Craig Colony Research Articles

Long term trends in PBDE concentrations in gannet ( Morus bassanus) eggs from two UK colonies

We used the eggs of an avian sentinel, the Northern gannet ( Morus bassanus), to determine long-term (1977–2007) trends in PBDE contamination in Western Atlantic (Ailsa Craig colony) and North Sea (Bass Rock colony) waters around the UK. BDEs 47, 49, 99, 100, 153, 154 were the most abundant and were found in all eggs. Individual congener and ΣPBDE concentrations in eggs from both colonies increased mainly from the late 1980s, peaked in 1994, and then rapidly declined so that concentrations in 2002 were similar to or lower than those in the 1970s and 1980s. The PBDE congener profile and temporal variation in PBDE concentrations suggests that the Penta-BDE technical formula was the main source of PBDE contamination. However, contributions of heavier BDE congeners to ΣPBDE concentrations have increased over time, suggesting other sources are becoming more important. PBDEs had no measurable effect on egg volume or eggshell index.

Contributions of the founders of Craig Colony to epileptology and public care of epileptics: 1890-1915.

Craig Colony in Sonyea, New York, was America's first comprehensive public epilepsy center. The background to its establishment (the first patients were admitted in 1896) and its role as a model for other institutions is described. The history of the first 25 years of the Colony is recounted and the contributions to epileptology, and the legacy to health care, of the founders--William Pryor Letchworth, Frederick Peterson, Roswell Park, William P. Spratling and Frederick Munson--are assessed.

The Importance of Spratling

William P. Spratling made important contributions to American epileptology at the beginning of this century. He was the first medical superintendent of Craig Colony for Epileptics from 1893 to 1908, cofounder and president of the National Association for the Study of Epilepsy, and first editor of its scholarly journal, Transactions. During his tenure at Craig Colony, Spratling established standards for safe and humane public care of epileptics. He started the first American residency training program emphasizing epileptology. Spratling conducted the first American multicenter research on the causes of death in epilepsy. The dosage of bromide therapy, which he empirically determined, remains correct. In his book Epilepsy and Its Treatment, Spratling substantiated the cortical origin theory of epilepsy developed by Jackson and Gowers. He was the first American to postulate and investigate a biochemical etiology of generalized seizures in the absence of anatomic lesions. Despite signal accomplishments, his untimely, tragic death may explain why he remains obscure.

Evening Nurses

MR. CRANE (Craig Colony School Nursing; US., M.S., Univ-cnity of Rochester. N.Y.) was assistant chief. Evening Nursing Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, Caiundaigua, X.Y.. at the time he wrote this article. He is presently assistant chief. Nursing Scnice, Veterans Administration Hospital, Lebanon, Pa.

An Unusual Student Organization

T started, like most of our bright ideas, at the cafeteria dinner table. Here we were, a large group of student nurses at Elmhurst General Hospital, without a school organization. Why not do something about it? That's just what we did; a small group of us discussed formalities, and the next day a notice appeared the bulletin board announcing a mass meeting of the student body. But let's go back the beginning. The hospital is a large new building in a pleasant residential section of metropolitan New York. Among its educational facilities is an unusual school which provides a year of affiliation for students from hospital schools of nursing operated by the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene. The schools include Brooklyn State, Craig Colony, Manhattan State, Rochester State, St. Lawrence State, and Willard State. The school is unusual in many ways. First, all the students are in their second year-one big junior class, without freshmen down on or seniors to look up to. Our first and third years are spent at our own home schools, but since our education must include all the varied experiences which go into making a well-rounded professional nurse, we affiliate at a general hospital for a

Chlorpromazine (thorazine) treatment of disturbed epileptic patients.

One hundred sixty-five disturbed epileptics of ages from 3 to 69 years have been treated at Craig Colony with chlorpromazine for periods varying from 2 to 12 months, the majority of whom are female. This series includes a group of 78 patients on whom a preliminary report1was submitted about a year ago and a supplemental group of 87 patients. The length of treatment is shown in Table 1. Selection for therapy was based on behavior and emotional disturbances, episodic and chronic, clinically manifested by irritability, excitement states, temper outbursts, furor states, restlessness, overactivity, resistiveness, destructiveness, assaultiveness, nakedness, aggression (such as biting, scratching, and pulling hair of self and others), self-mutilation, noisiness, profanity, night wandering, filthy habits, and active psychotic trends. Many frequently required large doses of sedation or some form of restraint or seclusion. The overwhelming majority of patients are mentally defective, with 21 idiots, 47 imbeciles, 46

Chlorpromazine (thorazine) treatment of disturbed epileptic patients; preliminary report.

This report covers the treatment of 78 epileptic patients at Craig Colony for a period varying from 30 to 60 days. All of the patients were female, and the group under treatment for the longest period represented the worst, most actively disturbed patients in an institution of 2300 The patients were selected in consultation with the ward physician, ward supervisor, and other ward personnel, and the method of selection was simply, Name your 50 most troublesome patients. All of these patients lived in a closed service and were allowed to continue their daily activities as before. Later, additional cases were added. All were kept under close observation, and laboratory studies were undertaken when indicated by clinical judgment. Behavior difficulties were characterized by episodic disturbed states and chronic disturbed states, involving hyperactivity, aggression, hostility, assaultiveness, noisiness, resistiveness, temper outbursts, furor states, and destructiveness. Many frequently required large doses of sedation

CLINICAL AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF TRIDIONE IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS

1. Clinical results. Tridione was administered to 75 patients suffering from epilepsy. Clinically, tridione appears to be most effective in cases of epilepsy with spastic cerebral palsies of the milder type; 65% of this group were improved. This is particularly true in children with mild attacks or with mild organic impairment whose seizures are less severe and in whom the manifestations observed are of more recent origin. Sixty percent of the patients who had petit mal seizures were improved. Tnidione was of value in one-half of the patients who experienced psychomotor attacks. Only 30% of the patients with grand mal seizures improved. Tridione appears to be of no value in the myoclonias observed at Craig Colony. 2. EEG. observations. Thirty-eight or 51% of the patients manifested EEG. improvement. Beneficial effect on the EEG. record and clinical reduction of seizures were not always concomitant. In 17 patients in whom clinical improvement was not present, the EEG. record showed improvement, and 15 case...

We Need Standards of Nursing Care

Miss McQuillan (Craig Colony, New York) has had experience in different hospitals as staff nurse and head nurse, and at present is supervisor at a large general hospital. She is also studying at Teachers College, Columbia University.

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in New York State institutions for the mentally ill

1. Chest X-ray surveys of all the public mental institutions in New York State have been completed. 2. Clinically significant pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 5.6 per cent of the patients in the State hospitals and in 2.4 per cent of the patients in the State schools and Craig Colony. 3. The prevalence rates increase with the length of time between first admission and the X-ray survey. They also increase with age, in the hospitals up to age 45, and in the schools at all ages. 4. Among patients with time periods up to five years between first admission and X-ray, the prevalence of tuberculosis among dementia praecox patients is in general, lower than, or approximately equal to, the prevalence among patients with other types of mental disease. 5. Clinically significant pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed among 1.1 per cent of the employees of the State hospitals and 0.7 per cent of the employees of the State schools and Craig Colony. 6. Facilities for the segregation of patients with clinically significant pulmonary tuberculosis are inadequate at present, but plans are being made for the provision of well-equipped centers for the segregation and treatment of these patients.

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig colony

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig colony

General stasistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General stasistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State Hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to State hospitals, State Schools and Craig Colony

General statistical information relating to state hospitals, state schools and craig colony

General statistical information relating to state hospitals, state schools and craig colony