Coverage Width Research Articles

RESULTS OF COMPARISON TESTS FOR CHOOSING THE TYPE OF ROLLER

The article presents the results of the experimental studies on determining the optimal values of the roller of the plowed land and selecting its type on the basis of this. In experimental studies, the provision of complete processing of the field surface is ensured mainly by the selection of the type of roller and the planer for installation on the roller, in order to obtain the required level of moisture for seed germination according to agrotechnical requirements. it is noted that there are gear-plate, rod working parts. In order to verify these obtained results, we made plate, gear-plate, and rod coils, which have a constant diameter, and conducted experimental studies using them. In experimental studies, after using different rollers with a constant diameter, the influence of soil compaction, density and tensile strength was studied. In order to reduce the influence of various variable factors on the obtained results, the experiments were carried out on a specially prepared agro background, that is, it was first plowed and then leveled. In order to test the theoretically based parameters of the roller selected for conducting experimental studies in field conditions, the bases of the roller with a coverage width of 1.5 m and fixed-diameter bases with slats, toothed-slats, and wire plates to be installed on them were developed. released and prepared. Based on the results of experimental studies, the following can be noted: in order to ensure that the compaction quality and density of the soil meet the agrotechnical requirements, and to ensure that the rolling resistance is minimal, it is necessary to have a gear-plate roller.

Line optimization of multi-beam sonar sounding technology in ocean surveying and mapping

Abstract In this paper, the problem of line optimization existing in the practical application of multi-beam sonar-sounding technology is studied. Firstly, by analyzing the working principle of multi-beam sonar, the multi-beam coverage width model and the overlap rate model between adjacent strips are established considering the slope of seabed terrain. Then, a more general parameterized multi-beam coverage width formula with an adjustable azimuth angle of the line is derived under three-dimensional space coordinates. Then, the minimum total line length is defined as the objective function, and the constraint conditions of overlap rate and complete coverage are added to establish the mathematical model of line planning. Then, an iterative algorithm is designed to quickly determine the line spacing, and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, including a trigonometric function change learning factor, is used to search for the optimal line layout. Finally, the simulation results show that the optimized scheme can reduce the total line length by 2% compared with the unoptimized line layout, which verifies the effectiveness of the established model and algorithm. This study provides a theoretical basis for navigation planning and shipboard system optimization of multi-beam sonar survey. Subsequent work taking into account the influence of complex sea conditions, efforts were made to expand the model’s applicability.

Research on multi-beam survey line system based on dynamic programming algorithm

This paper establishes a calculation model for the coverage width and overlap rate of a multi-beam survey line system [1], and optimizes the multi-beam bathymetric survey plan for marine areas. Through the dynamic programming algorithm, a reasonable survey line plan is designed based on the actual marine area depth. The research content includes: Model Establishment: Construct a calculation model for coverage width and overlap rate, determining the coverage width and overlap rate at each position. Three-Dimensional Space Model: Using the survey vessel as the origin and combining marine area information, solve for the coverage width at different angles. Shortest Survey Line Plan: Using the dynamic programming algorithm, determine the shortest survey line plan, with the dynamic transfer equation determined by the overlap rate index. The total length of the survey line in this plan is calculated to be 114,824 meters. Specific Survey Line Plan Design: Using sea depth data and cubic spline interpolation to complete the discrete point plane, construct approximate width and slope. Under the condition of relaxing the overlap rate to 5%-30%, the shortest survey line length is obtained as 398,059 meters, with a missing survey area ratio of 0%, and the total length of parts with an overlap rate exceeding 20% is 25,759 meters, accounting for 6.4%. This study provides theoretical basis and calculation methods for optimizing multi-beam bathymetric survey plans.

Geometry-based multi-beam survey line layout problem

Abstract The multi-beam measurement system plays a crucial role in ocean mapping and underwater terrain detection. By simultaneously transmitting multiple beams, the system can accurately receive sound waves reflected from the seabed, providing more precise and comprehensive water depth information while effectively revealing the complexity and characteristics of underwater terrain. Under the background and application provided by Question B of the 2023 National Mathematical Contest in Modeling for College Students, this paper investigates the relationship between ocean floor width measurement and factors such as beam position, angle, and slope. Utilizing geometric relations, trigonometric similarity, and sine theorem, a mathematical model is established to determine adjacent strip coverage width and overlap ratio. Furthermore, an optimal strategy is determined by using a greedy algorithm, while binary search backtracking is employed to derive the interval of the next adjacent survey line with the required overlap ratio to obtain an optimal terrain detection strategy.

Research on survey line arrangement of a multibeam bathymetric system in ocean mapping

Submarine topography measurement technology is an important technology for exploring marine resources. Multi-beam bathymetry systems have high efficiency and important application value in underwater resource surveys, marine delimitation, and other fields. They are currently one of the most widely used measurement technologies. This study aims to optimize multi-beam bathymetry technology and apply it to seabed topography measurement, achieving a transition from point measurement to line measurement and minimizing measurement paths. A mathematical model was established for the coverage width and overlap rate between adjacent bands of multi-beam bathymetry at a given water depth based on planar geometric modeling and three-dimensional geometric modeling. The model was applied to a rectangular sea area with a length of 2 nautical miles (3704 meters) from north to south and a width of 4 nautical miles (7408 meters) from east to west. The optimal survey line planning was obtained as follows: all survey lines are in the north-south direction, with a total of 34 survey lines and a total length of 68 nautical miles. This model has good solution results for optimizing the layout of survey lines under different seabed conditions and can adjust important parameters of the system according to different conditions. The model has broad practical significance and can provide a reference for ocean-sounding work and other fields with high accuracy.

A Study of Multibeam Line Measurement Problems Based on Analytic Geometry and Mechanistic Analysis

Based on the important application of multibeam bathymetric systems in marine science and engineering, this study explores their working principle and application potential. Through the establishment of a mathematical model, problems such as coverage width and distance between survey lines are solved, and an optimized survey line layout scheme is proposed. For the seabed topography data, combined with geometric analysis and visualization technology, accurate measurement and analysis of seabed topography is realized, which provides important support for marine survey, resource exploration and underwater engineering. The research results are of guiding significance for the further development and application of multibeam bathymetry technology and provide strong support for research and practice in related fields.

Optimization of Multibeam Survey Measurement Based on Greedy Algorithm

The effectiveness of multibeam bathymetric technology is widely recognized in marine depth measurements, especially in areas with complex and variable seafloor topography. This study aims to design a multibeam bathymetric survey plan for a specific maritime region, with the objectives of minimizing the total survey line length, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the target area, controlling the overlap between adjacent survey lines, and fully considering variations in seafloor topography. An optimization model was developed to determine the optimal route for comprehensive seafloor depth measurements within the specified maritime area.The model initially considers the influence of seafloor slope, establishing a single optimization objective model with the goal of minimizing the total survey line length. The decision variables primarily include the spacing between adjacent survey lines. The objective function of the model aims to reduce the number of survey lines, thereby achieving the minimization of the total survey line length. Constraints of the model encompass limitations on coverage range, calculations of coverage width, and relationships between survey lines. The model is solved using a greedy algorithm-based optimization approach, iteratively updating the positions of survey lines while determining the spacing based on the relationship between depth and coverage width. Ultimately, a layout of survey lines with the shortest total length, totaling 64 nautical miles with a configuration of 32 survey lines, is obtained for the assumed maritime area. Multibeam bathymetric technology holds broad prospects in the field of marine measurements, particularly in areas characterized by complex and variable seafloor topography. This study, by designing a multibeam bathymetric survey plan for a specific maritime region, not only contributes to improving measurement efficiency and accuracy but also reduces measurement costs and resource consumption. The outcomes of this research have significant practical implications for marine resource development, seafloor engineering construction, environmental protection, providing professionals in related fields with an effective measurement method and optimization strategy.

Research on Multi-Beam Sounding Based on Local Optimal Model

Multi-beam sounding technology can provide higher spatial resolution than single-beam sounding by transmitting fan-shaped acoustic signals from the transducer of a survey ship along the normal plane of the survey line to measure the sea depth. It is of great significance to study the line design scheme of multi-beam sounding for uneven seabed topography to improve the efficiency of underwater terrain mapping. This paper mainly studies the optimization of multi-beam sounding line under ideal slope. Firstly, a single angle model of ideal slope is established, and the flat seabed overlap ratio formula is extended to slope seabed to calculate the coverage width of beam sounding. Secondly, an angle model of ideal slope is established to calculate the corresponding coverage width under different positions of the slope sea area. Finally, the optimal routing model of ideal slope is established. The design scheme of the local optimal survey line is obtained through comprehensive analysis. In engineering practice, the optimal routing of real terrain can be solved by using the ideal slope optimal routing model through the idea of plane approximation, which provides a new idea for the optimal route selection of underwater terrain mapping.

Mathematical Modelling and Optimisation in Multibeam Bathymetry: A Study of Coverage Width, Overlap Rate and Course Optimisation

This paper focuses on the field of multibeam bathymetry, firstly, a two-dimensional mathematical model with coverage width, overlap rate, and seawater depth as the objectives is established by using the trigonometric properties, the terrain slope factor and the effect of different survey line distances from the centre on multibeam bathymetry. Matlab software was used to solve the model, and the expressions for the coverage width and the overlap rate of adjacent strips were obtained. Secondly, for the multibeam bathymetry along a certain direction, based on the three-dimensional geometric seawater depth model, the coverage width model corresponding to different survey line directions was obtained by using the classification discussion method. Finally, through the optimisation model and traversal algorithm, the optimisation model that meets the requirement of the overlap rate of adjacent strips is established with the objective of minimising the total routes, and solved by the cyclic traversal idea. This study provides a comprehensive mathematical model and optimisation method for multibeam bathymetry, and lays a theoretical foundation for practical applications in related fields.

Short-term wind speed interval prediction using improved quality-driven loss based gated multi-scale convolutional sequence model

Efficient estimation of the uncertainty associated with wind speed forecast is crucial for evaluating wind farms' power quality and operation. Typically, the performance of prediction interval (PI) generating models; is restricted in terms of computational efficiency inheritably from the sequential data processing; whereas restrictions in forecast quality are derived from the PI generation techniques. This paper presents an efficient Gated Multi-Scale Convolutional Sequence Model (GMSCSM) to forecast wind speed PIs. GMSCSM while conserving the ‘recurrence’ of LSTMs also offers ‘parallel input’ advantage of CNNs for better computational efficiency which is highly desirable for short-term forecasting models. In addition, capturing features at various scales in the sequence, GMSCSM learns both local details and global context which is vital for multi-horizon forecasts. The model generates quality PIs utilizing an improved quality-driven loss which we proposed by invoking calibration assessment in its existing definition. Forecasts generated for eight different datasets obtained from two different wind farms show an improvement of 30 % and 6 % in the average coverage width criterion index while reducing the model training time to nearly half and one third of the respective values obtained from traditional and LSTM based models which showcases the proposed model's excellent prediction capability and efficiency.

Optimization model for multibeam sounding line deployment based on genetic algorithm

Multibeam sounding technology is a cutting-edge method used for measuring underwater topography, widely applied across various fields. The actual seafloor terrain often exhibits significant fluctuations, leading to challenges such as insufficient coverage in shallow areas and excessive overlap in deep-water zones, resulting in inefficient operations. Rational selection of line spacing helps improve measurement efficiency and ensures data integrity. In this paper, taking the 2023 National College Student Mathematical Modeling Competition Problem B as a background, we conduct a thorough analysis of the variation patterns of the coverage width of multibeam sounding strips with respect to various parameters. We establish models for ocean depth and coverage width, determining how the strip coverage width changes with distance and the angle between survey lines in different scenarios. Finally, employing genetic algorithms and differential methods, we identify decision variables, objective functions, and constraints to formulate a nonlinear programming model. Through iterative searches, we obtain an optimal sounding line deployment plan that maximizes coverage of the target sea area while keeping the overlap rate below 20%. The calculated missed measurement error is approximately 32.774%, and the overlap rate is around 10.477%, indicating a high level of model accuracy.

Construction of line Layout Model Based on Geometric Deduction and Constrained Heuristic Search

Based on problem B of the National Mathematical Contest in Modeling for College Students in 2023, this paper establishes a model through geometric deductive deduction, and establishes and solves an optimal model of survey line layout through constrained heuristic algorithm. In problem 1, a mathematical model of coverage width and overlap rate is established based on triangle relation and triangle sine theorem by finding the mathematical relationship between target quantity and known quantity. In problem 2, the angle between the known direction of the survey line and the projection of the normal direction of the submarine slope on the horizontal plane is . We can imagine a surface perpendicular to the direction of the measurement line, and then find the slope of the imaginary surface according to the geometric relationship, and replace the slope Angle of problem 1 with the imaginary slope Angle to obtain the mathematical model of the coverage width. Based on this, the constraints of the Angle and overlap rate of the line are added, and the problem 3 is simplified into the optimization problem of multiple routes in problem 2. Finally, by changing the parameter setting of slope Angle in the model, the sensitivity analysis is carried out, and it is found that the model is stable and reliable.To sum up, the problems from one to four are gradually deepened and progressively advanced, and the development of Marine survey field is facilitated by establishing a model of depth survey line layout.

Research on Multibeam Bathymetric System Based on Greedy Algorithm and Variable Step Size Traversal Algorithm

Multi-beam bathymetry system is an advanced technology to measure the seabed based on single-beam bathymetry. In this paper, the greedy algorithm and variable step traversal method will be used to establish the mathematical models of coverage width and overlapping rate of adjacent strips of multi-beam sounding, and the best scheme of survey line layout will be designed by establishing the optimization model. According to the established mathematical model of overlap rate, the mathematical model of coverage width of multi-beam sounding in three-dimensional rectangular waters is optimized. Finally, according to the real life, with the overlapping rate of adjacent strips within 10% to 20% as the limiting condition and the minimum total length of survey lines as the objective function, a single-objective optimization model is established. Then, Python is used to solve the problem through greedy algorithm and variable step-size traversal algorithm, and it is found that the included angle of survey line direction in the optimal scheme is 90, and the minimum total length of survey line is 68 nautical miles. Stability analysis is carried out by changing the constraint range of overlap rate.

A deterministic and probabilistic hybrid model for wind power forecasting based improved feature screening and optimal Gaussian mixed kernel function

Forecasting wind power is crucial to ensuring the electricity system runs steadily. However, wind power forecasting is hampered by the randomness and volatility of wind power data. In this paper, a deterministic and probabilistic decomposition ensemble model based on improved feature screening and optimal Gaussian mixed kernel function is proposed, which mainly includes feature screening, feature learning, intelligent weighted integration and interval prediction modules. First, an improved feature screening (IFS) is proposed to capture the optimal features of the original wind power data, eliminating the interference of redundant features. Then an optimized deep neural network is suggested to learn the outcomes of IFS and further explore the temporal correlation of these features. Then, considering the difference of the contribution of each feature component, the final result is obtained by integrating the preliminary forecast results using intelligent weighted integration (IWI). Finally, an optimal mixed kernel-based Gaussian process regression model is developed for interval prediction, which improves the adaptability of the model. The data sets of two wind farms in Inner Mongolia were used for empirical testing. On the two datasets, the model's root mean square error (RMSE) is 1.1845 and 1.7354, respectively, both of which are lower than the comparison model. The model has the lowest coverage width criterion (CWC) of 0.1499 and 0.1460 on the two datasets, respectively.

A study of multibeam line measurement based on analytic geometry and genetic algorithm

This paper focuses on the multibeam bathymetry technology for seabed terrain detection, and utilizes the geometric model, genetic algorithm to study the multibeam bathymetry line according to the actual situation of multibeam bathymetry coverage width, measurement length and overlap rate. Firstly, this paper uses the geometric analysis of the coverage width in relation to the slope angle and seawater depth , establishes the multibeam bathymetry coverage width and overlap rate model, and obtains the results of the coverage width and overlap rate in the specified cases by using python. Secondly, on this basis, a new condition of line direction angle is introduced to establish a multibeam bathymetry coverage width model based on line direction, and the coverage widths under different line directions are obtained by using pyhon, and the analytical results show that the coverage widths and seawater depths are positively correlated with each other under the main oblique measurement direction. Finally, considering the influence of the minimum coverage area, the range of overlap rate and other constraints, the objective function of the shortest survey line length is established under the oblique measurement direction, and the shortest survey line program is obtained based on the genetic algorithm solution. The model constructed in this paper can provide a new idea in the field of nautical miles surveying and mapping.

Research on multibeam bathymetric strategy based on sine theorem and equivalent slope angle

Multibeam bathymetry is widely used in the fields of water body bathymetry and terrain survey, and the survey line laying scheme is of key significance to improve the measurement accuracy and enhance the measurement efficiency. Therefore, it is of practical significance to increase the research on the survey line laying scheme for different water bodies and different terrains. In this paper, we firstly establish a single-slope multibeam bathymetry coverage width and overlap rate model based on the sine theorem in the case of constant line direction, and solve a set of analytical solutions for seawater depth, coverage width and overlap rate; then we extend the study on the coverage width when the direction of the survey line is changed, and establish a multibeam coverage width model based on the equivalent slope; finally, the optimal line laying scheme is solved for a given rectangle area.

Research on the Multibeam Bathymetry Problem in Uneven Seabeds Based on Computational Geometry

The principle of the multibeam seabed bathymetry system involves emitting dozens to hundreds of beams at once in a plane perpendicular to the course, and then receiving the acoustic waves returned by the seabed through the receiving transducer. This paper will study through computational geometry how to calculate information such as seabed depth, survey line coverage width, and the overlap rate between survey lines based on the received information in uneven seabed areas. This study first discusses the special case where the survey line is parallel to the contour line, defining coverage width and overlap rate. It then uses the sine theorem and triangle solving to calculate physical quantities such as seawater depth, coverage width, and overlap rate with the previous survey line when the seabed has a slope. Sensitivity analysis is conducted from three aspects: depth, slope, and opening angle. This research continues to discuss the general case where the survey line is not parallel to the contour line. By first calculating the angle between the intersection line generated by the seabed section detected by the vessel and the seabed slope surface and the horizontal plane, the problem is transformed into the model under the parallel situation to continue the calculation and solve the coverage width. The study of multibeam bathymetry in uneven seabeds using computational geometry enables the application of multibeam bathymetry in uneven seabed areas, providing a simple calculation method for the field of bathymetry in uneven seabeds and expanding the application conditions of multibeam bathymetry.

Multi-beam Line-finding Problem Based on Geometric Model

In this paper, a geometric model is established to study the problem of multi-beam sounding line deployment. In this paper, the index of multi-beam sounding is calculated firstly. The geometric model of the path of the acoustic signal transmitted by the measuring ship and the transducer of the measuring ship, the seabed slope and the plane perpendicular to the direction of the measuring line are established. The mathematical relationship between the coverage width W of multi-beam sounding and the overlap rate between adjacent strips is obtained, and the overlap rate between adjacent strips is calculated. Finally, the model is tested to meet the robustness and the model is correct. Secondly, this paper studies the coverage width W of multi-beam sounding. According to the two cases that the coverage width W has nothing to do with the slope of the seabed and the coverage width W has something to do with the slope of the seabed, the geometric models of the measurement ship, the path of the acoustic signal emitted by the transducer of the measurement ship, the seabed slope and the plane perpendicular to the direction of the survey line are established respectively, and the geometric model is tested. The model is correct.

Research on multi-beam problems based on geometric modeling and underwater detection

This paper aims to establish and solve the mathematical model of coverage width under multi-beam bathymetry, rising from a one-dimensional sea area measurement problem to a two-dimensional sea area measurement problem. First, this paper takes the center of the sea area as the coordinate origin, establishes a one-dimensional coordinate system, and derives the functional relationship between the coordinate position of the measured ship axis and the angle of the seabed slope through the triangle edge relationship. At the same time, the mathematical relationship between the depth of the water body and the position of the measuring ship is constructed, and the relationship between the single coverage width of the detection system and the depth of the water body is found using the sine theorem. Subsequently, this paper established a two-dimensional sea area measurement model. Taking the center point of the sea area to be measured as the coordinate origin, a three-dimensional coordinate system was constructed. The normal vector projection direction was taken into account to obtain the new slope angle, and the two-dimensional sea area measurement was converted into a one-dimensional sea area. Measurement. Finally, this article uses MATLAB to conduct simulation experiments and gives the relationship between the coverage width and the position of the survey ship at different angles between survey line directions, providing an effective reference for the multi-beam sounding strategy.

Multi-beam line observation optimization strategy based on random variable unitary iterative model

Multibeam system has many advantages such as large measurement range, fast speed, high accuracy, etc., which can be applied in many fields such as marine topographic survey. In this paper, the relationship between coverage width and other variables is obtained by analyzing the geometric relationship between each parameter, and a multibeam sounding model based on geometric relationship is established. And based on the intelligent optimization algorithm, an iterative optimization model with random variable singularization is designed independently. And the actual terrain data were visualized and simplified into various parameters in line with the model. With the help of the definition of the coverage rate, the relationship between the coverage width and other variables, and the one-to-one correspondence between the translation distance of the slope and the coverage rate, the complex measurement problem can be transformed into a simple linear programming problem, and the relationship model between the coverage rate and other variables is established. In the end, the model can be used to derive the optimal wiring scheme to realize high-precision and full-coverage sweeping of the seabed terrain in the given sea area without omission, provided that the ship speed, beam opening angle and other factors are reasonable.