Cratylia Argentea Research Articles

Cratylia argentea – review of a tropical shrub legume: Biology and agronomy

Cratylia argentea – review of a tropical shrub legume: Biology and agronomy

Cratylia argentea – review of a tropical shrub legume: Quality and utilization

Cratylia argentea – review of a tropical shrub legume: Quality and utilization

Nutritive value of adding dried Cratylia argentea leaves to the feed of growing rabbits

Resumo A nutrição na criação de coelhos representa cerca de 70% de todos os custos; nesse sentido, a Cratylia argentea é uma excelente alternativa como alimento devido à sua composição bromatológica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o valor nutricional de dietas formuladas com folhas secas de C. argentea na alimentação de coelhos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 28 coelhos brancos da raça Nova Zelândia, com 55 dias de idade, de ambos os sexos. Dois tratamentos (n = 14, 7 machos e 7 fêmeas) foram avaliados em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2. A dieta controle (CTRL) foi formulada para atender às exigências nutricionais de coelhos em crescimento, e a dieta teste (DRY) foi obtida substituindo 20% da dieta CTRL por folhas secas de C. argentea. O período experimental compreendeu 11 dias, sendo sete dias de adaptação e quatro dias de coleta total de fezes. O ganho médio diário, o consumo de matéria seca, a conversão alimentar e o peso corporal final não foram afetados pela substituição da dieta CTRL por folhas secas de C. argentea. O coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca apresentou melhores resultados nos coelhos CTRL (Fêmea: 72,19%, Macho: 72,48%). Coelhos alimentados com a dieta CTRL apresentaram maior consumo de proteína bruta do que os alimentados com a dieta DRY, porém esses coelhos tiveram maior excreção e menor retenção de proteína bruta. Conclui-se que Cratylia argentea apresenta valores de 1.400,67 kcal de energia digestível por kg de matéria seca e 3,34% de proteína digestível por kg de matéria seca.

Could Cratylia argentea replace Tifton 85 hay on growing and finishing lamb diets in tropical areas?

Legumes shrubs such as Cratylia argentea have an ability to thrive in environments with low water availability and poor soil. On the other hand, forage grasses such as Tifton 85 have a greater demand for inputs to be productive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of growing and finishing Lacaune lambs fed Cratylia argentea hay as an alternative to Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp). Twenty-four Lacaune lambs aged between five and six months (average body weight [BW] 21.50 ± 3.38 kg) were arranged in a split-plot randomized block design. The plots consisted of different Cratylia to Tifton 85 hay proportions (0, 20%, 40%, or 100%, dry matter [DM] basis) as a roughage replacement in the total diet. The subplots represented two evaluation times, entitled "initial period" and "final period", which consisted of the early seven days of total feces and urine collection, and the last seven days of the experiment, respectively. The lambs were blocked by weight with six replicates per treatment. The results show that the level of Tifton 85 replacement for Cratylia hay in the roughage portion of the lamb diet did not influence (P > 0.05) weight gain (WG), dry matter intake or dry matter digestibility; feed conversion, feed efficiency; and the evaluated nitrogen balance variables. The digestibility coefficient of neutral detergent fiber decreased linearly as Tifton 85 replacement for Cratylia level was increased, which probably happened due to the presence of highly lignified material within the Cratylia hay. However, the alternative legume maintained animal performance of Tifton 85. In conclusion, Cratylia hay can be recommended as a potential substitute for Tifton 85 hay, which requires greater inputs for the production. Cratylia may be considered a feeding strategy for livestock production, especially for smallholder livestock systems and regions with unfavorable soil and climate.

Nutritional quality of Piptocoma discolor and Cratylia argentea as a non-timber forest products for animal feed in the Caquetá province

The present work determined the nutritional quality of Piptocoma discolor and Cratylia argentea as non-timber forest products used in animal feed in the Amazonian foothills in Caquetá province - Colombia, where the grasses B. decumbens and B. humidicola predominate in the pastures.A random selection of 50 farms was made, identifying that in each of them the shrub species Piptocoma discolor, Cratylia argentea and areas of grasslands for grazing where Brachiarias decumbens and B. humidicola predominate. One sample per species was taken from each farm. The samples were subjected to chemical analysis (CP, ADF, NDF, ADL, cellulose, hemicellulose, EE, ash and IVDDM, OMD, TDN, DE, ME). An analysis of variance was performed for each of the variables evaluated using a linear mixed model, considering the species factor as a fixed effect and municipality was considered a random effect. The model assumptions were evaluated by graphical inspection of residual. A multivariate synthesis to see the interrelation between variables and species was performed using a biplot graphic obtained by principal component analysis. C. argentea and P. discolor presented higher CP levels than the grasses in the pastures (17.7; 13.1; and 6.15%, respectively) with good levels of energy intake, confirming that C. argentea and P. discolor are non-timber forest resources with forage potential.

Rumen Fermentation Profile and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation of Three Forage Species from Agroforestry Systems in Dry and Rainy Seasons

The variability of climatic conditions throughout the year and the physiological maturity of plant material can have effects on the nutritional value of plants and the productive performance of animals. The aim was to determine the effect of three tropical forage species (Tithonia diversifolia, Erythrina poeppigiana and Cratylia argentea) harvested at four cutting ages (30, 45, 60 and 75 days), during the dry and rainy seasons on in vitro gas production, rumen pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (three forage species, four cutting ages and two seasons) was used. Four Brahman bulls of 250.0 ± 20.5 kg of live weight were used, provided with a ruminal cannula for the extraction of ruminal fluid. The animals were kept separately in individual pens, where they were fed with P. maximum and water was provided ad libitum. Gas production among forage species was lower (p = 0.0001) in T. diversifolia and E. poeppigiana in the dry season. The cutting age had an influence on gas production, showing lower production (p = 0.0164) at 30 and 45 days in the dry season. The VFA production showed differences for the effect between forages in the rainy season, with higher values (p < 0.05) for acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the species E. poeppigiana, C. argéntea and T. diversifolia respectively. CH4 production showed differences between forage species, showing the lowest (p = 0.0001) production of CH4 in T. diversifolia for the dry and rainy seasons. It is concluded that the use of shrubby species (T. diversifolia, E. poeppigiana and C. argéntea) in ruminant production systems in the rainy and dry seasons, with an early regrowth age (30 and 45 days), present a promising alternative on the reduction of CH4.

Physiological, morphological, and biochemical characterization of <i>Cratylia argentea</i> (Desv.) Kuntze seeds

Cratylia argentea is a shrub legume native to tropical regions of South America where it is used for animal feed and green manure. In the absence of germination guidelines, the key aim of this study was to define the most suitable temperature for conducting germination and accelerated aging tests. The biochemical attributes of seeds were also assessed. Seeds with 10% moisture from 4 different seed lots were germinated using the between paper method in a germinator at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and alternating temperatures of 20/30 °C (16 h:8 h), with daily counting until germination was stable (seven days without germination). For the accelerated aging test, two temperatures (41 and 45 °C) and six aging periods (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h) for seeds with between 10–40 % moisture content were used. Carbohydrates (%), ethereal extract (%), crude protein (%) and macro and micronutrient contents of the seeds were measured. Results showed that C. argentea seeds consist predominantly of starch (22.67 %) and protein (26.45 %) reserves with a low percentage of lipids. For the germination test, the temperature of 30 °C is recommended, allowing greater percentage and speed of germination, with seedling evaluation at 10 and 20 days. For the accelerated aging test, aging for 48 h at 41 °C is recommended to discriminate C. argentea seed lots in terms of quality.

Anti-infective activity of Cratylia argentea lectin (CFL) against experimental infection with virulent Listeria monocytogenes in Swiss mice

BackgroundThe lectin from Cratylia argentea (CFL) is able to modulate the immune system response and is thus a potential phytotherapeutic substance. Hypothesis/PurposeIn this study, we investigated the role of CFL on control of bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of human listeriosis. Study designSwiss mice were infected with L. monocytogenes and then treated with CFL. MethodsAdult Swiss mice weighing with 30–40 g were infected intraperitoneally with a bacterial suspension (0.2 ml; 1 × 107 CFU/ml). After 30 min, the mice were treated with CFL intravenously at concentrations of 0.1 or 10 mg/kg. Control mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The animals were euthanized 24 h after infection. ResultsWe observed that i.v. administration of CFL to Swiss mice did not cause acute toxicity, and reduced the leukocyte counts in the bloodstream 24 h after infection with virulent L. monocytogenes. There was a reduction in the bacterial burden within peritoneal macrophages after infection in CFL-treated mice. Accordingly, the bacterial counts in the bloodstream, spleen and liver also decreased in comparison with the PBS group. Histological damage in the spleen and liver was lower in mice that received CFL treatment. In vitro antimicrobial assays demonstrated that CFL does not inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes. The mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was enhanced with CFL treatment after infection. ConclusionThe lectin from C. argentea (CFL) has immunomodulatory and anti-infective properties of pharmacological interest for control of infectious diseases.

Occurring the paraquat residues in various Nigerian

Abstract: Because pesticides are ubiquitous and focused on the food chain, they are a substantial source of possible environmental danger to humans and animals. The highest extremely hazardous herbicides to be launched in 60 years ago is paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride). Although most nations have prohibited or severely limited the use of paraquat (PQ), it is still used in others, particularly in Nigeria. As a result, the present study used a spectrophotometric method to look for PQ in some vegetables, crops, and fruits in Abeokuta that are commonly consumed. The presence and amounts of PQ residues were assessed in 150 samples of various vegetables, crops, and fruits (harvested at Fadama field of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta). PQ residues were detected in Talinum triangulare, Corchorus olitorius, Amaranthus caudatus, Cratylia argentea, Capsicum frutescens, Lycopersicum esculentum, Raphanus sativus, Zea may, and Dioscorea alata at 0.130.02, 0.27+0.02, 0.06+0.01, 0.10+0.03, 0.15+0.03, 0. Using this technique, no paraquat residues were found in M. paradisicica or C. papaya. At 0.05-1.0 ppm fortification level, the technique yields a mean recovery of over 80% and is reproducible with a total coefficient of variation of 8.0 percent (n=10). All residual levels found were under the PQ tolerance or pesticide maximum limits.

Establishing <i>Cratylia argentea</i> in an Ultisol in the West of Acre, Southwestern Amazon, Brazil

Cratylia argentea is a multi-purpose shrub with potential as a source of protein for livestock, but is rarely used in production units. This study aimed to monitor the establishment of a stand of this plant in a sandy Ultisol (Red-Yellow Argisol), in an area of 4,000 m2 on a rural property in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil, comparing 2 planting methods: (i) transplanting seedlings (78 in total); and (ii) direct seeding (3,820 seeds in 1,910 pits). The existing pasture was sprayed with glyphosate before planting C. argentea. Subsequently, herbicide and mechanical methods were used to control weeds, while fertilizer was applied and the area was mulched. In the first year after planting, activities performed and inputs were recorded along with costs in order to create a reference model for those intending to cultivate this species in the humid tropics. At 10 months after planting, average height of plants was 162 cm (range 70‒240 cm) with no effect of planting method. Ninety-seven per cent of plants established from seedlings survived, while 81% of pits established from direct seeding in the field had surviving plants. The cost of establishing a hectare of C. argentea was US$ 1,654.17, with 85.8% of the cost for labor and only 14.2% for other inputs, although costs of producing seedlings and hand-planting them were not considered. Studies to develop planting systems using less labor seem warranted.

Terra Ronca State Park: A potential natural <i>Cratylia argentea</i> (Desv.) Kuntze conservation area in Goiás, Brazil

Cratylia argentea (cratília) is a neo-tropical leguminous plant with high resprouting ability, showing great potential as both an animal feed and to fertilize the soil through its N-fixing ability. During scientific expeditions carried out in 2016 to identify and collect germplasm in different states of Brazil, the Terra Ronca State Park (PETeR) stood out as a potential conservation area for this species. There, cratília is well adapted to the dry season, retaining green leaves even during extended dry periods and was found to develop a shrub or climbing habit, depending on light conditions. In the traditional cattle production systems of the region livestock readily consume cratília, making it an important asset for local inhabitants. Based on several populations identified and collected in PETeR, the value of traditional knowledge and use of cratília is discussed as is the potential role of the Park as an in situ conservation unit.

Tannin-rich forage as a methane mitigation strategy for cattle and the implications for rumen microbiota

Context Methane from ruminant livestock systems contributes to the greenhouse effect on the environment, which justifies the adoption of novel feed strategies that mitigate enteric emissions. Aims We investigated the effects of the condensed tannin (CT)-rich legumes Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotyloma axillare, Desmodium paniculatum and Lespedeza procumbens on in vitro methane emissions and rumen microbiota for beef cattle. Methods Four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture were used as inoculum donors. Key results Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, methanogenic archaea and protozoa populations were reduced (P £ 0.05), whereas total ruminal bacteria were enhanced in the presence of CT. Our study also revealed a positive (P £ 0.05) relationship between CT and Fibrobacter succinogenes abundance. Reactive CT from L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens resulted in decreased (P £ 0.05) isoacid content and methane production. Conclusions L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens have the potential to suppress rumen methanogenesis. However, in vitro fermentation of L. leucocephala resulted in greater (P £ 0.05) degradability percentages than the other two species. Implications CT in legume species will have potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to manipulate rumen microbiota and mitigate enteric methanogenesis in livestock production systems.

Tannin-Rich Plants as Natural Manipulators of Rumen Fermentation in the Livestock Industry

Condensed tannins (CTs) are plant anti-herbivore compounds with antimicrobial activity that can be used in ruminant diets as ruminal microbiome manipulators. However, not all CTs from fodder legumes are bioactive due to their wide structural diversity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of 10 CT-containing plants (Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotiloma axilare, D. paniculatum, and Lespedeza procumbens) on in vitro fermentation kinetics of Nelore beef cattle. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a specific CT-binding agent, was added to neutralize condensed tannin. Tifton and alfalfa hay were used as controls lacking CT. The experimental layout included a randomized complete block with factorial design and four blocks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test to determine differences (p < 0.05) among treatment means. The addition of PEG in browse incubations resulted in increased gas production, fermentation rate, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and N-NH3 release. Within our study, Lespedeza procumbens, Desmodium paniculatum, Leucaena leucocephala, Desmodium ovalifolium, and Flemingia macrophylla showed superior bioactivity compared to other species evaluated, suggesting a natural alternative for replacing ionophores to modify ruminal fermentation. Condensed tannins from L. pocumbens, D. paniculatum, L. leucocephala, D. ovalifolium, and F. macrophylla have the potential to modify rumen fermentation in beef cattle.

Nitrogen balance of bullocks fed Cratylia argentea and Brachiaria arrecta Hay

Four experimental diets or treatments formed with incremental proportions of the foliage of tropical shrub legume Cratylia argentea and decremental proportions of Tanner grass (Brachiaria arrecta) hay: T1, 0:100; T2, 15:85; T3, 30:70; and T4, 45:55 were evaluated using four Holstein-Zebu bullocks (214.5 9.3 kg) conned in individual pens, under a balanced 4 x 4 latin square design. The crude protein (CP, %) content of C. argentea was 19.3 ± 6%, and in the grass was 6.2 ± 3%. The intake of DM increased as the C. argentea level in the diet increased. Blood urea-N (BUN) showed a linear increase from T1 to T4, observing its highest concentration at feeding time and six-hours after in T4: 12.00 and 14.75 mg dL-1, respectively. Purine derivatives (uric acid and allantoin) were not affected by treatments (p &gt; 0.05). The increase of the legume in the diet improved the DM intake and digestibility, and led to N-balance from negative in T1 and T2, to positive in T3 and T4. The legume proportion in a basal diet of the grass B. arrecta must be 30% at least.

Characterization and biological activity of condensed tannins from tropical forage legumes

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize condensed tannins (CT) from six tropical forage legumes and to determine their biological activity. The monomers propelargonidin, prodelphinidin and procyanidin were analyzed, as well as extractable condensed tannin (ECT), protein-bound CT (PBCT) and fiber-bound CT (FBCT), molecular weight, degree of polymerization, polydispersity index, and biological activity by protein precipitate by phenols (PPP) of leaves of the legumes Cajanus cajan, Gliricidia sepium, Stylosanthes capitata x Stylosanthes macrocephala (stylo), Flemingia macrophylla, Cratylia argentea, and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and of the bark of this latter species. Differences were observed in the concentrations of ECT, PBCT, PPP, and total condensed tannin among species, but not in that of FBCT. The highest value of PBCT occurred in F. macrophylla. Total CT varied from nondetected concentration in C. argentea to the highest concentration in M. caesalpiniifolia leaves that contain the greatest levels of PPP. No differences were observed for polymerization degree in stylo, F. macrophylla, and M. caesalpiniifolia. Leaves of stylo, C. cajan, and G. sepium, all containing between 20 and 50 g kg-1 total CT, should be beneficial CT sources, if offered as sole feeds in ruminant diets. The ratio of prodelphinidin:procyanidin varies from 10:80 (stylo) to 65:35 (F. machrophylla), and propelargonidin is only determined in C. argentea.

Response of Cratylia argentea (Desvaux) O. Kuntzeto inoculation with Rhizobium sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp. strains

'Cratylia argentea' is a neotropical leguminous shrub that exhibits symbiosis with nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria and high levels of protein. Thus, it has potential for animal feed and green manure. In spite of its potential, few cultivars are registered for the species and there is little information in regard to its interaction with N-fixing microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobium strains on the growth and concentration of N in 'Cratylia argentea'. Seeds were inoculated with two strains of 'Rhizobium' sp.,CR 33 (BR10243) and CR42 (BR10244), and four strains of 'Bradyrhizobium' sp., CR52 (BR10257), CPAC-B10, SEMIA 6464 (BR3262), and SEMIA 6462 (BR3267), and sown in pots filled with sand and vermiculite in a greenhouse. After 150 days we evaluated the number of nodules, shoot and nodules dry matter, total nitrogen and crude protein contents for the shoots. The plants inoculated with CR 52 exhibited nodulation, with nodular efficiency of 0.189 and relative efficiency of 66.14%; it is possible to observe the effect of nodulation as of 85 days after sowing. Based on the obtained results it was identified the strain that showed symbiosis with 'C. argentea' and presents potential to be used as a commercial inoculant.

Effectiveness of Cratylia argentea as an animal feed supplement in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep

Gastrointestinal nematodes are considered one of the most important sanitary problems affecting ruminants globally; whether parasitizing alone or acting with other pathogens, they are responsible for severe economic losses related to animal husbandry. Endoparasites in small ruminants are usually controlled with anti-helminthic drugs. However, certain strains of endoparasites are resistant to such drugs. Supplementation of the diet with protein-rich foods is one strategy for reducing the negative impact of gastrointestinal parasites. Cratylia argentea has anthelmintic properties and other characteristics that favor its use as an animal feed supplement. In the present study, we subdivided crossbred lambs into homogeneous groups and fed them C. argentea (G1), C. argentea plus Brachiaria spp. (G2), or Brachiaria spp. (G3) only. The animals in group G1 had a lower average number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) at Day 42 (p &lt; 0.05), and the average count was ten times lower than that in the control at the last evaluated time-point (Day 56). The animals exhibited linear weight gain, and those in group G1 gained the most weight. The combined use of drugs and plants containing bioactive compounds can minimize the evolution of multidrug resistance, prolonging the efficacy of the drugs. The FAMACHA® score showed little variation during the experiment (p &gt; 0.05), indicating the absence of anemia and normal globular volume. This reinforces the importance of the measurement of EPG; this is a quantitative method and does not depend on the subjective interpretation of the results.

Apparent digestibility coefficients of Thitonia diversifolia and Cratylia argentea by cachama blanca and its effects on intestinal villi

In order to identify new sources of raw protein materials and not compete with human food, was the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (CDA-P), dry matter (CDA- MS) and energy (CDA-E) of mexican sunflower (BO) Tithonia diversifolia and Cratylia (CR) Cratylia argentea, for cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus and their effects on intestinal villi were determined. To estimate these coefficients, the indirect method with marker, feces collecting were employed. A hundred and twenty white cachamas (average weight 210g), fed on a diet reference semipurified (DRS) 69.5%, 0.5% inert trace marker ingredient and raw material were evaluated at a level of 30% inclusion. Feces were collected after 10 hours of food supply each hour during 12 hours. To measure the villi, intestine samples were taken at three times of diet consumption: 0, 5 and 10 days. The CDA-P were: 69.42% for Mexican sunflower and 44.84% for cratylia, being statistically differet. As for CDA E, Mexican sunflower 67.37% were higher and statistically different than cratylia 34.27%. Although digestibility values obtained for these raw materials were lower than those reported for raw materials most commonly used in fish feed, the Mexican sunflower approaches to soybean cake. Raw materials caused denudation in the villi during the first few days, however after 10 days the villi started to recuperate its high, showing an adaption of P. brachypomus to the evaluated ingredients.

Anthelmintic efficacy of Cratylia argentea (Desv.) Kuntze against the gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

The use of natural products having therapeutic properties can be considered an alternative approach for the control of helminths in ruminants, reducing the indiscriminate use of chemicals as well as production costs. The anthelmintic effectiveness of Cratylia argentea on sheep endoparasites was evaluated both in vitro by assessing the number of third-stage larvae recovered per gram of feces (LPG) from coprocultures treated with pods/ground seeds, macerated leaves or vermiculite (control), and in vivo using the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) in two groups of lambs (n = 8/group) that received 1 mL kg-1 body weight of C. argentea solution (treated group) or distilled water (control group) orally. When compared to control group, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of LPG in the leaves group (55.88%; p ? 0.05) and pods/ground seeds group (82.48%; p ? 0.01). There was no significant reduction (p &gt; 0.05) in the average count of EPG upon treatment with the aqueous solution of C. argentea. These findings suggest that C. argentea extract mainly obtained from pods/ground seeds has a promising potential for the control of young stages of gastrointestinal nematodes. However, further studies are needed to validate the use of C. argentea as an alternative method for the control of parasitic diseases of ruminants.

Plant growth evaluation of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. and Cratylia argentea (Desvaux) O. Kuntze., in soils degraded by sand and gravel extraction

In this research, the adaptability of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) and veranera (Cratylia argentea (Desvaux) O. Kuntze) species, was evaluated in soils degraded by sand and gravel extraction. The three species were planted in bags as follows: 20 x 10cm, each with 3 seeds, with a substrate 2:1 soil and sand, respectively. The plants were grown under shadow conditions with 50% for 60 days, and received irrigation according to climate conditions. Therefore, were transplanted at field conditions, plant height (PH), fully developed leaves (FDL) and stem diameter (SD) variables, were measured every week for 10 weeks. A randomized block design was used with a fixed balanced effect. The number of replicates per treatment was four, the multivariate technique MANOVA variance with orthogonal type was included and the method of maximum likelihood was used to establish the dimensionality of the contrast. In fact, one-dimensional comparisons were carried out using Tukey method, which had achieved type I error of 5% statistical significance. Significant difference among plants for PH (p&lt;0.05) variable was obtained. In addition, SD variable showed differences from the third week for all evaluated plants (p&lt;0.05). A highly significant and directly proportional relationship among HP, FDL and SD variables (p&lt;0.0001), was found. MANOVA Multivariate Analysis showed a highly significant difference among evaluated species (p&lt;0.0001), which confirms the hypothesis. It was expected that species were developing and growing despite having contrasting conditions in the study area.