CPW-fed Patch Antenna Research Articles

Investigation of substrate materials laminated CPW-Fed patchantennas: Opportunities and challenges

This article investigates the design of antennas fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) utilizing different substrate materials and techniques. The article illustrates the impact of several materials such as FR-4, Rogers, Arlon, etc on electrical properties such as impedance bandwidth (IBW), reflection coefficient (|S11|), and gain. The article also examines the effects of design approaches such as including stubs, slots, arrays, etc on antenna |S11| parameters. The resonance frequencies (fr) of the suggested antennas may be modified by manipulating the electrical dimension, the dielectric constant of the substrate materials, and their respective thicknesses. The structure of the Flame-Retardant fiberglass epoxy (FR-4) proposed antenna covers anoperating frequency range of 3.3 to 10.1 GHz. It can operate at six distinct frequency bands, making it appropriate for applications including C-band (4-8GHz), X-band (8-12GHz), 5G (3.5-6.0GHz), and 6G (7-20GHz). The antenna designed and simulated using computer simulation software (CST) electromagnetic simulator.

Asymmetric CPW-fed patch antenna with slits at terahertz applications for 6G wireless communications

Asymmetric CPW-fed patch antenna with slits at terahertz applications for 6G wireless communications

Design and simulation of a low return loss UWB CPW-fed patch antenna for mobile wireless communications

With the recent development of wireless communication systems and the 5G spectrum, mobile broadband technology (MBB) has been thriving. In this contribution, the design of an Ultra Wide Band T-slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented which is suitable for high data rate applications. The antenna is fed using a coplanar waveguide and is designed for two central operating frequencies, the lower resonant frequency at 3.6 GHz, an internationally recognized standard for 5G wireless mobile communications and a higher frequency at 6.8 GHz, which is part of the new wifi-6E standards. All data of the characteristic parameters have been obtained by using the Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio Student suite 2021 (CST MWS).

CPW-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Millimeter Wave Applications

The antenna elements have been consuming more power and inoperative area with high operational frequency. Therefore, an advanced antenna element design is necessary to cross over the above faults. In this research work, the CPW-Fed microstrip patch antenna is designed using EHF range for millimeter-wave applications. CPW-fed and combinations of DGS-CPW-fed microstrip patch antennas are novel methods, these designs are enhancing many characteristics of microwave circuits, such as narrow bandwidth, cross-polarization, low gain, etc. The researchers are facing many issues in this research area, therefore Fed-CPW design has been taken as a challenging issue. Investigators are working on wideband antennas, as well as patch antennas that can be used for both single- and dual-band applications. In addition to multiband applications, DGS, CPW-Fed Slot antennas are loaded with filters, these enhancements are providing waveguides and amplification tuning. The proposed research deals with a CPW-Fed Microstrip Patch satellite antenna, which is specially modeled to operate at various high-frequency values as well as Extremely High Frequency (EHF) range. A T-Shaped Microstrip patch antenna, which is dimensioned at 11.4x2.5x1.6 mm3 has been placed on Rogers R04003 substrate. The proposed antenna has CPW-Fed with ground dimensions which are considered as 5.9mm*8mm & feed dimensions as 3.8mm*9mm. Due to CPW-feed, the proposed antenna has achieved huge bandwidth i.e 13GHz. Hence the proposed antenna design is compact and suitable at higher frequencies. Simulation results approve that it is a good antenna model. The performance measures like return loss, gain, and VSWR has been improved compared to earlier models. Moreover, this CPW-fed microstrip patch antenna approach is most useful for 5G applications and simulation results are outperforms with designed frameworks. The proposed antenna resonates from 24GHz to 37.6GHz, with good impedance matching at |S11|<=-10dB. The obtained VSWR is in the range of 1 and 2. The gain at resonant frequencies is ranged from 4 to 6 dB. The proposed antenna is useful to deploy in 5G applications as it is resonating in millimeter-wave frequencies. The following model is very useful for 5G applications andprovides resonant frequencies 4 to 6 dB. The impedance matching is also improved by 15% compared to earlier models. The following experiment is designed on the HFSS software tool and CPW-Fed functionality is verified.

Designing and Analysis of CPW-Fed Multi-Layer Patch Antenna with Partial Defected Ground Plane for K/Ku-Band Satellite Applications

In this work a CPW-fed ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna is presented by using the concept of stacking of substrates of different dielectrics with partial defected ground. The proposed porotype having multilayer (three layers) configuration consists of two substrates (FR-4 epoxy with relative permittivity of 4.4 and air with relative permittivity of 1) as dielectric medium. The stacking and defected ground plane is used to boost the impedance bandwidth and gain. The Modeling demonstration and reproduction of the antenna has been carried out by 3-dimensional electromagnetic solver ansoft high frequency structure simulator HFSS-16. The operating frequency range of the presented model is 11.4 GHz to 18.0 GHz; thus, the antenna is applicable to Ku band applications. Antenna performance is discussed in terms of S11 (dB), gain and radiation efficiency.

A UHF CPW-fed patch antenna for nanosatellite store and forward mission

This paper reveals a new design of a meander line ultra-high frequency (UHF) nanosatellite antenna for nanosatellite communication, intended for potential applications in nanosatellite store and forward missions. The design utilizes a modified meander line as principal radiating element. Co planer waveguide feeding with LC impedance has been applied for impedance matching to result in a compact UHF antenna of 40 × 40 mm2 dimension. The prototype is fabricated using Rogers 5880 and measured. The antenna achieved resonance at 900 MHz. Response of the antenna have been investigated in free space and while mounted with a nanosatellite structure. The antenna achieved resonance at 900 MHz in free space and at 896 MHz with the nanosatellite structure. This phenomenon has been analyzed considering a typical 1U nanosatellite body with the antenna. The antenna achieved positive realized gain of 0.74 dB at the resonant frequency with approximately 67% of radiation efficiency.

In-Vitro Test of Miniaturized CPW-Fed Implantable Conformal Patch Antenna at ISM Band for Biomedical Applications

In this paper, the design and the analysis of miniaturized implantable conformal patch antennas are proposed for biomedical applications. A polyimide substrate material is considered to achieve conformability. The radiating element is a monopole rectangular patch antenna with three split ring resonators (SRR), and a rectangular slot with CPW (coplanar waveguide) feeding is presented. The proposed implantable conformal CPW-fed patch (ICCP) antenna resonates at free space at 2.41 GHz (2.01-2.82 GHz) frequency with an impedance bandwidth of 810 MHz and the gain of 2.62 dB are observed. The in vitro test is considered in muscle mimicking phantom gel with proposed ICCP antenna, and it resonates at 2.60 GHz (2.41-2.81 GHz) with an impedance bandwidth of 400 MHz and the gain of -19.6 dB are observed. The ICCP antenna is also considered in different layers of the human tissue simulation model, and the antenna works at ISM band. The specific absorption rate (SAR) is obtained for all proposed cases, and these are all within the limits of the federal communication commission (FCC). The ICCP antenna is manufactured and tested for free space and a muscle mimicking phantom gels. Good agreement results have observed between simulated and measured values.

Design and Analysis of CPW Fed Patch Antenna at 2.4GHz

Design and Analysis of CPW Fed Patch Antenna at 2.4GHz

A New CPW-fed Patch Antenna for UWB Applications

In this paper, the design and analysis of a compact size coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna for ultrawideband (UWB) applications is presented. The antenna has a compact size of 20×20×1.1 .5 .mm and provides a good impedance matching over the entire bandwidth of 3.2–14.3 GHz. The characteristics parameters, i.e. return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern, are analyzed using HFSS 11.0 software.

Curve Fitting Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization of CPW Fed Patch Antenna With Defected Ground Structure.

Curve Fitting Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization of CPW Fed Patch Antenna With Defected Ground Structure.

Effects of Modified Ground Structure on a CPW-fed Patch Antenna

Effects of Modified Ground Structure on a CPW-fed Patch Antenna

A CPW-fed reconfigurable patch antenna with circular polarization diversity

This paper presents a simple and compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed circular-shaped reconfigurable patch antenna with a switchable circular polarization (CP) sense. The circular patch is cut at the ends vertically and switches are introduced to connect the patch ends. By controlling the ON/OFF status of the two switches, the polarization of the antenna can be switched between two states: left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. The patch is designed on a very thin RT Duroid substrate of dielectric constant (εr) of 2.2 and thickness of 0.254 mm. The overall antenna dimensions are 35 × 30 mm. The antenna is designed and simulated using finite-element method -based EM simulator, HFSS. For each switching condition the return loss curve, radiation pattern are obtained. Axial ratio curves for polarization diversity cases are also plotted. Parametric studies have been made in order to get optimized values for certain antenna dimensions such as thickness, CPW ground to feed gap, etc.

Design of CPW-Fed Strips Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

This paper presents a microstrip antenna using Coplanar Waveguide Feed (CPW) for WLAN/WIMAX applications. The proposed antenna consists of strips shaped patch and occupies a total area of 20.825× 27 mm. The parametric study is performed to understand the characteristics of the proposed antenna. The antenna exhibits two frequency bands and impedance bandwidth of lower frequency band is 0.29 GHz from 3.42 GHz to 3.71 GHz and of higher frequency band is 1.81 GHz from 4.89 GHz to 6.70 GHz covering wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) bands. The various antenna parameters like S-parameters, current distribution and radiation pattern are studied.

Artificial Neural Network based Bandwidth Estimation of a CPW-Fed Patch Antenna

study, coplanar wave (CPW) feed microstrip antennas are designed to form dual frequency by inserting single stub. Bandwidths of the microstrip printed antennas for both upper and lower frequencies are represented in this study by considering the simulated and experimental results. For each size of T-matching network and each permittivity values are varied and effects of these variations are analyzed. The presented printed antennas in literature which have the same shape and the same feeding types are compared and results are presented. Besides presenting those, in a different way from the literature, this method is proposed to estimate the bandwidths of those antennas. The results of this study will guide researchers who want to predict the resonance frequencies and bandwidth of mentioned antennas before producing the antenna so that they will handle the problem by saving the time and estimating the bandwidth before production.

UWB CPW-Fed Fractal Patch Antenna With Band-Notched Function Employing Folded T-Shaped Element

A compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) monopole antenna is presented, comprising a fractal radiating patch in which a folded T-shaped element (FTSE) is embedded. The impedance match of the antenna is determined by the number of fractal unit cells, and the FTSE provides the necessary band-notch functionality. The filtering property can be tuned finely by controlling of length of FTSE. Inclusion of a pair of rectangular notches in the ground plane is shown to extend the antenna's impedance bandwidth for ultrawideband (UWB) performance. The antenna's parameters were investigated to fully understand their affect on the antenna. Salient parameters obtained from this analysis enabled the optimization of the antenna's overall characteristics. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the antenna exhibits the desired VSWR level and radiation patterns across the entire UWB frequency range. The measured results showed the antenna operates over a frequency band between 2.94–11.17 GHz with fractional bandwidth of 117% for <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm VSWR} \leq 2$</tex></formula> , except at the notch band between 3.3–4.2 GHz. The antenna has dimensions of 14 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex> </formula> 18 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times \,$</tex> </formula> 1 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex> </formula> .

BROADBAND CPW-FED ANTENNA WITH BAND-REJECTED CHARACTERISTIC FOR WLAN/ WIMAX OPERATION

A novel single-layer broadband coplanar waveguide- fed antenna with band-rejected characteristic is proposed for WLAN/WiMAX operation. First, the broadband characteristic (2.43{ 5.97GHz) is achieved by a CPW-fed patch antenna with a dual-Y slot. Then, a single slit is inserted on the radiating patch or ground plane to introduce a notched band. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 40 £ 25mm 2 . The broadband characteristic and band-rejected functions of the proposed antennas are implemented and measured. Two types of antennas were studied. Measured notched- band impedance bandwidths (return loss < 10dB) are 370MHz and 1050MHz, respectively, which satisfles the requirements for WLAN and WiMAX applications. Detailed design steps and experimental results for the designs are studied and investigated in this paper.

CPW-fed crescent patch antenna for UWB applications

A novel printed antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented. The antenna consists of an open annulus strip as a ground plane and an open crescent patch in the inner space of the annulus as a radiating element. The antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide with a central strip connected to the crescent patch. The antenna has a compact structure, and the total size is 33×30×1.57 mm. A relative impedance bandwidth of 129% is achieved, which covers 3–14 GHz.