Cow Leather Research Articles

Cyt b gene as a valid molecular authentication marker of cow leathers

Authentication of true (genuine) cow leathers is in high demand to promote merchandise and economic growth. The present study employs RT-PCR-based TaqMan assay to facilitate the identification. Species-specific primers and probes were designed utilizing the existing NCBI data on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, particularly the cytochrome b region (Cyt b). Mitochondrial DNA extracted from leather samples of both Bos taurus and Bos indicus and analyzed following the appropriate procedures. The RT-PCR results showed the designed primers and probes are exceptionally precise for cow leather samples. The established detection limit for the assay is estimated as 0.1 ng of DNA. In summary, the amplifiable mtDNA extracted from finished leather enables the identification of authentic cow leathers using the RT-PCR TaqMan assay, representing a pioneering report in this field.

Cow leather-derived N/O codoped hard carbon as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained increasing attention owing to the abundant and cost-effective availability of sodium precursors. However, the quest for cost-effective and high-performing anode materials for SIBs remains a challenging task. In this study, we employed a straightforward pyrolysis method to fabricate nitrogen (N)- and oxygen (O)-doped hard carbon (HC) using waste cow leather, a low-cost biomass with high yield, as a carbon source. Our findings reveal that the pyrolysis temperature significantly influences the sodium storage performance of cow leather-derived HCs by modulating their microstructures and compositions. Specifically, the cow leather-derived HC pyrolyzed at 1100 °C exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 207.9 mAh g−1 after 100 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 0.1 C. Additionally, a reversible capacity of 142 mAh g−1 is maintained after 200 cycles at 1 C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations validate that N/O codoping in HCs enhances the presence of defects and active sites and facilitates electron transfer, thereby improving sodium storage performance. This work provides insights into the sodium storage behavior of cow leather-derived HCs carbonized at different temperatures and presents a promising avenue for converting solid waste into high-performance anode materials for SIBs.

A lithiophilic MnO@biomass-derived carbon nanofiber host for stable lithium-metal batteries

High-energy-density lithium (Li) metal batteries are a promising next-generation energy storage system but suffer from uneven Li deposition, anode material volumetric expansion, and the formation of “dead lithium”. To address these challenges, a three-dimensional (3D) lithiophilic manganese oxide@biomass-derived carbon nanofiber (MnO@BDCNF) host was prepared using waste cow leather as the precursor. The 3D lithiophilic MnO@BDCNF is capable of reducing local current density and suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. As a consequence, the MnO@BDCNF host displays small overpotentials, stable polarization profiles, and high Coulombic efficiencies under various current densities and deposition capacities. When lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is used as the cathode, the assembled Li/MnO@BDCNF||LiFePO4 full cells deliver remarkable cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 99.5% for 120 cycles. This work provides a viable approach for converting solid waste into a high-value-added host for lithium metal anodes.

Performance Evaluation of Input Power of Diode Laser on Machined Leather Specimen in Laser Beam Cutting Process

Numerous industries, including footwear, handicrafts, and the automobile industry, utilize leather materials. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of input power of the diode laser in laser cutting on vegetable chrome tanned buffalo leather to enhance the cutting process. In the present investigation, carbonization, kerf width, and material removal rate (MRR) were taken as performance measures. The diode-based laser beam machining was designed and fabricated with 2.5 W, 5.5 W, and 20 W diode laser to cut vegetable chrome tanned leather. The high-intensity 20 W diode laser produced lower carbonization, lower kerf width, and higher material removal rate compared with the 2.5 W and 5.5 W diodes. This improved performance was due to the adjustable features associated with this diode laser actuation in the form of circular shape with adjustable diameter. A high power with a lower spot size under pulsed mode can produce higher power density. Since a higher power density can establish less interaction time, it produces lower carbonization. Due to the ability of the 20 W diode laser driver to control the beam shape and size, it could produce a lower kerf width and higher MRR. The optimal parameters for cutting chrome vegetable tanned cow leather were a standoff distance of 18 mm, feed rate of 200 mm/min, and duty cycle of 70%.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Rekomendasi Supplier Bahan Baku Kerupuk Rambak Tapioka Terbaik Menggunakan Metode Evaluation Based On Distance From Average Solution (EDAS)

Kerupuk (Crackers ) are one of the specialties of the Indonesian people and are well-known by all social classes, from the lower to the upper middle classes. Most Indonesians consume crackers because they are delicious and can be consumed with any meal. This resulted in the proliferation of cracker manufacturers in Indonesia, not only producing a single type of cracker but also a variety of crackers whose flavor and ingredients were adapted to the palate of the Indonesian people. Crackers made from leather or Rambak crackers are well-known among the general population. Rambak crackers are not significantly distinct from other types of crackers. The difference is in the ingredients. Rambak crackers are made from various ingredients, including cow, buffalo, rabbit, chicken, fish, tapioca flour, and flour. In making these Rambak crackers, however, cowhide is typically employed. Cow leather is one of the products of the livestock sector, which, according to the Central Statistics Agency of Jember Regency, produced 11,287 pieces of leather in 2019. This demonstrates that Rambak tapioca cracker ingredients are not readily available on the market. Consequently, a Decision Support System (DSS) is a system that can provide problem-solving and communication capabilities in semi-structured and unstructured environments. Positive Distance from Average (PDA) and Negative Distance from Average (NDA) are the two distance measures used in the Evaluation Based on the Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method. The best alternative will be the one with the highest PDA value and the lowest NDA. Based on the User Acceptance Test (UAT) results of the system, which the Wanteyan Home Industry well received, this decision support system yields 5%.

A simplified sample preparation for hair and skin proteins towards the application of archaeological fur and leather

Conventional protocols for proteomics analysis usually start by extracting or solubilizing the proteins from their substrates. This step can be challenging for archaeological proteins, when they are heavily contaminated or decayed. The remains of animal fur/leather objects from an early medieval burial in Trossingen (580 CE) from Southwest Germany were submitted to proteomics analysis for species identification. One leather sample (TS3) yielded enough proteins to be identified as cow using a urea-based extraction (method “U”), confirming the microscopic identification. But two other samples (TS1 and TS2), compacted in a greyish brittle matrix with embedded hair visible only under microscope, could not be characterized with that method. A series of tests was performed using reduction/alkylation with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine/chloroacetamide at 95 °C directly on the matrix (method “95C”), with or without the use of paramagnetic beads as cleaning procedure (from the single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation or SP3). Hair keratins were best recovered in the fur samples when digestion was performed directly on the insoluble fraction after reduction/alkylation. For both samples TS1 and TS2, an ovicaprine species was identified, with TS1 firmly identified as sheep due to the exceptional preservation of keratins and keratin-associated proteins. The simplified protocol also showed improvements on the identification of collagen in the leather sample TS3. SignificanceNorth European burials had a strong tradition of bodies wrapped or covered in animal skins; textiles, furs, items of leather and other organic materials were essential parts of grave furnishings (as part of the deceased's clothing as well as grave goods) but are mostly only preserved as residues, uncharacterized layers or stains. Even well preserved finds like the waterlogged organic remains from Trossingen show strong limitations for visual identification. Because the traditional protocol was unable to extract proteins efficiently from the soil matrix in which the samples were embedded, a new method was devised that enabled the determination of the sampled fur remains as sheep and the leather fragments as cow leather. Analyses showed that the key step for accessing the proteins in the soiled archaeological samples was heating for 10 min at 95 °C with a solution of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine/chloroacetamide (TCEP/CAA). The protocol proposed in this study offers to work on minute samples (1 mg of sample or less) and overcame the challenge of separating the proteins from their archaeological matrix. It offers interesting perspectives for archaeological sites or objects where clothing are suspected but hardly detectable, such as burial sites.

Exploration of Batik Block on Vegetable Tanned Cow Leather for Malaysia Craft

Exploration of Batik Block on Vegetable Tanned Cow Leather for Malaysia Craft

UJI BANDING ANTAR LABORATORIUM DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP LABORATORIUM PENGUJIAN FISIS POLITEKNIK ATK

One of the raw materials for footwear is Chrome tanned box leather with a thickness according to the applicable SNI quality standards. The problem with measuring skin thickness has received less attention from laboratory personnel during testing. The Quality Control Section is responsible for the implementation of quality assurance and quality control of test results. External quality control is carried out by cross-laboratory comparisons. The purpose of this research is to find out the competence of the Physical Testing laboratory as an executor in inter-laboratory comparison tests with skin thickness test parameters. The material used is cow leather. The test method uses SNI-06-7128-2005. stationary. The comparative test was carried out from June to August 2022 followed by the Physical Testing Laboratory as the executor of the activities (laboratory A), laboratories B and C. The test results obtained standard deviation for laboratory A vs B 0.1396 and laboratory A vs C 0.0795 . The t value for laboratory A vs B was 0.625 and laboratory A vs C was 1.85. Based on t table at 95% confidence level for laboratory A vs B 2.228 and laboratory Avs C 2.201, t count < from t table comparative test between laboratories is declared not significantly different or acceptable. Physical Testing laboratory personnel can be declared competent for the skin thickness test.

Factors Affecting Human Visual Behavior and Preference for Sneakers: An Eye-Tracking Study.

Human visual behavior on a product significantly affects their purchasing behavior during online shopping. In this study, two experimental studies were performed to investigate human visual behavior and preference for sneakers using an eye tracking technology. The first study discovered that shoelace and vamp areas of interests (AOIs) attracted more attention than the other AOIs. The second study explored the factors affecting human behavior on sneakers, which employed 30 students from different professional backgrounds (i.e., such as fashion and non-fashion disciplines), and examined 24 sneakers, i.e., combinations of four shoelace styles and six vamp materials. The results showed that both genders irrespective of their professional backgrounds were more concerned about the shoelaces than vamps. The shoelace AOI gained more attention of females than males, while the vamp AOI was more concerned by males than females. The vamp AOI was more concerned by non-professionals than professionals, while the shoelace AOI was paid more attention by professionals than non-professionals. Besides, flat or round shoelaces, canvas, and cow leather or cotton flannel vamp materials were more preferred by the participants than the other types. The findings are of great help for the fashion product designers, the manufacturers, and the sellers to provide the product required by the customers.

Measurement of carbonization region on leather cutting in CO2 and diode laser-based laser beam process

There is a quite wide range of animal leathers such as cow leather, sheep leather and buffalo leather used for leather garments and leather goods such as bags, wallets and other customized leather articles. The drawbacks of manual cutting can be eliminated by laser-based cutting. However, unwanted carbonization is happened owing to the higher thermal influence. There is no standard procedure or method available to measure the carbonization region on leather cutting. Diode lasers can process leather rapidly and efficiently. In the present work, an attempt was proposed to introduce the image processing-based measurement approach in leather cutting using CO2 laser and diode laser. The cutting experiments were performed on sheep leather with a thickness of 1 mm. It was found that the proposed can effectively measure the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of leather cutting. It has also been found that diode laser could produce lower HAZ than CO2 laser on leather cutting.

Application of technology to increase economic value and consumer preferences of tilapia, stingray and cow leather products

Technological innovation in the business world can immediately increase the novelty, economic value, added value & market segment of commercial products. Preservation, tanning & processing technology can increase the novelty, economic value & market segment of commercial leather products. The objective of the research is to examine the impact of technological innovation on the economic value, added value & consumer preferences for fish leather products. This study uses market segmentation, value-added, consumer preferences and descriptive methods. The economic value of commercial fish skin products are as follows: (1) preservation technology produces economic value of fresh tilapia skin of IDR 3,000 per sheet, stingray skin of IDR 50,000 & cowhide of IDR 5,000; (2) tanning technology produces economic value for tilapia skin of IDR 7,500 per sheet, stingray skin of IDR 125,000 and cowhide of IDR 10,000; (3) the design and technology of processing a 3-in-1 tilapia skin wallet produces an economic value of IDR 300,000; 3-in-1 stingray skin wallet for IDR 400,000 & 3-in-1 cowhide wallet for IDR 240,000. The added value of the 3-in-1 tilapia skin wallets is IDR 441,000; stingray leather wallet which is IDR 650,000 & 3-in-1 cowhide wallet is IDR 235,000. The average value of consumer preferences for commercial tilapia, stingray & cow leather wallets are 85%, 90% & 75%. The highest consumer preferences are based on the attributes of color, shape and price.

Synthesis of Vegan Leather Using Plant-Based Substrates: A Preliminary Study

Cow leather is a widely used material. Even though durable, it causes ethical, social, and environmental issues. The synthesis of vegan leather, using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), could be explored for an alternative to cow leather. Presently, there are limited studies on the different substrates used to produce vegan leather using this method. Hence, this study aimed to produce plant-based vegan leather, using various plant-based substrates such as black tea, green tea, black and green tea, coconut water, and fruit pulp with five replicates per substrate. All the substrates used in the experiments were able to produce cellulose upon inoculation. The overall results indicate that the substrate consisting of a mixture of black and green tea was the most effective in producing vegan leather in terms of yield and cost.

Organoleptic Characteristics Of Cow Skin Cracker With Variety Of Skin Types And Souring Time

Skin crackers are snacks which made from cattle skin. In order to get a good quality of skin crackers, the immersion process is carried out in a mixture of whiting solution and pineapple skin extract. This study aimed to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of cow skin crackers with different types of skin and soaking time. The material used in this study is cow leather, whiting and pineapple skin. The method used is a completely randomized design factorial pattern with 3 x 3 and 4 times repetition. Factor A is the type of skin part (head, foot and neck) and factor B is difference of immersion time (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). Research variables included color, aroma, taste, joy, crispness and acceptance of the panelists. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and the smallest real difference test (LSD). The results showed that the interaction between the type of skin and immersion time did not significantly influence (P> 0.05) on color, aroma, taste, crispness, panelist acceptance and preference. Independent skin immersion time significantly influence (P <0.05) on color, aroma, taste, crispness, panelist acceptance and preference. The best treatment is obtained at 96 hours of immersion time.

Selection Of Raw Materials For Leather Jacket Using The Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp) Method

Cow leather, sheep leather, goat leather and buffalo leather are the raw materials for making leather jackets at PT X umkm. The selection of raw materials determines the quality of the leather jacket product with the appropriate criteria to meet quality standards. PT X has determined the best criteria in the production of leather jackets including physical, color, texture and moisture content as parameters for determining decision making. The end result of this study is which leather type best fits the required criteria. Determination of alternative choices for leather jacket raw materials using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Determining the texture and moisture content is a decision that can be obtained for the multicriteria decision making materials for choice and identification of problems to develop in finding or formulating alternative problems using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method ( AHP) documentation from a library study from the calculation of cowhide with the results obtained that cow leather ranks first in all aspects of the criteria, starting from physical criteria, color, texture, and moisture content, with these results cowhide is in a higher texture and content. superior with total weight of cow leather1.66, sheep leather 1.07, goat leather 0.84 and buffalo leather 0.43. However, research continues to improve the addition of criteria and alternatives in the hope of increasing choices.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI DAN NILAI TAMBAH PRODUK AGROINDUSTRI OLAHAN KERUPUK KULIT SAPI

This research takes the title "Analysis of Efficiency and Added Value of Processed Agroindustry Products of Cow Crackers (Case Study in Seganteng Mataram City). This research was conducted by taking 6 business units, namely the business of processing cow crackers in Seganteng, Sandubaya Subdistrict, Mataram City, which were determined intentionally. The purpose of this study is to analyze production costs and expenditure levels, cost efficiency and value added or Value Added Ratio (RNT).Overall, of the 6 agro-industry business units for making crackers, while the level of business ratio (R / C Ratio), the average value is above 1 or R / C. The ratio is> 1, which is meant by both the business of processing skin crackers (R / C Ratio = 2.43) means that this business is profitable to be undertaken, with the average income obtained by the leather cracker industry in a single production process of Rp. 7,163,263.The added value of the business of processing leather crackers is IDR 7,663,263 and the added value per kg in the production process is (7,633,263: 141 kg) IDR 58,844.33 which means that every 1 kg of cow leather processed into cow skin crackers can be given an added value of 58,844 , 33. The value added ratio (RNT) of 63% means that the value added is high because the RNT is> 50%. means the agro-industry business Making cowhide crackers has good prospects for development,To further increase the added value of the processing agro-industry business (the business of cowhide crackers) the need to further increase operational costs such as the use of fuel, the use of electricity, the purchase of auxiliary materials. In addition it needs new innovations in creating new products that are more attractive to consumers' purchasing power.

Development of modern bag design using cultural content from Baekje

As a cultural feature of, the relics of the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong are suitable design content for applying with sophisticated production and delicate molding laser cutting techniques. The purpose of this study is to develop modern bag designs using relics of the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong of Baekje using laser-cutting techniques. First, the historical background and meaning of Baekje’s cultural content were explored. Second, the principle of laser-cutting techniques were explored, laser-cutting techniques applied to modern fashion and bag design were examined, and bag design characteristics were analyzed. Third, based on prior research, the criteria for the development of bag design, from which eight bag design were developed that combine modern popularity and functionality utilizing Baekje cultural content and using laser-cutting techniques to apply the textile design developed by researchers in 2013 (modified to match laser-cutting techniques). The research results show that bag were clutch, tote, shoulder, and mini. Gold, silver, brown, beige, and navy colors were arranged, based on black/white contrast. Cow, lambskin, washed snakeskin, mesh, and Saffiano leather were used. For the pattern-applying technique, this study showed that a new digital technique, which is laser-cutting techniques could be combined with contemporary bag designs. Moreover, a bag design was developed that has a modern sense and functionality as well as Korean formativeness, which is significant.

Herbalogical study of Colla Corii Asini(Ejiao)

Colla Corii Asini(Ejiao)is an important Chinese medicine used in China for thousands of years, and is well known for its famous tonic properties. The herbalogical study was detailed carried out based on the naming, habitat, harvesting, processing, medicinal properties and clinical efficacy. The results showed that the name of Ejiao could be traced back to Shennong's Materia Medica, and various names of Lvpi Jiao, Penfu Jiao and Fuzhi Jiao were recorded in other ancient books. In the many intervening centuries, the main materials of Ejiao had been replaced from cow leather before Tang Dynasty to donkey skin in the middle to late Tang Dynasty. This phenomenon could be probably caused by complicated social factors of various periods and different efficacy of Ejiao made by all kinds of raw materials. Ejiao was merely processed with the simple methods before Tang Dynasty, which subsequently improved avariety of methods to enhance the supplementation action. Most importantly, Ejiao has a wide clinic application along with the development of processing theories and methods, which can be found in various Classics, especially in imperial medical case record in Qing Dynasty.

OPTIMASI PEMBUATAN PEREKAT KAYU ALAMI DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH PENYAMAKAN KULIT

In the leather tanning industry, split leather is the bottom that does not have a layer of genuine leather. In one ton of garaman skin (fresh skin that has been preserved with salt) An estimated 11.5% split skin or the amount of 115 kg. There are still many that are produced later which are used for other purposes that can obtain added value of these products, for example for making krecek (skin crackers). Research has been carried out to utilize the split-lit waste from the leather tanning industry. Therefore this research of skin waste was carried out to produce glue using the collagen hydrolysis process using a hydrochloric acid catalyst (HCl). The process of hydrolysis in this experiment using HCl catalyst which run in beaker glass with magnetic stirrer. Then with a certain temperature-split skin is heateduntil it becomes thick and the solution filtered. After the filtrate is evaporated in the oven until a constant weight in the form of glue. From the experiments have been conducted on the variable the ratio between the weight of substances reacting to the volume of water, with 5% HCl catalyst as much as 10 mL, stirring speed of 250 rpm and temperature 70-75oC obtained under optimum conditions at the reaction time of 3 hours that is cow leather in the ratio of matter 30gr/200 mL water of reagents with the results of glue as much as 6.90gr 10.8 grams, the yield is 35.35%, and adhesive firmness of 15.41kg/cm2. Whereas for goat leather in the ratio of matter 20gr/200mL water with the results of glue as much as 6.90gr, the yield is 28.66%, and the adhesive firmness is 7.70kg/cm2

Integration of deterministic and probabilistic inventory methods to optimize the balance between overstock and stockout

In inventory management, stockout and overstock are problems that always occur in the inventory system. The limitations of the method make it difficult for companies to determine the level of inventory following probabilistic inventory conditions. Ajeng Gallery is a quality bag craft company that has problems in the supply of raw materials where there is always a large stockout and overstock. The research is limited to cow leather material which is the main material based on the results of ABC analysis. This research also integrates Min-Max method which is a deterministic method to determine the level of inventory then the results will be integrated with Monte Carlo simulation which is a probabilistic method so that it can evaluate the amount of stockout and overstock that occurs. The results showed that the company no longer experienced stockout for 1 month and the amount of overstock decreased by 0.42% of the actual system.

RANCANG BANGUN E-COMMERCE BERBASIS WEB RESPONSIVE DAN MOBILE ANDROID PADA UMKM AIKORI NATURAL LEATHER BAG SEMARANG SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI DAN INFORMASI

The development of the internet in Indonesia is one factor in improving the economy in Indonesia. UMKM Aikori Natural Leather Bag Semarang is a micro company engaged in the creative industry that produces handicraft items made from cow leather. Since its establishment in 2011, the company has only introduced its leather craft products offline. So many customers find it difficult to get information about the latest product collections from UMKM Aikori Natural Leather Bag Semarang. To overcome this problem a web was created using one of the CMS (Content Management System) namely Wordpress which can expand market share and also facilitate UMKM Aikori Natural Leather Bag Semarang in managing product sales. The purpose of this research is to build online-based sales media using Wordpress content management system so that it can expand market share that cannot be reached by the previous system. The method used in this research is the System Development Life Cycle, namely Waterfall, where there are several stages, namely requirements definition, system and software design, implementation and until testing, system testing, operation and maintenance. The results of this research show that a good web can contain the latest information so that it can be accessed by customers anytime and anywhere.