Coverage Of Zones Research Articles

Sequential riparian vegetation alteration in Japanese river landscapes

Bare gravel bed channels have been a common landscape feature of the middle reaches of rivers throughout Japan. They are disappearing these days because of vegetation colonization. Vegetation coverage of the riparian zones in the midstream reaches of rivers distributed throughout Japan was investigated using aerial photo images taken in 1946, 1975, and 2010. It was then compared with hydrological and water quality records, locations of dams and weirs, residential conditions of the surrounding areas, sediment yields, and forest coverage of the upstream mountainous areas. Riparian vegetation coverage has substantially increased in the last 70 years, from nearly 0 to 30-40%. Herbaceous vegetation coverage is higher than tree coverage. The total vegetation coverage did not correlate with water quality parameters. However, vegetation coverage had a significant negative correlation with the upstream basin's sediment yield and a slight negative correlation with the maximum flood peak flow rate. It was positively correlated with the terrestrial area fraction between levees. Riparian vegetation coverage was high within the 2 km downstream of dams or weirs, intercepting sediment flows. These results indicated that the gravelly sediment supplied from the upstream and deposited in the midstream at flood time has been the major contributor to keeping the vegetation coverage low rather than flushing by flood water. Reforestation since World War II has reduced the coarse sediment supply into the midstream river channels. This reforestation, together with gravel mining and intercepting sediment flow by dams and weirs, has caused the recent increase in vegetation coverage of the riparian zones. Human intervention can affect the vegetation conditions in riparian zones by decreasing sediment supply to river channels.

INFLUENCE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON HYDRAULIC FRACTURING EFFICIENCY

Link for citation: Khizhniak G.P., Assane Dieng. Influence technological parameters on hydraulic fracturing efficiency. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 6, рр.120-125. In Rus. Relevance. Hydraulic fracturing in production and injection wells is one of the effective method for enhancing oil recovery, involving low-permeability zones and interlayers in the development, a mechanism for a wider coverage of productive zones by waterflooding, which makes it possible to convert part of off-balance reserves into commercial ones. According to experts, the use of hydraulic fracturing can increase the oil and gas recovery factor by 10–15 %. Currently, most of the oil fields in the Perm Territory are at the final stage of development. These fields, as a rule, are characterized by non-draining zones with residual reserves and low well flow rates. Most of the remaining reserves of the fields are concentrated in low-permeability reservoirs with a high degree of heterogeneity and difficult fluid filtration. The increase in the productivity of wells of these production facilities is achieved through the use of various geological and technical measures. The main aim: to develop a methodology for predicting the oil production rate post-frac with parameters that influence more, taking into account geological and technological characteristics of the object. Objects: Kashirskiy and Podolskiy carbonate deposits on one of the Permian fields. Methods: correlation and regression analysis. Results. The hydraulic fracturing method is widely used to increase well productivity. Unfortunately, oil flow rates obtained in practice do not always correspond to preliminary calculations. Using the example of one of the fields in the Perm Territory, a method proposed that allows estimating the initial oil production rate after hydraulic fracturing using the values of the technological parameters of productive deposits and the methods of mathematical statistics. A good agreement between model and experimental results was obtained.

Groundwater Potential Mapping using Geospatial and AHP Techniques in Eastern Province of Rwanda

The article presents an analysis of the potential groundwater recharge zones in the Eastern Province of Rwanda using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) in the area are influenced by several factors. To conduct the spatial analysis, seven theme layers were created and integrated, including geology, drainage density, rainfall, slope, soil, land use and land cover (LULC), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), based on multiple criteria, was utilized to assign weights to each layer. By overlaying the theme layers with the prescribed weights, a map of potential groundwater recharge zones was generated. These zones were classified into five categories: poor, fair, medium, good, and excellent, representing 173 km2 (1.9 %), 1002 km2 (11.3%), 5976 km2 (67.2%), 1732 km2 (19.5%), and 12 km2 (0.1%), respectively. The findings revealed that a significant portion of the study area exhibited good to moderate potential zones for groundwater. Among the seven districts in the Eastern Province, Rwamagana district had the highest coverage of good and excellent groundwater potential zones, accounting for 59% and 1% of the area, respectively. The accuracy of the GWPZ map was assessed by comparing it with borehole yield data, demonstrating the reliability of the chosen methodology. These validated results provide valuable support for the sustainable management and strategic utilization of groundwater resources in the study area. The study outcomes can guide decision-makers in making informed choices regarding the conservation of groundwater resources in the research area.

A legislative scan and literature review of lifeguard staffing requirements at public swimming pools in Canada

Within the Ontario public pool legislation, a certain number of lifeguards are required for a given number of bathers in a pool at a given time. Of note, these ratios vary across Canada, and there is little to no scientific evidence given for the required lifeguard to bather ratios in legislation or if they are sufficient to ensure bather safety. Our objective was to perform a legislative scan of Canadian public pool legislation as well as a literature review of scientific evidence to support the ratios used in legislation. A case study was also conducted to illustrate the methods found in the literature and apply it to a pool scenario using the lifeguard:bather ratios prescribed in the Ontario legislation. Using keywords across databases, papers were categorized based on five elements that correspond to a proper water rescue (ratio, scanning, technique, vigilance, scanning cues, and zoning). The literature review indicated that more lifeguards allow for a heightened vigilance, an increase in proper scanning technique, as well as coverage of zones. However, more research must be conducted with regards to proper staffing. Additional research should also be conducted to determine the ideal lifeguard:bather ratio, as there is a lack of standardization of these ratios across Canada.

The anchor point algorithm: A morphometric analysis of anatomic landmarks to guide placement of temporary aortic Rescue stent grafts for noncompressible torso hemorrhage.

Noncompressible hemorrhage remains a high-mortality injury, which requires rapid damage control within minutes to avoid exsanguination. Retrievable stent grafts offer perfusion preserving hemorrhage damage control, and yet algorithms for device selection and positioning are lacking for an anatomically diverse human population. We hypothesized that easily acquired external measurements could be used to rapidly triage patients to receive one of several presized stents and that these metrics may further predict a single target on the aorta by which to optimize both mesenteric perfusion and aortic hemorrhage control. Metrics were acquired from computed tomography imaging of 203 male and female patients aged 18 to 50 years. Algorithms for metric based triage and stent sizing were examined against the cohort for effectiveness. Linear regression was used to predict a single target on the aorta for alignment of a multitiered stent. Next, the relationship of the anchor point to the palpable xiphoid was determined. Clavicle to pubis measurements correlated with aortic length and was used to triage patients to one of three stent grafts. Stents for each triage group were sized to achieve >75% coverage of aortic Zones 1 and 3 in most patients while preserving carotid and visceral perfusion. A metric/sex-based equation that predicts the location of the superior mesenteric artery relative to the palpable xiphoid was derived. By alignment of a single point on the stent with this target, known as the anchor point, the remainder of the stent can be rapidly deployed while minimizing coverage of critical branches. When applied back to the cohort, only 10.4% had potential serious branch coverage events predicted. Simple anatomic metrics offer rapid triage in this study population to one of three presized stent grafts and predict the location of key vascular branches. Confirmatory human trials will be essential to demonstrate safety and effectiveness of this approach. Prognostic/Epidemiological; Level IV.

Spontaneous Area Coverage and Mapping of Restricted Zones with Multiple Mobile Agents

Spontaneous area coverage with multiple cooperative agents has been widely studied in different disciplines, including computer science, biology, statistical physics, and engineering. However, in coverage and exploration missions with autonomous agents, the mapping of restricted subareas has been barely addressed. In this study, we propose a distributed area coverage control and mapping framework to explore and map an unknown 2D environment with multiple agents. Tangent Bug, together with a flood fill inspired algorithm is utilized to circumnavigate and recognize the restricted area in the environment. The proposed framework is easy-scalable with respect to the number of agents, adaptable to environmental changes, and simple to implement.

Health effects of Low Emission Zones: Evidence from German hospitals

This paper studies the impact of Low Emission Zones, restricting the access of high-emission vehicles to inner-city areas, on hospitalizations. For identification, we exploit variation in the timing and the spatial distribution of the introduction of new Low Emission Zones across cities in Germany since 2008. We combine detailed geo-coded hospitalization data from the universe of German hospitals with the geographic coverage of Low Emission Zones over the period from 2006 to 2016. We find that Low Emission Zones reduce levels of air pollution in urban areas. These improvements in air quality translate into small but statistically significant population health benefits by lowering the share of diagnoses related to air pollution for hospitals located within a Low Emission Zone after it becomes effective. The results are mainly driven by reductions in circulatory and chronic lower respiratory diseases.

Assessing the biogeographical and socio-ecological representativeness of the ILTER site network

The challenges posed by climate and land use change are increasingly complex, with rising and accelerating impacts on the global environmental system. Novel environmental and ecosystem research needs to properly interpret system changes and derive management recommendations across scales. This largely depends on advances in the establishment of an internationally harmonised, long-term operating and representative infrastructure for environmental observation. This paper presents an analysis evaluating 743 formally accredited sites of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network in 47 countries with regard to their spatial distribution and related biogeographical and socio-ecological representativeness. “Representedness” values were computed from six global datasets. The analysis revealed a dense coverage of Northern temperate regions and anthropogenic zones most notably in the US, Europe and East Asia. Significant gaps are present in economically less developed and anthropogenically less impacted hot and barren regions like Northern and Central Africa and inner-continental parts of South America. These findings provide the arguments for our recommendations regarding the geographic expansion for the further development of the ILTER network.

Treatment of traumatic losses of substance in the foot

Treatment of traumatic loss of bone and tissue substance in the foot necessitates special consideration of the anatomy and physiology of the segment. The causes of foot trauma are multiple and in many cases violent, leading to progressive tissue deterioration that may require multi-phased debridement. The therapeutic objective is to reconstruct a functional foot permitting painless pushing off, walking and footwear use by restoring a stable bone framework, with resistant covering satisfactorily adjusted to the different zones of the foot. While coverage of the back of the foot must be fine, coverage of the plantar zones will be padded. The reconstructive surgeon shall be particularly attentive to plantar sensitivity. To take up the surgical challenge, it is of paramount importance to fully master a wide-ranging therapeutic arsenal ranging from conventional grafts to composite free flaps in view of proposing the solution most suited to the type, size and location of the loss of substance, all the while striving to generate as few sequelae as possible at the donor site. In order for reconstruction to be successful, multidisciplinary collaboration between plastic surgeons, orthopedists and physician is highly recommended.

Optimizing leaf sweeping and collection in the Argentine city of Trenque Lauquen.

A solution strategy based on integer linear programming models has been developed for leaf sweeping operations in the Argentine city of Trenque Lauquen. The aim is to achieve efficiency in the assignment of sweepers to city blocks, the identification of leaf bag deposit points and the routes to be followed by collection trucks for leaf bag pickup. Previous to this strategy, sweeper assignments were improvised and inefficient, with blocks often left unswept. Furthermore, no method was available for accurately determining the number of sweepers needed to ensure either full coverage of all city zones within the working day or a balanced work load distribution across all sweepers. Application of the solution strategy by the city has resulted in efficient definitions of sweeper requirements while optimizing sweeper assignments such that all blocks are covered. Once the strategy is fully implemented, the number of bag deposit points under the manual definitions should be reduced by roughly one-half and the total travel distance of the truck routes, modelled as an asymmetric travelling salesman problem, should be cut by 10-15% with the consequent savings in time, vehicle use and fuel consumption.

Improving the quality of maternal and newborn health outcomes through a clinical mentorship program in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: study protocol

BackgroundThe Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) boasts one of the highest rates of institutional deliveries in sub-Saharan Africa (80%), with eight out of every ten births also assisted by a skilled provider. However, the maternal and neonatal mortality are still among the highest in the world, which demonstrates the poor in-facility quality of maternal and newborn care. The objective of this ongoing project is to design, implement, and evaluate a clinical mentorship program in 72 health facilities in two rural provinces of Kwango and Kwilu, DRC.MethodsThis is an ongoing quasi-experimental study. In the 72 facilities, 48 facilities were assigned to the group where the clinical mentorship program is being implemented (intervention group), and 24 facilities were assigned to the group where the clinical mentorship program is not being implemented (control group). The groups were selected and assigned based on administrative criteria, taking into account the number of deliveries in each facility, the coverage of health zones, accessibility, and ease of implementation of a clinical mentorship program. The main activities are organizing and training a national team of mentors (including senior midwives, obstetricians, and pediatricians) in clinical mentoring, deploying them to mentor all health providers (mentees) performing maternal and newborn health (MNH) services, and providing in-service training in routine and Emergency Obstetrical and Newborn Care (EmONC) to the mentees in health facilities over an 18-month period. Baseline and endline assessments are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical mentorship program on the quality of MNH care and the effective coverage of key interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Findings will be disseminated nationwide and internationally, as scientific evidence is scarce. A national strategy, guidelines, and tools for clinical mentorship in MNH will be developed for replication in other provinces, thus benefitting the entire country.DiscussionThis is the largest project on clinical mentorship aimed to improving the quality of MNH care in Africa. This program is expected to generate one of the first pieces of scientific evidence on the effectiveness of a clinical mentorship program in MNH on a scientifically designed and sustainable model.

Food Security Status of Rural Households in Lay Gayint Woreda of South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is among the food insecure countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The problem is more common in Amhara region where nearly 50 % of the Woredas (districts) are found to be sufferers of food shortage. This food crisis is a key development challenge at the present time. Lay Gayint is one of these Woredas of the state suffering from recurrent food deficit. However, there are no detailed studies done using standard methods and measurements to determine food security situations of the people there. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to decide on the food security status of households living in rural parts of the Woreda by using a Core Food Security Module (CFSM). To achieve this objective, data were collected from 379 randomly selected households. A sampling procedure with two stages was used to select sample places and households. In the first stage, five Kebeles were selected proportional to areal coverage of each agro-ecological zones using probability sampling technique. In the next stage, 379 household heads were taken from each Kebele proportional to the size of each Kebele household population using systematic random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Core Food Security Module (CFSM) and descriptive statistics. The result revealed that about 85% of the surveyed sampled households were food insecure at different levels. Despite all the efforts exerted by the Ethiopian Government to ensure food security, too low achievement is being recorded. Since food security status is determined by complex factors, comprehensive interventions need to be implemented to enhance food production. Enhancing farmland productivity through integrated watershed management and better technology packages anchored with awareness creation and skill training is imperative. Moreover, strengthening access to and usage of rural credit by linking farmers to extension and family planning measures among others are important strategies to ensure food security. Keywords: Core Food Security Module, Food Security, Lay Gayint, Rural Households DOI : 10.7176/JAAS/57-03 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

A methodology for urban micro-scale coastal flood vulnerability and risk assessment and mapping

One of the most dangerous challenges to settlements in the UK comes from flooding. Currently, there is extensive map coverage of flood hazards zones in the UK; however, it is increasingly recognised that risk associated with natural hazards cannot be reduced solely by focussing on the hazard. There is also an urgent need for methods of evaluating and mapping flood vulnerability and risk in detail. Despite its significance, conventional flood risk assessment methodologies often underestimate likely levels of vulnerability in areas prone to hazards, yet it is the degree of vulnerability within a community that determines the consequences of any given hazard. The research presented proposes a general methodology to assess and map Coastal Flood Vulnerability and Risk at a detailed, micro-scale level. This captures aspects that are considered crucial and representative of reality (socio-economic, physical and resilient features). The methodology is then applied to a UK case study (city of Portsmouth). Environment Agency flood hazard data, National Census socio-economic data and Ordnance Survey topographic map data have been used to evaluate and map coastal flood vulnerability, examining neighbourhoods within census wards. This led to a subsequent analysis of Coastal Flood Risk, via the combination of a Coastal Flood Vulnerability Index and a Coastal Flood Hazard Index, for the Portsmouth ward Hilsea. This, consequently, identifies potential weaknesses that could lead to more effective targeting of interventions to improve resilience and reduce vulnerability in the long term and provides a basis for hazard and environmental managers/planners to generate comprehensive national/international vulnerability and risk assessments.

Finer SHM-Coverage of Inter-Plies and Bondings in Smart Composite by Dual Sinusoidal Placed Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors.

Designing of new generation offshore wind turbine blades is a great challenge as size of blades are getting larger (typically larger than 100 m). Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), which uses embedded Fiber Optics Sensors (FOSs), is incorporated in critical stressed zones such as trailing edges and spar webs. When FOS are embedded within composites, a ‘penny shape’ region of resin concentration is formed around the section of FOS. The size of so-formed defects are depending on diameter of the FOS. Penny shape defects depend of FOS diameter. Consequently, care must be given to embed in composites reliable sensors that are as small as possible. The way of FOS placement within composite plies is the second critical issue. Previous research work done in this field (1) investigated multiple linear FOS and sinusoidal FOS placement, as well. The authors pointed out that better structural coverage of the critical zones needs some new concepts. Therefore, further advancement is proposed in the current article with novel FOS placement (anti-phasic sinusoidal FOS placement), so as to cover more critical area and sense multi-directional strains, when the wind blade is in-use. The efficiency of the new positioning is proven by numerical and experimental study.

Association of preoperative spinal drain placement with spinal cord ischemia among patients undergoing thoracic and thoracoabdominal endovascular aortic repair

ObjectiveSpinal cord ischemia (SCI) is among the most devastating complications of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Spinal fluid drainage has been proposed as a viable means to reduce SCI, but few data exist to support its routine use. This study investigated the association of preoperative spinal fluid drainage with the risk of SCI after TEVAR. MethodsThe Vascular Quality Initiative TEVAR module was queried for adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing TEVAR (coverage of zones 0-5) between September 2014 and March 2018 (inclusive). Patients with preoperative spinal malperfusion, aortic rupture on presentation, and connective tissue disorders were excluded. One-to-one propensity matching was used to balance patients on 44 separate dimensions by the nearest neighbor principle to compare those with vs those without preoperative spinal drainage. The primary end point was SCI still present at the time of discharge. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and prolonged intensive care unit stay (>7 days). ResultsAmong 4287 patients who underwent TEVAR (mean age, 67.1 [standard deviation, 13.7] years; 1665 [38.8%] women and 2622 [61.2%] men), 2076 had a spinal drain placed. Propensity matching yielded 1292 pairs with adequate covariate balance (all 44 absolute standardized differences <0.1). In the 2584 propensity-matched patients, spinal drain placement was associated with a reduced risk of SCI (1.5% vs 2.5%; risk-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.89; P = .02). The rates of 30-day mortality (4.5% vs 5.0%; risk-adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44-1.01; P = .05) and prolonged intensive care unit stay (7.0% vs 5.7%; risk-adjusted OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.84-1.45; P = .48) did not differ on the basis of spinal drain placement. The crossover rate was 10% (127/1292), and those with postoperative drain placement had a 20% (26/127) SCI rate on discharge. ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing thoracic and thoracoabdominal endovascular aortic repair, preoperative placement of a spinal drain, compared with no drain, was associated with reduced risk of SCI. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage as a rescue measure does not provide the same protection offered by routine preoperative placement. Further investigation, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to more definitively determine the role for spinal drainage in TEVAR.

Low Emission Zones for Better Health: Evidence from German Hospitals

This paper studies health effects from restricting the access of high-emission vehicles to innercities by implementing Low Emission Zones. For identification, we exploit variation in the timing and the spatial distribution of the introduction of new Low Emission Zones across cities in Germany. We use detailed hospitalization data combined with geo-coded information on the coverage of Low Emission Zones. We find that Low Emission Zones significantly reduce levels of air pollution in urban areas and that these improvements in air quality translate into population health benefits. The number of diagnoses related to air pollution is significantly reduced for hospitals located within or in close proximity to a Low Emission Zone after it becomes effective. The results are mainly driven by reductions in chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

IDPpi: Protein-Protein Interaction Analyses of Human Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by the lack of a fixed tertiary structure and are involved in the regulation of key biological processes via binding to multiple protein partners. IDPs are malleable, adapting to structurally different partners, and this flexibility stems from features encoded in the primary structure. The assumption that universal sequence information will facilitate coverage of the sparse zones of the human interactome motivated us to explore the possibility of predicting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that involve IDPs based on sequence characteristics. We developed a method that relies on features of the interacting and non-interacting protein pairs and utilizes machine learning to classify and predict IDP PPIs. Consideration of both sequence determinants specific for conformational organizations and the multiplicity of IDP interactions in the training phase ensured a reliable approach that is superior to current state-of-the-art methods. By applying a strict evaluation procedure, we confirm that our method predicts interactions of the IDP of interest even on the proteome-scale. This service is provided as a web tool to expedite the discovery of new interactions and IDP functions with enhanced efficiency.

Satellite sensor requirements for monitoring essential biodiversity variables of coastal ecosystems.

The biodiversity and high productivity of coastal terrestrial and aquatic habitats are the foundation for important benefits to human societies around the world. These globally distributed habitats need frequent and broad systematic assessments, but field surveys only cover a small fraction of these areas. Satellite‐based sensors can repeatedly record the visible and near‐infrared reflectance spectra that contain the absorption, scattering, and fluorescence signatures of functional phytoplankton groups, colored dissolved matter, and particulate matter near the surface ocean, and of biologically structured habitats (floating and emergent vegetation, benthic habitats like coral, seagrass, and algae). These measures can be incorporated into Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs), including the distribution, abundance, and traits of groups of species populations, and used to evaluate habitat fragmentation. However, current and planned satellites are not designed to observe the EBVs that change rapidly with extreme tides, salinity, temperatures, storms, pollution, or physical habitat destruction over scales relevant to human activity. Making these observations requires a new generation of satellite sensors able to sample with these combined characteristics: (1) spatial resolution on the order of 30 to 100‐m pixels or smaller; (2) spectral resolution on the order of 5 nm in the visible and 10 nm in the short‐wave infrared spectrum (or at least two or more bands at 1,030, 1,240, 1,630, 2,125, and/or 2,260 nm) for atmospheric correction and aquatic and vegetation assessments; (3) radiometric quality with signal to noise ratios (SNR) above 800 (relative to signal levels typical of the open ocean), 14‐bit digitization, absolute radiometric calibration <2%, relative calibration of 0.2%, polarization sensitivity <1%, high radiometric stability and linearity, and operations designed to minimize sunglint; and (4) temporal resolution of hours to days. We refer to these combined specifications as H4 imaging. Enabling H4 imaging is vital for the conservation and management of global biodiversity and ecosystem services, including food provisioning and water security. An agile satellite in a 3‐d repeat low‐Earth orbit could sample 30‐km swath images of several hundred coastal habitats daily. Nine H4 satellites would provide weekly coverage of global coastal zones. Such satellite constellations are now feasible and are used in various applications.

A cooperative covering problem under disruption considering backup coverage

In this paper, we study the location of emergency centres considering cooperative and backup coverage while natural disasters occur which can result in facility disruption. In this regard, a reliable version of cooperative covering problem is presented considering two types of candidate sites, i.e., reliable and unreliable. To achieve a fortified system against disaster, reliable candidate sites are selected from areas which are far away from the disaster harms. Furthermore, backup coverage is considered to compensate unsatisfied coverage of the demand zones due to facility disruption. The performance of the model is investigated solving numerical examples with different approaches utilising commercial software. The results confirm accurate performance of the model. They also show that both facility failure and backup coverage considerations lead to a more efficient network by incurring some additional cost.

Environmental and socio-economic determinants associated with the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the northeast of Colombia.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease that is widely distributed in most tropical regions. Colombia has experienced an important increase in its incidence during the last decade. There are CL transmission foci in the Colombian departments of Santander and Norte de Santander. To identify environmental and socio-economic variables associated with CL incidence in the municipalities of the northeast of Colombia between 2007 and 2016. This was an ecological study of CL cases aggregated by municipality. The cases reported during the study period were analyzed with a negative binomial regression to obtain the adjusted incident rate ratio for environmental and socio-economic variables. During the study period, 10 924 cases of CL were reported, and 110 (86.6%) municipalities reported at least one CL case. The coverages of forest (aIRR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07), heterogeneous agricultural zones (aIRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06) and permanent crops (aIRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12) were associated with a higher incidence of CL. Conversely, urban functionality (aIRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.96), minimal-altitude above sea level (aIRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.90) and shrub coverage (aIRR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.0) were negatively associated with the incidence of CL in the municipality. Our results confirm the importance of environmental determinants, such as height above sea level, and coverage of forest, permanent crops and heterogeneous agricultural zones, for the occurrence of CL; these findings also suggest the importance of shrub coverage. Furthermore, urban functionality was a socio-economic determinant independently associated with CL incidence.