical ventilation system into the building. To be able to compare the microclimate that affects the library collection pre- and post-retrofitting, two models are developed in DesginBuilder and simulated for both scenarios. According to the results of the post-retrofitting model, mechanical ventilation reduced the risk of chemical degradation by 38 %, while natural ventilation did not cause any effect. Natural ventilation gives a similar output in the pre-retrofitting model as in the post-retrofitting model. Mechanical ventilation in the pre-retrofitting model achieves a 33 % reduction in chemical degradation risk. Structural retrofitting only achieves a 1 % reduction in the chemical risk level for both ventilation scenarios. Thus, its effect on the indoor microclimate is insignificant. This study shows that creating simulation models effectively assesses potential risks pre-post-structural retrofitting or any retrofitting in historical buildings. Simulations reveal that mechanical ventilation is a better choice for decreasing chemical degradation risks for the library.

Development and Validation of a Novel Zero-Dimensional Heat Rejection Model for High-Efficiency Engines

In recent years, the trend towards the performance maximization of modern internal combustion engines has led to the creation of accurate simulation models to optimize the engine design and operating conditions. Temperature management is crucial to achieve the performance goals of an internal combustion engine without affecting the component’s reliability. Formula 1 mandates that only a limited number of experimental tests can be performed, which leads to the necessity of simulators capable of substituting empirical tests. Furthermore, the requirement of adapting the vehicle setup before each race weekend to maximize the performance on each circuit layout necessitates short computational time. To address this, the development of a zero-dimensional model of the thermal flows within an engine is presented in this paper. This model allows to precisely compute the dynamic variations of all the heat flows inside the combustion engine, excluding only the radiative ones and the engine components’ temperatures. The new simulation approach has been developed and validated on a Formula 1 engine and shown to be precise and fast. The results demonstrate the value of the proposed model with an average engine fluid temperature error of less than 1 °C for a computational cost comparable with on-board applications.

Modelling and simulation of suspension system based on topological structure

The traditional approach of longitudinal cutting in suspension system simplification introduces redundant degrees of freedom, leading to increased system errors. This study focused on a seven degrees of freedom (7DOF) car model and constructed a suspension system topology model based on an across-cutting approach. To emulate road surface excitation, the filtered white noise method was employed. MATLAB/Simulink was used to create simulation models for the across-cutting, traditional longitudinal cutting and the whole car structure. Comparative analysis of these three topologies was conducted in both the time and frequency domains. Simulation results demonstrated that the performance curve of the across-cutting simplified suspension system closely matched that of the whole car model, validating the accuracy of the proposed across-cutting topology. Furthermore, when compared to traditional longitudinal cutting, the across-cutting simplification method reduced the natural frequency error of body pitch vibration by 25% and decreased the root mean square error of body acceleration by 27%. The suspension topology based on across-cutting more closely resembled the actual car structure, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing overall ride comfort in automobiles.

Electric charging stations for electric vehicles in a traffic flow simulation model

This article substantiates the need to use simulation modeling in planning the location of parking lots equipped with charging stations for electric cars. Moscow is actively developing infrastructure for the use of electric cars for personal use, but there is a limited number of charging stations in the city districts. This increases the load on the transportation framework of the capital. Creating a simulation model of the transport system allows us to identify its “bottlenecks” related to the effective organization of road traffic and the creation of a sustainable environment. The use of methods of structural analysis, synthesis, groupings, information and simulation modeling allowed to establish all key objects of the problem area, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics necessary to create a simulation model. The created simulation model is based on the developed formal models of changes in the states of each class of objects, corresponding to the behavior in the real urban environment. To demonstrate the obtained results, a three-dimensional model corresponding to the simulation model is developed.

СУТНІСТЬ ІМІТАЦІЙНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ

The article examines the issue of the essence of simulation modeling. As our world grows increasingly complex, understanding and managing intricate systems become more challenging. Imitative modeling offers a way to simplify and study these systems, providing valuable insights into their behavior and interactions. Advancements in technology, particularly in computing power and simulation software, have made imitative modeling more sophisticated and accessible. This technological progress enables more accurate and detailed simulations, enhancing the value and applicability of modeling across various fields. Imitative modeling provides a tool to simulate different scenarios, evaluate options, and optimize outcomes, thus supporting better decision-making processes. Furthermore, imitative modeling drives innovation by identifying new approaches or configurations that optimize performance. Whether it's designing a new product, improving a manufacturing process, or optimizing a supply chain, modeling can help find the best solutions to complex problems. Addressing global challenges such as climate change, environmental sustainability, public health, and urban planning requires informed strategies and policies. Imitative modeling can play a crucial role in this by simulating the impact of different interventions or policies, thereby informing better approaches to tackle these pressing issues. Additionally, imitative modeling serves as a valuable educational tool, helping students understand complex concepts and theories through practical application. It also supports research by providing a framework for hypothesis testing, data analysis, and validation. It is noted that the widespread use of simulation modeling became a reality at a certain stage of the development of information technologies, which include means of collecting, transmitting, processing and storing information. These means include not only computers, but also computational mathematics tools, multi-level programming tools, database management systems, data banks, and others. The simulation model is a complex mathematical and algorithmic structure, which is intended for the study of a certain system. The method, which is based on the creation and analysis of simulation models, is called "machine simulation" or "simulation modeling".

Simulation model of 177 MWe coal-fired double power unit

Model-based studies are widely used in the analysis and optimization of complex energy conversion processes in large thermal power plants. The creation and validation of a model of a power unit utilizing Bulgarian lignite enables us to study in detail the redistribution of heat flows in that unit. Along with the ability to optimize the thermodynamic cycle of energy generation, this research method enables us to conduct many study tasks that cannot be realized by conducting expensive and complex industrial experiments. The current article presents the creation of thermodynamic simulation model of a 4th power unit firing lignite coal in Maritsa East 2 TPP. Validation of the numerical solution was performed with data from the "Operating Instructions for the boilers”, design heat balance calculations for steam turbine installation and performance test results onsite on two different loads.

Preliminary study of Acoustic Black Holes implemented in CT/MRI housings including validation experiments

An increasing number of interventional use of computer tomograph (CT) scanners and magnetic resonance tomographs (MRI) leads to the need for particularly quiet medical imaging in order to minimize the stress level for patients as well as medical staff. Due to the many different imaging sequences, noise reduction measures have to consider a wide range of different frequencies. Especially the use of Acoustic Black Holes (ABHs) seems to be a promising strategy to reduce vibration-induced noise. The objective of this study is to extend conventional measures for minimizing structural vibrations, usually realized by applying composite stiffeners, by adding ABHs directly into these stiffening components. This allows vibration maxima to be minimised efficiently. In the first step, the vibroacoustic properties of composite materials are investigated numerically and the created simulation model is validated by experiments. Based on these results, the influence of stiffeners on the structural behaviour is investigated and an optimised design for minimum surface velocities is found. To further reduce surface velocities in the frequency range where the human ear is particularly sensitive, ABHs are tested. In this context it is investigated whether ABHs can be advantageously combined with conventional stiffeners. Keywords: Medical devices, Acoustic black holes, Noise and vibration

The influence of the construction of tram fronts on the consequences of accidents with passenger cars

In recent years, there has been a large increase in passenger and public transport in cities. An increase in traffic flow results in an increasing risk of accidents. Manufacturers and operators of trams are increasingly subject to higher requirements for ensuring the safety of vehicles. Vehicle safety can be divided into two groups: active and passive safety. Systems and elements of active safety are intended to reduce the risk of accidents. Systems and elements of passive safety are intended to minimize the consequences of accidents. The requirements for the passive safety of newly designed railway vehicles are described in standard EN 15227. Standard EN 15227 was created due to the effort to protect passengers and crew inside railway vehicles in the event of an accident, so it is a so-called self-protection. The standard EN 15227 does not stipulate any requirements for so-called partner protection. Partner protection means an approach in which the vehicle protects passengers inside and outside the vehicle with its deformation elements.This article deals with the issue of how the construction of the front of tram vehicles designed according to the requirements of the standard EN 15227 will affect the consequences of tram´s accidents with passenger cars. The first part of the article describes the requirements of the standard EN 15227 for newly designed trams. Than it describes the creation and evaluation of tram accident statistics in the Czech Republic for the years 2016 to 2018 with regard to the types of collision vehicles, collision directions and consequences of accidents. From the results of the evaluation of the accident statistics, a collision scenario was determined, in which the passengers inside cars were most often injured. The last part of the article is devoted to the creation of simulation models of accidents of three trams with a car and evaluation of simulation calculations with regard to the risk of injury to car´s driver in an accident with trams using human biomechanical criteria.

Modeling and Simulation of a Digital Twin of a Production System for Industry 4.0 with Work-in-Process Synchronization

One of the main problems of modern manufacturing systems is the increasing complexity related to modern Industry 4.0 technologies that are fundamentally changing manufacturing and logistics processes and operations. Industry 4.0 includes, e.g., flexible automation and robotization, which make complex manufacturing systems difficult to analyze. Some modeling and simulation methods are being used to solve industrial problems and can serve as an interface between the production level and management level. The new trend of the Digital Twin, creating simulation models as similar as possible to the real system, and a Digital Twin framework for a manufacturing line from the automotive industry, was considered. Simulation models typically start from the empty state and some warmup time is required to achieve the stable state. The Key Performance Indicators were also analyzed for the stable state. However, there are many stochastic parameters such as machinery failures, human errors, quality issues, etc., that make the real processes differ from simulated processes, and cause the instability of production throughput and changes in the Work in Process. To analyze the Work in Process in the model, initialization of the model with proper production data is required, as the Digital Twin uses data synchronization with the production database. In this paper, the digital model of a human-robot-operated manufacturing system with Work-in-Process data synchronization is analyzed, and the results of the statistical analysis of simulation experiments are presented. The obtained results show high variability of finished production, which is related to system instability due to random failures, especially when the system starts from an empty state. However, an increase in initial Work in Process results in better efficiency and stability for the whole system. The DT simulation of the manufacturing system can be very helpful, as it becomes a repository of knowledge about the real system and enables the analysis of its dynamics. However, for proper functionality, the model should include information about the current WIP state, which enables the start of the simulation with exactly the same number of queues as in the real system. The presented method can also be used in similar enterprises from other industries, especially for those with discrete processes or high WIP variability, and for further synchronization of other DT parameters.

Investigating Imperfect Cloning for Extending Quantum Communication Capabilities.

Quantum computing allows the implementation of powerful algorithms with enormous computing capabilities and promises a secure quantum Internet. Despite the advantages brought by quantum communication, certain communication paradigms are impossible or cannot be completely implemented due to the no-cloning theorem. Qubit retransmission for reliable communications and point-to-multipoint quantum communication (QP2MP) are among them. In this paper, we investigate whether a Universal Quantum Copying Machine (UQCM) generating imperfect copies of qubits can help. Specifically, we propose the Quantum Automatic Repeat Request (QARQ) protocol, which is based on its classical variant, as well as to perform QP2MP communication using imperfect clones. Note that the availability of these protocols might foster the development of new distributed quantum computing applications. As current quantum devices are noisy and they decohere qubits, we analyze these two protocols under the presence of various sources of noise. Three major quantum technologies are studied for these protocols: direct transmission (DT), teleportation (TP), and telecloning (TC). The Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center platform is used to create simulation models. Results show that TC outperforms TP and DT in terms of fidelity in both QARQ and QP2MP, although it is the most complex one in terms of quantum cost. A numerical study shows that the QARQ protocol significantly improves qubit recovery and that creating more clones does not always improve qubit recovery.

HPPC Test Methodology Using LFP Battery Cell Identification Tests as an Example

The aim of this research was to create an accurate simulation model of a lithium-ion battery cell, which will be used in the design process of the traction battery of a fully electric load-hull-dump vehicle. Discharge characteristics tests were used to estimate the actual cell capacity, and hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) tests were used to identify the Thevenin equivalent circuit parameters. A detailed description is provided of the methods used to develop the HPPC test results. Particular emphasis was placed on the applied filtration and optimization techniques as well as the assessment of the quality and the applicability of the acquired measurement data. As a result, a simulation model of the battery cell was created. The article gives the full set of parameter values needed to build a fully functional simulation model. Finally, a charge-depleting cycle test was performed to verify the created simulation model.

A Study on Industrial Heritage Renewal Strategy Based on Hybrid Bayesian Network

A more scientific, objective, and reasonable renewal orientation is gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of industrial heritage conservation and renewal. This study selected five samples to carry out field investigation and face-to-face interviews. POI data were collected and analyzed, which revealed the relationship between environmental resources and the five samples based on the kernel density estimation method. Sequentially, we unprecedentedly created a complete BN-POI-AHP hybrid Bayesian network model that was used to implement simulation analysis of the industrial heritage of the Former Site Museum of Changchun Film Studio. A renewal orientation and a strategy for the community comprehensive sports ground were determined based on the results of the simulation data through the previous model. We eventually achieved a sustainable renewal strategy and innovative research method for industrial heritage, from objective data collection and simulation model creation to generation of a final reasonable plan.

Simulation analysis of high-throughput oyster cryopreservation at three scales of production.

Cryopreservation and germplasm repositories offer a variety of potential benefits to aquaculture industries. Despite this, no comprehensive repository systems exist for any prominent aquaculture species. A species that could greatly benefit from the use of cryopreserved sperm and repository storage is the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. High-throughput cryopreservation protocols already exist for this species, and the easy transport of frozen sperm could facilitate selective breeding programs that address pressing challenges currently faced in the industry, such as mortality due to low-salinity conditions. This study addressed the gap between cryopreservation protocols and repository development in the oyster industry by creating simulation models to evaluate cryopreservation needs at three different scales of production. The effects of high-throughput device options and three key parameters (straws per oyster, batch size, and number of operators) on production capacity, time, and cost were evaluated. Recommendations for decisions concerning cryopreservation pathways and repository creation were given at each scale of production. Relative values of broodstock, juvenile oysters, and oyster sperm sold at hatcheries were also discussed. In general, repositories operating at higher production levels benefited from the economy of scale, could use automated high-throughput equipment options, and could hire more labor without drastically increasing production costs.

Имитационное моделирование технологического процесса заготовки древесины на примере лесного харвестера

The purpose of the work is to create a computer model that allows to reproduce the technological process of logging, taking into account a huge number of various conditions that can affect the final result of the enterprise, to obtain the data necessary for making effective managerial and organizational decisions on labor standardization and the preparation of regulatory documentation. To do this, using the agent-based modeling method, a simulation model of the production process was created in the AnyLogic program. The functioning of the proposed model is carried out on the basis of significant statistical data on the most important characteristics of individual elements of the production process. The article demonstrates the possibilities of modeling technological schemes of work at the cutting site at the design stage of the technological map without the need for real felling of forest plantations. The diagram of the conditions of the harvester’s work is presented, embedded in the simulation model created by the authors, which allows the researcher to conduct a step-by-step analysis of the work of the logging machine. An information-logical detailing of all blocks of the harvester work state diagram is shown, which allows understanding the principle of analysis when clearing the site for a new working position, analyzing the availability of trees in apiaries, processing of tree trunks, taking into account all movements and organizational and technical downtime in the process of developing forest cuttings. The reader is presented with a graphical demonstration of the choice of trees available for felling, as well as an analysis of the situation for moving to a new working position of the harvester. The sequence of data entry into the model and the principles of fixing the scientific results obtained on the basis of modeling are outlined. The created simulation model will allow forest users to compare the options for the technological schemes of the harvester's movement along the forest cutting with the choice of the best organizational and management solutions; creation of labor standards and production standards for the development of forest cuttings in any natural and production conditions for any model of the harvester used, depending on the type of felling and the species and quality characteristics of the felled trees.

Use of a Software Application to Generate a Sequence for Simulation Model Creation

The use of simulation models is currently a necessity, considering the complexity of the problems solved in many areas of engineering and scientific work (including logistics). This fact places high demands on their creation, use, and possible modification. When implementing simulation models, we often encounter limitations (depending on the software used), for which an effective solution is the application of the additional programming method. However, the method’s implementation is often associated with problems, the solution to which is, for example, the use of third-party services. Ultimately, this is an effective but lengthy process. The paper presents a new approach to the method of additional programming, which is based on using an addressable software application as a tool for generating sequences according to defined input parameters. The research was carried out using the simulation software Tecnomatix Plant Simulation and the software tool Simtalk, which is part of it.

РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКИХ ПРОЄКТІВ

The question of the organization of charitable activities in Ukraine was considered, the specifics of volunteering in modern conditions were determined. The need for risk management in volunteer projects is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to review the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for risk management of volunteer projects. The methodological basis of the research was logical methods of information processing, methods of analysis for identifying project risks, an abstract-logical method for formulating recommendations and conclusions. Presenting main material. The theoretical and methodological principles of charitable activities in Ukraine are considered. The specifics of implementing volunteer projects were analyzed and their risks were identified. It was determined that they are characterized by external risks associated with legislation, the search for donors, communication links, etc., and internal risks, which can include motivational risks, risks associated with compliance with the requirements of the "project triangle", and the risks of project participants. The risks of volunteer projects have been identified. Project risk management measures are proposed, the implementation of which will make it possible to prevent the occurrence of a risky situation or reduce its negative impact on the achievement of project goals. The originality and practical significance of the research is confirmed by the possibility of using the proposed measures as a practical risk management tool for planning volunteer projects. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The proposed identification of project risks and recommendations for their management can be used to further improve the risk management processes of volunteer projects by creating simulation models for evaluating the quantitative characteristics of adverse events.

Focus on software, data acquisition, and instrumentation

Focus on software, data acquisition, and instrumentation

The role of distance learning technologies in the organization of the educational process in Higher Educational Institutions of Ukraine in the conditions of the large-scale armed aggression russian federation against Ukraine

2022 has been a year of huge challenge for all Educational Institutions of Ukraine in terms of their ability to quickly organization of distance version of the educational process in connection with large-scale armed aggression russian federation against Ukraine with goal to destruction of Ukraine and its people. After February 24, 2022 when Russia-Ukraine war that began back in 2014 became the large-scale war and President of Ukraine announced of martial law, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine (MD) and the Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Ukraine recommended of all Educational Institutions of the country to use the distance learning technologies (DLT) for further continuation educational process. That’s why Institutions Higher Education (IHE) and Higher Military Educational Institutions (HMEI) of Ukraine actively use own developments and the best developments of the world’s leading companies which work in this direction (Google, Microsoft, ZOOM, Coursera, Udemy, edX, SpaceX, hp, Vodafone, Lifecell, Київстар, etc.) to improve the quality of distance learning in the conditions of the large-scale armed aggression russian federation against Ukraine. The wide opportunities of modern information technologies for the creation of simulation models of objects and processes (flash-animation, 3-D models, educational computer games etc.) allow visualization of information and make the content of the distance courses the most understandable and interesting for students and cadets. That’s why the task of researching the role of distance learning technologies in the organization of the educational process in Higher Educational Institutions of Ukraine in the conditions of the large-scale armed aggression russian federation against Ukraine is more relevant than ever [1-7].

Development of the Systems Thinking for Health Actions framework: a literature review and a case study

BackgroundSystems thinking is an approach that views systems with a holistic lens, focusing on how components of systems are interconnected. Specifically, the application of systems thinking has proven to be...

Opportunities and perspectives of the digital twins’ conception: the case in agriculture

The article discusses the means and directions for improving the results of simulation modeling of suburban agriculture and, as a result, the creation of digital twins of farms. Most innovative technologies are still considered new areas for experimentation in agriculture. However, the digital twins being developed for agriculture implement many of the ideas that have already been tested in other industries. The article presents an optimization problem that allows the simulation of suburban agriculture to provide the city with fresh products. Particular attention is paid to modeling the sustainable development of suburban agriculture and the characterization of related data. At the same time, one of the biggest challenges is the need to constantly collect and update expanding data about the object in order to create digital twins. The result of the study is the construction of a simulation modeling system that forms digital twins of suburban crop and livestock production, and the determination of priorities for the selection of relevant data. In order to determine the conditions for realizing opportunities in the transition from suburban farming simulation to digital twins, a general modeling system is presented, consisting of simulation and optimization models, and a set of metrics is selected for the constant collection and updating of the digital twin. The created simulation model was previously worked out by running dozens of different options in the form of sets of initial data, and as a result of the model's operation, the article presents the best (optimal) responses. The necessary steps for the realization of this transition are defined. As a result of the activity of the proposed conceptual system, real-time information, and analytics allows to optimize the performance of the farm