Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation Research Articles

Surgical Stabilisation of a Coxofemoral Luxation in a Northern Goshawk (Accipter gentilis) with Transarticular Pinning

A 3-year-old male northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) used in falconry for hunting was diagnosed with a craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation of the left leg after an unsuccessful hunting flight. Closed reduction in the dislocation was unsuccessful and the hip joint reluxed again with slight abduction of the limb. An open surgical reduction with a transarticular stabilization using a normogradely inserted Kirschner wire was performed. The implant was removed surgically after five weeks. After about seven weeks, the owner saw no abnormalities in the loading of the limbs, and the goshawk was successfully used for hunting after nine months in the next hunting season.

Diagnostic Procedures and Surgical Treatment of Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation in a dwarf rabbit

To our knowledge, there are no sufficient reports on the full management of hip luxation in rabbits, including descriptions of the diagnostics procedure with the use of computed tomography, surgical procedure, and postoperative management with a measurable assessment of the results. The objective of this study was to report on a computed tomography examination of a coxofemoral joint in a rabbit, a surgical technique for the repair of craniodorsal coxofemoral dislocation, as well as short- and long-term postoperative outcomes. Craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed by physical examination and radiographic examination. A craniodorsal luxation of the femoral head and the presence of an intact femoral neck were confirmed by computed tomography. An ostectomy of the femoral head and neck was performed using a craniolateral open approach. The coxofemoral luxation was successfully reduced, and reluxation did not occur. At short- and long-term follow-ups, in parallel with clinical examination, an extensive pain assessment protocol was applied. CT proved to be a simple and effective technique and should be considered as an alternative to radiographic examination for diagnosis of coxofemoral luxation in rabbits. An immediate surgical intervention in hip dislocation in rabbits is necessary to alleviate pain associated with the movement of the injured joint and to avoid development of degenerative changes. In follow-up examinations after the procedure, a reliable assessment of postoperative pain and the effectiveness of perioperative analgesia should be made by introducing a postoperative pain assessment protocol. It could simplify an objective comparison between outcomes of different orthopaedic procedures in rabbits.

Successful Treatment of Acute Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation in a Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber) Using Closed Reduction and a Modified Ehmer Sling.

Whereas craniodorsal displacement of the coxofemoral joint is the most common luxation reported in small and large mammals, it occurs less often in avian species. Closed reduction and external coaptation with a modified Ehmer sling is the initial treatment, in most cases, for small animals (eg, dogs, cats) that present with a coxofemoral luxation. However, the Ehmer sling is reported to have a low success rate in treating coxofemoral luxations in these animals. Intractable coxofemoral luxations require an open surgical reduction. A few successful closed reductions of coxofemoral luxations have been reported in avian patients, as well as open reduction surgical techniques to repair avian coxofemoral luxations. The successful treatment of an acute craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in a scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) with a closed reduction and a modified Ehmer sling is described in this clinical report. The specific characteristics of both the patient and the injury are thought to have contributed to the success in this case.

Femoral head ostectomy as a treatment for craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in an 18-month-old Shorthorn heifer

An 18-month-old, 402-kg, Shorthorn heifer was presented to the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine for a chronic craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation. The patient was treated with a femoral head...

Reluxation Rates Following Different Techniques for Open Stabilisation of Feline Coxofemoral Dislocations

<p><strong>PICO question</strong></p><p>In cats with craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation does surgical stabilisation using a toggle rod technique result in a lower rate of reluxation than using a transarticular pin?</p><p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong></p><p>There is currently insufficient evidence to identify if transarticular pinning or a toggle rod technique result in lower rates of reluxation following surgical management of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in cats.</p><p>Both transarticular pinning and toggling using the Arthrex Mini TightRope system with Arthrex FiberWire suture resulted in 0% reluxation rates at short-term radiographic follow up with 0/20 joints reluxated at 2–6 weeks post-transarticular pinning and 0/4 joints reluxated at 6 weeks post-toggling.</p><p>Toggling using an IMEX toggle (IMEX Veterinary Inc.) and polydioxanone (PDS II, Ethicon) suture had a higher reluxation rate of 14% (2/14 joints) at 3.5 to 6 weeks postsurgery.</p><p>Longer term follow up of joints stabilised using transarticular pinning found 16.6% reluxation (2/13 joints) when radiographed at least 6 months after surgery.</p><p>Small sample sizes, and variations in the length of follow up, inclusion and exclusion criteria and surgical technique significantly challenges any conclusions that may be drawn.</p><p>It does appear that reluxation rates for all three techniques investigated here compare favourably to generally quoted reluxation rates following open reduction (28% quoted by Rochereau et al., 2012) and that the use of all reported techniques can be justified for the management of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in cats.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

Minimally Invasive Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction with TightRope® for Coxofemoral Luxation in a Korean Water Deer(Hydropotes inermis argyopus)

A Korean water deer was rescued with non-weight-bearing lameness of the right hind limb. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation. The cause of the right coxofemoral luxation (CL) was unknown. We performed minimally invasive arthroscopic-assisted reduction with toggle pin fixation (mini TightRope ® ). Craniodorsal CL in the water deer was reduced and stabilized successfully. At 60 days after admission, the water deer was successfully released back into the wild. This minimally invasive surgical technique can be used to correct coxofemoral luxation in wild animals.

Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy for Surgical Treatment of Acute Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation in Rabbits

Craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation is a common orthopedic condition causing lameness in rabbits, which may be caused through iatrogenic, congenital, or traumatic means. Current treatment methods for coxofemoral luxation in rabbit patients typically begins with conservative management in the form of restricted activity and often results in the need for an open surgical approach to the affected hip for a femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHNO). However, this technique has never been described for domestic rabbits. Because an FHNO is often performed successfully, it should be considered by veterinarians in rabbits diagnosed with a coxofemoral luxation that cannot be reduced. This article describes and illustrates the FHNO surgical procedure for the domestic rabbit.

Radiographic diagnosis of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in standing equids

SummaryRadiographic evaluation of the pelvis in standing horses has been used to diagnose fractures of the pelvis, head and greater trochanter of the femur, and luxations of the coxofemoral joint. Coxofemoral luxation injuries are more common in smaller horse breeds and donkeys, but, due to their size, the standing ventrodorsal projection is not possible, as there is insufficient space to place the radiography equipment under the animal's abdomen. The objective of the study was to report the advantages and limitations of the use of an oblique radiographic projection to diagnose unilateral craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in 3 ponies and a donkey performed with the animals standing under light sedation. All cases had severe unilateral hindlimb lameness and asymmetry of the gluteal region; 2 also had concurrent intermittent upward fixation of the patella. A standing dorsolateral 20–30° ventral oblique radiograph of the affected coxofemoral joint was performed in all cases to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Radiography of the coxofemoral joint in standing ponies and donkeys can be carried out to identify craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation avoiding the need for general anaesthesia.

Correction of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in cats and small breed dogs using a modified Knowles technique with the braided polyblend TightRope™ systems

To report the surgical technique and short-term radiographic and functional outcome data for a series of client owned, small breed dogs and cats treated for traumatic craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation using open reduction and internal fixation with the Arthrex Mini TightRope (mTR) and TightRope (TR) systems. Data were collected retrospectively from the clinical case records, including the initial clinical and radiographic findings, surgical technique, and postoperative short-term clinical and radiographic data. Functional data collected after the six weeks reassessment were obtained via owner questionnaire. Four cats (mTR = 4) and five small breed dogs (mean weight 15 kg; TR = 4, mTR = 1) were included. Median time to postoperative weight bearing was one day. Median lameness score at six weeks postoperatively was 0 out of 5. Coxofemoral joint congruity was radiographically confirmed at the six weeks postoperative visit. Telephone follow-up (at a median of 16 weeks) revealed all animals had returned to their previous level of activity. Complications were minor, and limited to postoperative swelling (n = 1). Clinical use of the Arthrex Mini TightRope and TightRope systems can be recommended for traumatic craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in this novel application as short-term results are at least comparable to existing surgical techniques. Long-term follow-up studies are needed.

Femoral head excision after coxofemoral luxation in an Arab filly: Four years follow-up

Summary A foal with a cranio-dorsal coxofemoral luxation was treated with a prosthetic capsulorraphy technique after open reduction. After reluxation a femoral head ostectomy was performed for salvage purposes. The filly was discharged with minimal lameness and was using the limb properly after 51 days of hospitalisation. Four years later the filly is still doing well as a breeding mare, with an acceptable quality of life despite angular deformities in the contralateral limb.

Treatment of a Coxofemoral Luxation in a Pony Using a Prosthetic Capsule Technique

To report open reduction and joint stabilization using a prosthetic capsule technique for treatment of a craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in a lightweight pony. Clinical report. Pony stallion (8 years old, 113 kg). A craniodorsal approach to the coxofemoral joint was performed under general anesthesia. After open reduction, a prosthetic capsule technique was used. Four 3.5 mm self-tapping cortical anchor screws were implanted: 2 screws were inserted above the cranial aspect of the dorsal acetabular rim, and 2 screws were inserted into the femoral neck. Subsequently, a #5 USP ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene suture was placed through these anchor screws in figure-8 fashion to serve as a prosthetic capsule. Routine closure and a medial patellar desmotomy completed the surgical procedure. Postoperatively, the pony was cross tied for 4 weeks to prevent it from lying down. Neither short-term nor long-term complications occurred and the pony was sound at the follow-up examination performed 15 months postoperatively. A prosthetic capsule technique can be used successfully to stabilize the coxofemoral joint after open reduction of a craniodorsal luxation in a lightweight pony.

Combined intra-extra-articular technique for stabilisation of coxofemoral luxation

To report a new technique for repairing traumatic cranio-dorsal coxofemoral luxation in dogs. Stabilisation of hip luxation was carried out in two dogs: a one-year-old male Border Collie and an eight-year-old female American Staffordshire Bull Terrier. A caudal approach was performed to expose the hip joint. Following this, a 2.5 mm hole was drilled through the acetabular wall at the original attachment of the round ligament, followed by a tunnel between the fovea capitis and the proximal third of the femur. Nylon tape was tied in a clove hitch knot around the femoral neck. The tape was placed as a bridge over the ischial spine to create an acetabular roof in order to increase articular stabilisation. Follow-up examinations were performed at 10, 40 and 90 days after surgery.The dogs did not show any signs of lameness, pain or reoccurrence of the luxation during any of the follow-up examinations. This tape-technique enabled reinforcement of the acetabular roof which in turn increased the stability of the joint.

Diagnostic Procedures and Surgical Treatment of Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation in Calves

To report use of ultrasonographic examination of the coxofemoral joint, a surgical technique for repair of craniodorsal coxofemoral dislocation, and outcome. Clinical case reports. Calves (n=4) with coxofemoral luxation. Craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed by physical examination, radiographic, and ultrasonographic findings. Open surgical reduction of the femoral head was performed using a modified caudal approach. Craniodorsal luxation of the femoral head and the presence of an intact femoral neck were confirmed by ultrasonography. All luxations were successfully reduced and reluxation did not occur. At follow-up, 1 heifer had calved and 1 was 5 months pregnant. One calf died of bronchopneumonia 6 days after surgery. One calf had severe coxofemoral degenerative joint disease diagnosed (ultrasonography, radiography, and arthrocentesis) 3 months after surgery and confirmed by necropsy. Ultrasonography proved to be a simple and effective non-invasive technique for diagnosis of coxofemoral luxation. Immediate surgical intervention in hip dislocation in calves is necessary to avoid unnecessary trauma to subchondral structures. In calves, open instead of closed surgical reduction appears preferable because it allows access to the acetabular cavity for removal of debris. Ultrasonography should be considered a supplementary but not an alternative to radiographic examination for diagnosis of coxofemoral luxation and for follow-up examinations after reduction.

HIP LUXATION IN A WOODCHUCK (MARMOTA MONAX): SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT BY CLOSED REDUCTION AND A MODIFIED EHMER SLING

An elastic tape sling successfully maintained reduction of a craniodorsal right coxofemoral luxation in a woodchuck (Marmota monax). No complications were encountered during the 14 days that the sling was in place. The animal remained normal through the following 8 mo.

Flexible external fixation for craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in dogs.

An external fixator consisting of two Ellis pins connected by a flexible band was developed and evaluated as a treatment for craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in dogs. The technique for closed application of the fixator without injury to the coxofemoral joint or sciatic nerve was developed in six dog cadavers. The coxofemoral joints were then surgically destabilized and the limbs were manipulated through a full range of motion to assess the efficacy of the fixator in maintaining joint reduction. The fixator maintained joint reduction and stability after a surgically created craniodorsal luxation except when the femur was externally rotated 90 degrees. A flexible external fixator was then applied unilaterally in four healthy dogs. The dogs tolerated the fixator well and were bearing weight on the limb within 2 days after surgery; the range of motion was not limited by the fixator. The efficacy of a flexible external fixator in maintaining joint reduction after craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation was then evaluated in eight large dogs. The right coxofemoral joint in each dog was luxated surgically by removal of the dorsal joint capsule and transection of the ligament of the head of the femur and deep gluteal muscle. The joint was reduced and the fixator pins were applied in a closed fashion. In four dogs, a flexible external band was applied to the pins. Luxation did not reccur in these four dogs. The bands were not applied initially in four control dogs. Luxation occurred in three of the four control dogs within 24 hours of surgery. The joints that luxated were reduced and the flexible bands applied. Luxation did not recur after the bands were in place. The dogs tolerated the external fixators well, were bearing weight within 2 days of surgery, and walking with only minimal lameness 5 days after surgery. Luxation of the coxofemoral joints did not occur during the 2-week period in which the fixators were in place. The joints remained stable 1 week after removal of the fixators, at which time the dogs were euthanatized. Necropsy evaluation identified inflammation surrounding the pins and fibrous thickening of the dorsal joint capsule. The flexible external fixators were applied closed, maintained reduction of the coxofemoral joint after replacement of a craniodorsal luxation, and allowed weight bearing and limb usage soon after surgery. The flexible external fixator has several advantages over other methods of treating craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations. Complications noted in this study included pin tract drainage, pin loosening, and disruption of the flexible bands.

Ischio-Ilial Pinning for Stabilization of Coxofemoral Luxations in Twenty-One Dogs: A Retrospective Evaluation

SummaryTwenty-one dogs with craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation were managed with placement of an ischio-ilial pin. The overall success rate in maintaining reduction was 73%, with pins placed at a central position resulting in the lowest incidence of reluxation (p = 0.095). Postoperative complications included pin migration (n = 2), septic arthritis (n = 1), pressure sores n = 3), and decubital ulcers (n = 1).