Craft-based Industry Research Articles

ANALISIS BENTUK PRODUK KERAMIK STUDIO MANDIRI DENGAN TEMA TRADISI LOKAL INDONESIA MELALUI PENDEKATAN ‘ATUMICS’

Indonesia, known for its rich cultural diversity and traditional practices, offers a wide range of ceramic
 products that have a strong basis in tradition. These creations appear from the artistic endeavors of
 individual artists, independent studios, and craft-based industries. The scope of diversity extends beyond
 the topic of the field of tradition, which includes a combination of technical abilities and materials used
 for the creation of a piece, thus implementing a transformation of a local tradition into an innovative
 and creative product. This article present an exhibition and analysis of independent studio and craftbased industries ceramics products that explore the theme of local Indonesian traditions through the
 application of the The ATUMICS method is a way of Transformation Tradition that was introduced by
 Adhi Nugraha. The study using the ATUMICS framework, which refers Artifact (A), Technique (T),
 Utility (U), Material (M), Icon (I), Concepts (C) and Shape (S). These models were utilized to define
 the components that were found in ceramics products originating from three different ceramic studio
 or craft-based industries in Indonesia. The research results provide insight into which elements can be
 applied and combined through the ATUMICS method to enhance local traditions in ceramics.
 
 Keywords: ceramic, craft, product, tradition, atumics

Amounee, a case for micro entrepreneurship: giving voice to the artisans of the Indian handicrafts industry

Social implications The case projects how a women-led social enterprise provides livelihoods through a digitally operated unique micro-entrepreneurship model for the rural artisans of the Indian handicrafts industry, thus bringing about social change through economic empowerment of the community. Learning outcomes To understand how women entrepreneurship is contributing towards livelihood generation and rural artisan empowerment in India. To understand the make-up of a for-profit social enterprise in the Indian Handicrafts Industry, its challenges and solutions through innovative business. To present the mindset and journey of a woman social entrepreneur. To present and understand the growth and scaling up of such unique social ventures. To understand a unique form of the micro entrepreneurship model being built through digital platforms. Case overview/synopsis The objective of writing this case is to bring out a case of women entrepreneurship in the craft-based industry in India. This case seeks to emphasise on the following learning themes in the area of entrepreneurship: Women entrepreneurship: trials and tribulations. Micro entrepreneurship/rural artisan empowerment. Livelihood generation and upliftment of the rural artisans and revival of dying art and crafts in the Indian craft-based industry. The novel ecommerce and data analytics experience being skilfully incorporated by small enterprises to their vantage and making both the seller’s as well as the buyer’s experience unique. The case highlights how the unique business models of social entrepreneurship through the use of technology bring the digital experience to rural India. Social entrepreneurship. The case narrates the story of a budding social entrepreneur Megha Das who is a textile designer by profession and showcases her journey towards the creation of unique digital platforms which transf Complexity academic level The case has been targeted to be taught in Masters level course in business management/administration, entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, development studies, gender studies, design, etc. Its watered-down version can also be taught in under graduate programs in commerce, business management, business administration, fashion and textile designing, entrepreneurship, development studies, gender studies, etc. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CCS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Dreams of Weaving: Creative Practice-Led Approach to Handloom Product Development in Sri Lanka Using Artisans’ Socio-Emotional Identities

Amidst the contemporary global trends of “hyper-localised” and “sustainable” fashion, the craft-based industries have been given substantial importance in recent times. Realising the competence of the Handloom weaving industry in Sri Lanka within the global fashion industry, this research proposes a new product development approach using the socio-emotional identities of the Handloom artisans. The study takes a practice-led approach following an initial data collection through qualitative research where a purposive sample of twenty-seven Handloom artisans from three provinces in Sri Lanka are interviewed and observed to identify their socio-emotional identities. The study subsequently guides the creation of an un-cut handloom textile developed by the artisans to explore the potential portrayal of the socio-emotional identities of a cross-section of Handloom weavers in Sri Lankan in the final product. This practice-led research chiefly contributes to the Handloom textile sector of Sri Lanka as it provides innovative and unforeseen avenues for new product development and contributes to the existing knowledge of craft-based research. The study affirms the need for acknowledging the Handloom artisans in Sri Lanka and adapting artisan-oriented approaches in future product development. These findings are also valuable in new product development for the Handloom weaving industry in the countries sharing the same industry attributes in the South Asian region.

The role of effectual networking in small business marketing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the recent calls for an in-depth investigation of the entrepreneurial marketing (EM) practices of small businesses and a further conceptual development of EM under market uncertainty. Drawing on the EM mix (i.e. person, purpose, practices and process), the authors aim to conceptualise EM under market uncertainty through principles of effectual networking. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an in-depth case study of an owner-manager who networks with many different stakeholders to create new markets for wool in the Norwegian wool industry. Findings Situated within the creative and craft-based industries, the study demonstrates that market uncertainty can be reduced through effectual networking to produce highly beneficial outcomes for small businesses. The findings give rise to a new model of the EM mix under uncertainty, emphasising the role of the owner-manager (i.e. person) and the purpose as the outset and driving force of the EM process. These two elements constitute the initial means in the means-driven EM process and the foundation for subsequent EM practices. The person, purpose and practices interact iteratively, and focal effectual networking principles guide EM practices. Originality/value This paper expands and contextualises existing theories on EM under market uncertainty by introducing the effectual networking perspective. This represents a hitherto under-investigated area of research in small business marketing.

Backstreet capitalism: An analysis of the family firm in the nineteenth-century Sheffield cutlery industry

Drawing upon a database compiled using digital sources, this article explores the development and characteristics of over 1000 Sheffield cutlery enterprises. In Sheffield cutlery, the family was virtually synonymous with the firm. Large factories were rare, with no more than a dozen businesses employing more than 250 workers by 1914. Foreign manufacturers or merchants were sparse, too, and only about 20 have been found operating in Sheffield in the nineteenth century. Businesses drew their strength in the first instance from individual family skills, within a quintessentially craft-based industry. The backstreet nature of most cutlery enterprises enabled women (and children) to play a key role in both the home and factory – sometimes providing additional support through their involvement in the beer houses and shops that many families operated as a second enterprise. Companies often formed miniature family dynasties, reflecting the father-to-son nature of the trade and the connectedness (sometimes through marriage) with other families. Digital sources should allow other family-based English industries or clusters to be recreated in similar detail.

Reinventing artisanal knowledge and practice: a critical review of innovation in a craft-based industry

This paper presents a critical review of the ways in which the specialised knowledge and working practices of craft-based industries have been transformed in the context of broader processes of industrialisation and global competition. The opening section makes the case for artisanal knowledge as a ‘Cinderella’ subject that remains important yet largely uncharted territory for innovation researchers. It is followed by a critical review of existing empirical and theoretical studies that have examined the reproduction and reinvention of artisanal knowledge. The review concludes that valuable insights remain obscured because of the way in which this literature is distributed across discrete disciplines with little evidence of cross-fertilisation or integration. Several common themes emerge, which provide the basis for an outline theoretical framework. The central arguments are illustrated with reference to a case-based analysis of the technological and social innovations that have taken place in English farmhouse cheese-making over an extended period, from the pre-industrial era to the beginning of the present century. The concluding section considers how more nuanced understandings of artisanal knowledge and practice might enhance innovation theory and contribute to the continued flourishing of craft-based industries.

The Geography of the Italian Creative Economy: The Special Role of the Design and Craft-based Industries

Bertacchini E. E. and Borrione P. The geography of the Italian creative economy: the special role of the design and craft-based industries, Regional Studies. Through employment and firms' data the evolving structure of the Italian cultural economy is analysed, and diverging spatial and organizational patterns of cultural production systems in urban and regional areas are highlighted. Whilst large metropolitan areas remain the most important loci of the creative economy, craft-based sectors and creative systems of design have a tendency to locate in small and non-metropolitan centres. Based on the historical formation of manufacturing districts and the growing role of cultural production and consumption systems in urban spaces, the Italian creative economy provides an interesting case study to analyse the geographical patterns of cultural and creative industries. The previous literature on the geography of the creative and cultural economy is extended by offering through the Italian case new insights about idiosyncratic conditions in which cities and regions emerge as leading centres of cultural production and creativity. Bertacchini E. E. and Borrione P. 意大利创意经济地理学：设计与工艺产业的特殊作用，区域研究。通过分析就业和企业数据，本文分析了意大利文化经济的结构演进，强调了城市及区域文化产业生产系统不同的空间与组织模式。大都市地区将持续保持其作为创意经济的核心地位，工艺生产部门和创意设计体系有向小型和非大都市中心区转移的趋势。鉴于其历史悠久的制造业区以及文化生产和消费系统对城市空间日益提升的作用，意大利创意经济为分析文化创意产业的地域模式提供了有益的案例。通过对意大利案例的分析，本文就孕育文化生产和创造力的主要中心城市与地区特质提供了新的见解，拓展了文化和创新经济地理学的相关研究。 意大利 文化经济学 文化以及创意产业 设计 标准行业分类（SIC）数据 Bertacchini E. E. et Borrione P. La géographie de l'économie créative en Italie: les rôles particuliers de l'industrie du design et de l'artisanat, Regional Studies. A partir des données sur l'emploi et les entreprises, on analyse le rôle de l'évolution de la structure de l'économie culturelle italienne et on souligne la distribution géographique et organisationnelle divergente des systèmes de production culturelle dans les zones urbaines et régionales. Tandis que les grandes aires métropolitaines restent les lieux privilégiés pour l'économie créative, l'artisanat et les systèmes de design créatifs ont tendance à s'implanter dans les petits centres non-métropolitains. A partir d'un historique des districts industriels et du rôle croissant de la production culturelle et des systèmes de consommation dans les espaces urbains, l'économie créative en Italie fournit une étude de cas pour analyser la distribution géographique des industries culturelles et créatives. La documentation antérieure sur la géographie de l'économie culturelle et créative s'élargit en offrant par le canal de l'étude de cas italienne de nouveaux aperçus sur les conditions particulières dans lesquelles les grandes villes et les régions ressortissent comme les centres les plus privilégiés de la production culturelle et créative. Italie Économie culturelle Industries culturelles et créatives Design Données Standard Industry Classification (SIC) Bertacchini E. E. und Borrione P. Die Geografie der italienischen Kreativwirtschaft: die Sonderrolle der Design- und Kunsthandwerksbranche, Regional Studies. Mit Hilfe von Beschäftigungs- und Firmendaten analysieren wir die sich weiterentwickelnde Struktur der italienischen Kulturwirtschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der divergierenden räumlichen und organisationellen Muster von kulturellen Produktionssystemen in städtischen und regionalen Gebieten. Die wichtigsten Orte der kreativen Wirtschaft sind weiterhin große Metropolitangebiete, doch Kunsthandwerkssektoren und kreative Designsysteme tendieren zu einer Ansiedlung in kleinen und nicht-metropolitanen Zentren. Ausgehend von der historischen Bildung von Industriebezirken und der wachsenden Rolle von Systemen für Kulturproduktion und -konsum in urbanen Räumen bietet die italienische Kreativwirtschaft eine interessante Fallstudie zur Analyse der geografischen Muster der Kultur- und Kreativbranche. Ergänzend zur bisherigen Literatur über die Geografie der Kreativ- und Kulturwirtschaft bietet das Fallbeispiel Italien neue Einblicke in die spezifischen Bedingungen, unter denen sich Städte und Regionen zu führenden Zentren der kulturellen Produktion und Kreativität entwickeln. Italien Kulturwirtschaft Kultur- und Kreativbranche Design Daten der Standard Industry Classification (SIC) Bertacchini E. E. y Borrione P. La geografía de la economía creativa italiana: el papel especial de las industrias artesanales y de diseño, Regional Studies. Con ayuda de datos de empleo y empresas, analizamos la estructura evolutiva de la economía cultural italiana destacando los modelos espaciales y organizativos divergentes de los sistemas de producción cultural en áreas urbanas y regionales. Si bien las grandes áreas metropolitanas siguen siendo el foco más importante de la economía creativa, los sectores artesanales y creativos de diseño tienden a ubicarse en centros pequeños y no metropolitanos. Basándonos en la formación histórica de los distritos de manufactura y el creciente papel de sistemas de producción y consumo cultural en espacios urbanos, la economía creativa italiana ofrece un estudio de caso interesante para analizar los modelos geográficos de las industrias culturales y creativas. Ampliamos la bibliografía previa sobre la geografía de la economía creativa y cultural aportando, a través del caso italiano, nuevas perspectivas sobre las condiciones idiosincrásicas en las que las ciudades y regiones emergen como centros líderes de la producción cultural y la creatividad. Italia Economía cultural Industrias culturales y creativas Diseño Datos de la Clasificación Estándar de la Industria

The modern era of orthotics

The past 40 years has seen the field of orthotics change from a craft-based industry into a modern clinical specialty. The author describes his personal view of some of the most important developments during this period in the areas of manufacturing and materials, patient/orthosis matching, biomechanics, joint design and standards. Some likely areas of future development are suggested.

Technological and Cultural Challenges in Local Innovation Support Activities—Emerging Knowledge Interactions in Charlotte's Motor Sport Cluster

ABSTRACT This paper examines the emergence of university–industry partnerships in the motor sports industry cluster located in the Charlotte region of North Carolina, USA. Despite little industry demand for the local engagement, the universities and community colleges started to approach the industry in the late 1990s and recently several new programmes of motor sports-related research and education have been initiated. During the past 3 years, the regional and state governments have also started to play a role in building up support for the motor sports industry. This process has largely been influenced by the ideas of knowledge economy and innovation as an interactive process, by the ideas of the wider social and economic role of universities, and by increase awareness of the relevance of the motor sports industry for the regional economy. Charlotte's motor sports industry is an interesting example of how a previously rather craft-based industry transforms into one in which technology, innovation and creativity play a key role in firm performance. However, the strategy for building up regional capabilities and relationships necessary to support the increased technological intensity of the industry has been slow to develop. This paper addresses the important question of how the universities together with other research and educational organizations can build collaboration with an industry that has traditionally prospered in the region without any links to them, but which in the face of technological challenges needs to reach out to access cutting-edge knowledge and highly qualified personnel.

Relationship Marketing

Agricultural markets are undergoing fundamental change, which is driven by changing consumer tastes, retail buyer behavior, and trade policy. The wine market provides just one example of such a market, with industry and policy changes causing the industry to shift from a product-oriented craft-based industry to a market-oriented globalized business. As a result of these changes, practitioners have been urged to pay greater heed to marketing, including the formation of market relationships. Policy makers at a government and industry level have also increased their calls for more relationship marketing activity, often raising compulsory levies to fund further research into this area. Yet considerable confusion as to marketing practice in the wine market remains, with some firms having strong brand awareness with little or no marketing, while others that adopt relationship and traditional marketing strategies see mixed success. Building on longitudinal qualitative case studies from the Australian and New Zealand wine industry, our research demonstrates that the adoption of relationship marketing strategies is context dependent. Implications for policy makers and practitioners are explored.

The Japanese Clothing Industry after World War Two and the Emergence of the Gifu Prefecture as a Main Production Centre

The Japanese clothing industry developed very quickly after the end of the Second World War. Before the war the industry was predominantly concentrated in the two main industrial cities of Tokyo and Osaka, and, while western-style clothing first became popular after the Russo-Japanese war of 19°4 -05, most clothing purchased in Japan before 1945 was in the traditional kimono style and often hand-made.2 The years immediately following the war saw quite dramatic changes in consumer tastes for clothing. Both Japanese men and women (who were enjoying a hitherto unknown degree of emancipation) began buying American-style garments. This facilitated the rapid development of a mechanised, ready-made clothing industry and a move away from the traditional methods of production. As rapid economic expansion followed, so rising Japanese wages fuelled a boom in domestic consumption of these new style garments.3 Ready-made clothing firms grew quickly in Tokyo and Osaka, tending to focus either on womenswear or menswear, and increasingly responsive to fashion-sensitive demand in these two great consumer centres. Nagoya, Japan's third industrial city and located in between Osaka and Tokyo, had before the war developed as one of the leading textiles producing centres. The long history of textiles production in the Nagoya region had prompted the development of ancillary and related industries, such as the textiles machinery industry (where Sakichi Toyota had managed the family spinning and weaving machinery business before diversifying into motor vehicles in 1936, beginning the Toyota Motor Corporation) and the clothing industry. Nagoya was the third centre of the pre-war clothing industry.4 In the industrial transformation of the 1950S and 1960s the coastal belt, with these three industrial regions of Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka, changed its appearance from an earlier mixture of heavy and light industries, including textiles and many craft-based industries, to a concentration of heavy industries: steel and shipbuilding in Osaka; chemicals and machinery in Tokyo; and, as the Toyota kingdom grew, transportation equipment in Nagoya.5 The older industries became less important and began to migrate into the agricultural hinterlands. The clothing industry also found that the increasing competition for labour from heavy industries prompted the migration of activity to the hinterlands, even though the value added from the apparel segment of the value chain of the entire fibre industry was relatively high. 6 Gifu, the capital city of Gifu Prefecture, was attracting increasing investments by fibre producers wanting to relocate away from nearby Nagoya already before the war; yet it was not until after the war that any clothing manufacturers were established in the city. Nonetheless, ready-made clothing has become the largest industry in Gifu, with the Gifu