Cow's Milk Research Articles

Healthy Effects of Milk and Dairy Product Consumption in the Mediterranean Area and Japan.

Milk is a food enriched in essential components for human health. Especially, in the Mediterranean area, besides cow's milk, milk from goats, sheep, and donkeys, is largely used. The consumption of animal milk is an important component of the Mediterranean (MED) diet, even if in moderate amounts. Milk is a complete food since it contains proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, as well as micronutrients (minerals and vitamins). Milk-fermented products are largely consumed in the MED diet, such as cheese and yogurt, which are rich in essential metabolites, bioactive compounds, vitamins, minerals, and exopolysaccharides. A large body of evidence suggests that consumption of milk and dairy products does not increase the risk of all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, even if some earlier studies have reported harmful effects associated with their higher consumption. Also, in Japan, despite the lower consumption of milk than in Western countries, intake of bovine milk is associated with healthy effects. The present review describes the effects of the various constituents of animal milk on human health, with special reference to the Mediterranean area and Japan. Experimental data and clinical trials support the ability of milk and dairy products to lower the risk of chronic diseases.

Ethylendiaminetetrakis(1,10-phenanthroline)dicopper(II) chlorided: Synthesis and application for voltammetric determination of doxycycline in real samples

The study describes on the preparation of a new homobinuclear mixed ligand complex µ-ethylendiaminetetrakis(1,10-phenanthroline)dicopper(II) chloridedihydrate (EP4Cu2CH2) from a previously reported complex chlorobis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) chloridemonohydrate (CP2CuCH). The synthesis was checked by spectroscopy (UV–Vis, FT IR), CHN elemental analysis, Cu determination using ICP-OES, electrolytic conductivity, qualitative and quantitative chloride estimation, and melting point measurements. The new complex was applied for the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (poly(EP4Cu2CH2)/GCE) for determination of doxycycline (Doxy), (which belongs to a tetracycline antibiotic, mainly used for the treatment of a wide bacterial infections) by selective, accurate, and precise differential pulse voltammetric method. Electrode characterization revealed modification of the electrode surface by a conductive, and electroactive polymer film (poly(EP4Cu2CH2)/GCE) leading to improved effective electrode surface area. In contrast to the bare electrode, the appearance of two well-resolved irreversible oxidative peaks at much reduced potential with sevenfold current enhancement at poly(EP4Cu2CH2)/GCE showed the catalytic effect of the modifier towards Doxy. Differential pulse voltammetric current response of poly(EP4Cu2CH2)/GCE showed a linear dependence on the concentration of Doxy in the range 5 × 10−8 – 3.5 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 3.5 × 10−9. The Doxy levels in four tablet brands were in the range 96.00–101.30 % of their labeled values. Spike recovery results in tablet, cow milk, and human urine samples were 98.90–100.73 %, 98.30–100.00 %, and 98.50–100.54 %, respectively. Based on the innovative mixed ligand poly(EP4Cu2CH2)/GCE, the interference recovery results about 4.79 % error, lesser LoD, and a broader concentrationrange than most previously published methods validated the present method’s potential applicability with excellent accuracy and sensitivity for Doxy determination in various real samples with complex matrix.

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV by hydrolysates of beta-lactoglobulin isolated from Gir cow milk

The current study attempts to assess the dipeptidyl peptidase – IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory potential of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) isolated from milk of Gir cow. Whey was separated from skim milk by precipitation of casein followed by ultrafiltration (UF) to remove lactose and salts as permeate. β-Lg was separated from the UF retentate using salting out technique. Its purity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Hydrolysates of β-Lg were prepared using three different enzymes viz., pepsin, trypsin and Flavourzyme at different enzyme to substrate (E:S) ratios (1:25, 1:50, 1:100) and treated for 2-12 h durations. Pepsin-treated hydrolysate showed maximum DPP-IV inhibition of 77.62 ± 0.98 % (IC50 =3.78 mg/mL). Hydrolysate was passed serially through UF filters of 10 and 3 kDa. The permeate of 3 kDa, which exhibited 52.10 ± 0.72 % DPP-IV inhibition was fractionated through RP-HPLC and time based fractions were collected. All 41 fractions were again analysed for DPP-IV inhibition activity and 3 fractions which showed maximum DPP-IV inhibition activity were chosen for LC-MS/MS analysis. One novel peptide was identified through LC-MS/MS, which showed adequate DPP-IV inhibition (IC50 = 6.64 mmolL-1).

Changing the Oral Tribology of Emulsions Through Crystallization of the Dispersed Triglyceride Phase.

Suspoemulsions are used for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, including food such as dairy products and non-dairy alternatives. Product properties, such as flow behavior or sensory perception of non-dairy products differ from those of dairy products and are therefore perceived by consumers as products of inferior quality. One reason for this may be the crystallization behavior of the added triglycerides leading to differences in solid fat content in comparison to cow milk. This is discussed with the solidity of the dispersed phase as a parameter of suspoemulsions. The solidity was varied by using low and high melting triglycerides and measuring at different temperatures. The dispersed phase fraction is φ = 30%. The droplet size distribution showed a x50,3 of 1.2 and 3.66 μm, mimicking the droplet sizes of milk and dairy cream. Rheological frequency sweeps were carried out within a temperature range from 5°C to 50°C. The differences in solidity of the dispersed phase caused no changes in viscosity at each temperature. In contrast, oral tribology distinguished different solidities of the dispersed phase with changes in the friction coefficient. The friction coefficient was determined for increasing rotational speeds (0.01-100 mm/s), to compare the so called Stribeck curves with each other. In general, with increasing solidity of the dispersed phase, the friction coefficient increases. Comparing the Stribeck curves of pure butter fat suspoemulsion with those of plant-based fat suspoemulsions, different plant-based fats can be mixed, to mimic the friction profile of milk products in plant-based alternatives.

Prevalence, virulence potential, antibiotic resistance profile, heavy metal resistance genes of Listeria innocua: A first study in consumed foods for assessment of human health risk in Northern Turkey.

Listeria (L.) innocua is typically considered a non-pathogenic bacterium that can sometimes act as an opportunistic pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients. However, it plays an important role in food safety because it acts as an indicator organism for potential contamination and the effectiveness of sanitation methods. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance profiles, heavy metal and disinfectant resistance genes of L. innocua isolates from animal-derived foods. In this study, we isolated and characterized 39 L. innocua strains recovered from commonly 400 consumed beef meat, fresh fish meat, raw cow milk, and traditional cheese samples collected in Giresun, Turkey. The occurrence of virulence-associated genes was detected, such as plcA (97.4%), iap (35.8%), and hlyA (15.3%). A high incidence of resistance was recorded for fusidic acid (100%), followed by oxacillin (97.4%), clindamycin (82%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (69.2%), benzylpenicillin (41%), nitrofurantoin (35.8%), and fosfomycin (35.8%). Overall, 100% (39/39) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 92.3% (36/39) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. Among the L. innocua isolates (n = 39), 51.2%, 38.4%, 20.5%, 7.6%, 5.1%, 2.5%, and 2.5% were positive for qacH, cadA1, qacE, qacEΔ1-sul, qacJ, qacF, and qacG heavy metal and disinfectant resistance genes, respectively. The results highlight the need for more comprehensive studies to understand the monitoring and surveillance of L. innocua and their potential hazards to both humans and animals.

Discrepancy between Mexican paediatricians and ESPGHAN experts regarding cow's milk allergy

Discrepancy between Mexican paediatricians and ESPGHAN experts regarding cow's milk allergy

Clinical and Treatment Evaluation of Anaphylaxis in Children Aged 0-2 Years: Multicenter Study.

Diagnosing anaphylaxis in children within the first 2 years of life can be difficult due to the often confusing and nonspecific signs and symptoms. This study focuses on the phenotype of anaphylaxis in children within the first 2 years of life and aims to increase awareness of anaphylaxis in this age group. The study included children between 0 and 2 years who were diagnosed as having anaphylaxis by pediatric allergists in 11 tertiary hospitals. A total of 402 anaphylaxis episodes experienced by 360 patients (68.7% males) were included in the study. Food was the most common causative agent (n = 374, 93%), with the most common foods being cow's milk (n = 179, 44.6%). Drugs were the second most common trigger (n = 15, 3.7%). The most common clinical findings were cutaneous (95%) and respiratory (72%); nonspecific symptoms such as weakness (n = 63, 15.6%) and hoarseness (n = 14, 3.4%) were also reported. There was a biphasic course in 3 infants (0.8%). Only 3 of the 41 parents who had an adrenaline autoinjector used it during anaphylaxis. Infants experience anaphylaxis most often when they are at home with their mothers, and the most common triggers are foods, particularly cow's milk and egg. Greater awareness of anaphylaxis symptoms and autoinjector use among mothers can facilitate management. Infant anaphylaxis cases may present with different symptoms compared to classic presentations, potentially leading to diagnostic oversight. The study elucidates the clinical course of anaphylaxis in children under 2 years of age. It details the treatment strategies employed in managing these cases. Anaphylaxis triggers were identified over several years. Cases from 11 regions of Turkey were included, representing a population reflective of national data. The study highlights the distinctiveness of anaphylaxis cases in children within the first 2 years of life.

Processing and Evaluation of Paneer from Coconut Milk and Cow Milk Blends

Paneer is an Indian traditional milk product which occupies an important place as a base product for the production of various culinary preparations. Paneer is a nutritious and wholesome food. It provides one of the methods of conserving, preserving and prolonging shelf life of milk solids in a highly concentrated form.For coagulation of milk 1% of lime juice, which contains citric acid. The shelf life of the developed product during room temperature (3 days) and refrigerated condition. The present study was under taken with different levels (90:10, 80:20, 70:30) of cow milk and coconut milk. Chemical quality (moisture, fat, protein, and yield) and microbial quality (TPC, yeast and mould, coliform) were also analyzed. The coconut paneer with 90:10 ratio of cow milk and coconut milk was found to be best among others. Thus as far as product acceptability judged by organoleptic evaluation the treatment can be rated as P0 > P1> P2> P3. The fresh cow milk paneer (P0) chemical constituents were 50.78 g of moisture, 0.22% of acidity, 5.3 of pH, 20.39 g of protein, 22.8 g of fat, 0 g of fibre, 198 mg /100 g of calcium, 2.2 mg /100 g of iron respectively. The coconut paneer prepared by 10% coconut milk blending with 90% cow milk, the P1 sample chemical constituents were 52.05 g of moisture, 0.20% of acidity, 5.6 of pH, 20.55 g of protein, 23.75 g of fat, 0 g of fibre, 192mg /100 g of calcium, 3.12 mg of iron respectively. The overall acceptability score was observed as highly acceptable with score point of 8.4±0.70in P1 when compared to control P0 was 8.1±0.73. The unit cost production of 100 g of the functional coconut paneer was Rs.25/100gwhereas control was Rs.22/100 g of packets respectively.

Pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: a Belgian single-center retrospective analysis reveals real-life difficulties in diagnosis and treatment

IntroductionEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa.MethodsThis study aimed to provide insights into the clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, treatment modalities, and outcomes of EoE in a pediatric population through a retrospective analysis of 79 patients followed in a single tertiary referral center between 2014 and 2020.ResultsAs expected, a higher male prevalence was observed. Median age at diagnosis was 8.9 years, aligning with the typical presentation in childhood, emphasizing the need for early recognition. Clinical presentation varied, with vomiting, dysphagia, and abdominal pain being the most frequently reported symptoms. IgE-sensitization, food allergy and atopy were highly prevalent, with cow's milk, wheat, egg, soy, and peanuts being the most common allergens. Endoscopy results mostly revealed macroscopic abnormalities with linear furrows and microabscesses/white plaques being the most common features although a significant proportion of initial endoscopies (14/79) showed no macroscopic abnormalities, highlighting the importance of esophageal biopsies. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were commonly used as a first-line treatment, with most patients receiving PPI therapy. Other treatment modalities, such as oral budesonide and exclusion diets either single or in combination, were also used. Remission was achieved in 69/79 or 87% patients, with different treatment regimens contributing to successful outcomes but subject to relapse upon time.DiscussionThis study provides valuable insights into the clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, treatment modalities, and outcomes of EoE in the pediatric population. It underscores the importance of early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and regular follow-up to effectively manage this chronic immune-mediated disorder but also demonstrates its complexity in real-life clinical setting.

Investigation of the effect of addition of capia pepper spice on the ripening of Turkish white cheese curd produced using cow and sheep milk

Investigation of the effect of addition of capia pepper spice on the ripening of Turkish white cheese curd produced using cow and sheep milk

Changes in Protease Activity of Ginger Rhizome during Postharvest Storage

It has been reported that ripe ginger rhizomes contain proteolytic enzymes. In this study, we investigated the fluctuations in protease activity from ginger rhizomes stored after harvest for the utilization of proteases. The juice from ginger rhizomes that had been stored for 4 months after harvest exhibited the highest specific protease activity. Additionally, juices with high specific protease activity could form soymilk and cow milk gels. Electrophoresis experiments revealed that the protein bands in ginger rhizome juice were degraded by the proteases contained in the juice. This degradation was prevented by adding the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64.

Co-Occurrence of Mycotoxins in the Diet and in the Milk of Dairy Cows from the Southeast Region of Brazil

Mycotoxins are toxic fungi secondary metabolites that develop on feedstuffs and can be transferred into milk, thus representing a public health risk. The objective of this study was to assess the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in the diet and in the milk of dairy cows from the southeast region of Brazil. Samples of total mixed ration (TMR, n = 70) and milk (n = 70) were collected in dairy farms and subjected to multi-mycotoxin analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), and T-2 and HT-2 toxins were not detected in TMR samples. In contrast, fumonisins (FBs), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) were detected in 100, 93, and 24% of TMR samples at mean levels of 336.7 ± 36.98, 80.32 ± 16.06 µg/kg and 292.1 ± 85.68 µg/kg, respectively. Ninety-two percent of TMR samples exhibited co-occurring mycotoxins. In milk, 54% of samples (n = 38) had detectable levels of mycotoxin, while 43% (n = 30) contained two or more types of mycotoxins. DON, FB, and ZEN metabolites (α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol) were the most frequent mycotoxins detected in the milk samples analyzed, at mean concentrations of 0.562 ± 0.112, 2.135 ± 0.296 µg/kg, 2.472 ± 0.436 µg/kg, and 0.343 ± 0.062 µg/kg, respectively. However, none of the analyzed milk samples had levels higher than the maximum permitted limit for AFM1 in Brazil (0.5 µg/L). The results of this trial highlight the concern about the co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in TMR and in milk, due to the possible additive or synergistic effects of these compounds. The presence of co-occurring mycotoxins in milk underscores the need for stringent preventive practices to avoid mycotoxin contamination in the diet of dairy cows in Brazil.

Genomic characterisation of an extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate assigned to a novel sequence type (6914).

Cow milk, which is sometimes consumed raw, hosts a plethora of microorganisms, some of which are beneficial, while others raise food safety concerns. In this study, the draft genome of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strain Cow102, isolated from raw cow milk used to produce traditional foods in Nigeria, is reported. The genome has a total length of 5,359,907bp, with 70 contigs and a GC content of 57.35%. A total of 5,244 protein coding sequences were detected with 31% mapped to a subsystem, and genes coding for amino acids and derivatives being the most prevalent. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that the strain had new allelic profile assigned to the novel 6914 sequence type possessing capsular and lipopolysaccharide antigen K locus 122 with an unknown K type (KL122) and O locus O1/O2v2 with type O2afg, respectively. A total of 28 resistance-related genes, 98 virulence-related genes, two plasmids and five phages were identified in the genome. The resistance genes oqxA, oqxB and an IS3 belonging to cluster 204 were traced to bacteriophage Escher 500,465. Comparative analysis predicted one strain specific orthologous group comprising three genes. This report of a novel sequence type (ST6914) in K. pneumoniae presents a new allelic profile, indicating ongoing evolution and diversification within the species. Its uniqueness suggests it may represent a locally evolved lineage, although further sampling would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. The strain's multidrug resistance, virulence gene repertoire, and isolation from animal milk render it a potentially significant public health concern, underscoring the importance of genomic surveillance in non-clinical settings to detect emerging strains. Further research is required to fully characterise the capsular K type of ST6914.

Spore-Forming Clostridia in Raw Cow Milk from Northern Italy: A Trend Analysis over the Past 20 Years

Clostridium species are known for their impact on animal and human health, but also for the spoilage of foodstuffs. Their spores contaminate milk and result in germination and gas production, the latter being particularly evident in the cheeses that suffer severe depreciation. To address this issue, the Primary Production Department of the IZSLER institute in Brescia, Italy conducts the Most Probable Number (MPN) method on bovine milk samples collected from Northern Italian dairies between 2004 and 2023. This approach leverages two semi-quantitative protocols, S2 and S3, to detect Clostridium species spore forms upon customer request. Here, we would like to present an a-posteriori analysis on the results of the S2 and S3 protocols. The goal of this study is to highlight the differences between these two methods and provide evidence of the actual decrease in Clostridium species in raw cow milk over a 20-year period. Our analysis shows that client demand for S2 has progressively decreased, while S3’s has remained constant, and both protocols reveal a significant reduction in positives; furthermore, S3’s greater sensitivity made it more responsive to environmental changes. This highlights the necessity of choosing the appropriate testing protocol that accounts for both regulatory standards and environmental factors. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring to manage Clostridium species contamination and ensure milk quality.

Safety of Oral Food Challenges for Individuals with Low Levels of Cow's Milk-Specific Immunoglobulin E Antibodies.

Cow's milk (CM) is one of the most common food allergens in Japan. The oral food challenge (OFC) of CM is important for the definite diagnosis of children with CM allergy and it is recommended to be actively and safely performed in individuals with low CM-sIgE levels. This study aimed to investigate the safety of low-dose CM-OFC in individuals with low CM-sIgE levels and discuss the prognostic factors and appropriate approaches for assessing the starting doses of CM-OFC in these individuals. We retrospectively analyzed 6,929 OFC tests conducted between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021; of which, 1,390 were CM-OFC tests. The characteristics, OFC-positive rates, CM loading, and related factors were analyzed in 138 cases involving low CM-sIgE levels. Stepwise OFC tests were conducted according to the FA guidelines in Japan using an open and unblinded method. Among 138 individuals with low CM-sIgE levels, 110 (79.7%) passed the OFC test without any symptoms. Among the cases with OFC-positive status, 50.0% (14/28) cases showed symptoms with low-dose OFC (30-105 mg CM protein). Moreover, complete CM elimination was associated with a significantly high OFC-positive rate, and 60.0% (12/20) of the cases involving complete CM elimination showed symptoms with low-dose OFC. Eighty percent of the patients with low CM-sIgE levels safely completed the OFC test. Nevertheless, careful observation is essential during low-dose OFC test in cases with low CM-sIgE levels, especially in the cases with complete elimination. The starting dose of the OFC test should be re-evaluated and modified using baked milk or a lower dose of CM to ensure safety and early outgrowth of CM allergy.

Impact of tiger nut milk as a substitute for cow milk on the rheological, physiochemical, and organoleptic properties of functional ice cream

AbstractTiger nuts are an excellent food choice due to their rich mineral, fiber, and antioxidant content. Tiger nut milk was replaced by 25, 50, 75, and 100% of cow’s milk in the ice cream mixture. The impact of substituting cow milk with tiger nut milk on the physicochemical, rheological, and organoleptic properties of ice cream was examined. Adding tiger nut milk in a combination resulted ice cream mixes with more fiber and antioxidants and a lower protein and ash levels compared to the control (100% cow milk). Ice cream with tiger nut milk was higher in Fe and Zn than that of control. Dynamic viscosity values of ice cream mixes with tiger nut milk were decreased with increasing values of the applied shear rate compared to the control. All functional ice cream formulations with tiger nut milk showed higher specific gravity and melting rate with lower overrun percentages than the control. Regarding taste and flavor, structure, texture, and melting in the mouth, there is no appreciable difference between the T25, T50, and control treatments. Therefore, cow’s milk can be replaced with tiger nut milk up to 50% in the ice cream industry to raise the nutritional value and functional properties.

Cow's milk protein allergy in infants and children.

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an immune-mediated reaction to cow's milk proteins, which can involve multiple organ systems including the gastrointestinal tract. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response results in rapid onset of allergic symptoms that are easily recognizable. However, delayed (i.e., non-IgE/cell-mediated) or mixed (IgE- and cell-mediated) reactions produce a host of symptoms that overlap with other conditions and vary widely in onset and severity. Determining whether symptoms represent immune-mediated CMPA, non-immunologic reaction to cow's milk, or are unrelated to cow's milk exposure is challenging yet essential for effective management. While the clinical presentation of non-IgE-mediated CMPA can vary, this condition is usually self-limited and resolves by 1 to 6 years of age. Food antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) panels that are not evidence-based should be avoided because they can lead to overdiagnosis of presumed food intolerances. Overdiagnosis of CMPA can result in overuse of extensively hydrolyzed formulas and have significant cost implications for families. This statement focuses on delayed non-IgE/cell-mediated CMPA and assists health care providers to distinguish between and identify varied reactions to cow's milk, discusses the role of diagnostic testing, and provides management recommendations based on best evidence.

Safety, Tolerability, and Feasibility of the Milk Ladder for Reintroduction of Cow's Milk in Infants With IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy.

Safety, Tolerability, and Feasibility of the Milk Ladder for Reintroduction of Cow's Milk in Infants With IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y44 Complex Fermented Milk Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet by Modulating Gut Microbiota.

The benefits of fermented milk containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) Y44, known for its weight loss properties, remain unclear. For this, we evaluated the effects of the complex fermented milk (Y44-CFM), obtained through the cofermentation of cow's milk and soybean milk with L. plantarum Y44 and traditional starters, on high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. Our study found that the oral administration of Y44-CFM significantly reduced body weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice while also mitigating liver injury. Additionally, Y44-CFM regulated the expression of enzymes associated with lipid metabolism in the serum, as well as the corresponding or related genes in the liver, such as fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, HFD-induced systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier dysfunction were improved. The primary alterations in hepatic metabolism involved glycerophospholipids and amino acids, including the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. The diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota were also regulated, resulting in a significant decrease in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, along with a notable increase in Oscillospiraceae. The correlation analysis indicated that Y44-CFM influenced hepatic lipid metabolism by mediating intestinal flora and its production of short-chain fatty acids, ultimately leading to weight reduction.

Sipping Sustainability: Exploring the Green Marketing Mix Driving the Purchase of Oat M*lk Oatside

The issue of climate change due to global warming has occurred partly due to the significant increase in carbon emissions over the last few decades. This has created a market demand for products that have minimal adverse effects on the environment, also known as eco-friendly products. One of the popular eco-friendly products is oat milk. Despite the environmental issues highlighted and the product quality offered, the popularity of Oat M*lk Oatside remains low, and its higher price compared to cow's milk may influence purchasing decisions. This study aims to determine whether green product, green price, green place, and green promotion have an impact on the purchasing decisions of Oat M*lk Oatside. This study uses a quantitative approach, targeting the Instagram followers of @oatside, totaling 52,807, and a sample size of 100 people was obtained using purposive sampling, with criteria being Oat M*lk Oatside consumers residing in Jakarta. Data processing results show that Green Product and Green Promotion do not influence Purchasing Decisions, whereas Green Price and Green Place positively influence Purchasing Decisions. Green Price has a weak influence of 34.4%, and Green Place has a weak influence of 21.6% on Oat M*lk Oatside purchasing decisions.