Coverage Of Hepatitis Research Articles

Analysis of Factors Affecting Coverage Immunization Hepatitis B in the Regionwork Panga Health Center Aceh Jaya District

<p><em><span>Immunization coverage in the Panga Publich Health Center only reaches 40.56%. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence the low coverage of Hepatitis B immunization. This research was a mix method research design explanatory research. The study was conducted at Panga Publich Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency from July to August 2022. The number of samples was 66 mothers who had toddlers obtained by purposive sampling. The number of informants is 11 people. Analysis of quantitative data was carried out by using univariate analysis test, bivariate analysis using Chi-square test and multivariate using logistic regression test. Qualitative data analysis using interactive analysis. The results of the quantitative research show that in the univariate analysis of 66 respondents, most of them aged 36-45 years (56.1%), high school education, (53.0%), having a job as self-employed (37.9%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, facilities, husband's support, support of health workers affected by the coverage of Hepatitis B immunization in the Panga public Health Center Work Area Aceh Jaya Regency. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the variable that had the most influence on the coverage of Hepatitis B immunization was the trust variable. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that most of the children in the Panga public Health Center Work AreaAceh Jaya Regency was not immunized against hepatitis B, the community believed that the raw material for hepatitis B immunization was not halal. Based on the results of this study, it was recommended that the results of this study be used as reading material and evidence based for students who are working on college assignments and final projects, especially those related to factors that affect immunization coverage.</span></em></p><p><em><span><strong><em><span lang="IN">Keywords: Factors, Hepatitis B, Immunization Coverage</span></em></strong></span></em></p><p><em><span><br /></span></em></p>

Coverage of Hepatitis B Birth Dose and Its Associated Factors In A Rural Community Of Northern India

Coverage of Hepatitis B Birth Dose and Its Associated Factors In A Rural Community Of Northern India

Cobertura vacinal infantil de hepatite A, tríplice viral e varicela: análise de tendência temporal em Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of vaccination coverage for hepatitis A, measles, mumps and rubella, and varicella in a Brazilian state from 2014 to 2020. Methods: An ecological, time-series study that considered data from 853 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais that compose the 14 regions of the state, these being the territorial units of analysis. Records of applied doses of hepatitis A, measles, mumps and rubella, and varicella vaccines registered in the Brazilian Immunization Information System were analyzed. Trends were estimated by Prais-Winsten regression and 95% confidence intervals of measures of variation were calculated. Results: Low vaccine coverage of hepatitis A, measles, mumps and rubella, and varicella was identified. Coverages above 95% were observed only in 2015 for the vaccine against hepatitis A (98.8%) and, in 2016, for varicella (98.4%). The measles, mumps and rubella vaccine showed coverage of less than 95% in all analyzed years. Decreases of 13.6 and 4.3% between the years 2019 and 2020 were identified for the measles, mumps and rubella, and hepatitis A vaccines, respectively. There was a decreasing trend in hepatitis A vaccination coverage in the South (p=0.041), East (p=0.030), and North (p=0.045) regions; and for the measles, mumps and rubella in Jequitinhonha Valley (p=0.002), East (p=0.004), and North (p=0.024) regions. Increasing coverage was observed only for varicella in eight regions of the state. Conclusions: The data point to heterogeneity in the temporal behavior of vaccination coverage in Minas Gerais. The downward trend in some regions causes concern about the possibility of resurgence of diseases, such as measles, which until then had been controlled.

Incomplete vaccination for conjugated meningococcal C and hepatitis B at municipal, state and federal level: 2015 a 2019

Brazil has the National Immunization Program for disease prevention that offers nineteen vaccines, yet it is known that vaccination coverage according to age is not always reached. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the vaccination coverage in the municipality of Sinop, in the Mato Grosso state and in the Brazil for meningococcal C conjugate vaccines and Hepatitis B in the period from 2015 to 2019. Method: This is a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study, with data available in the Information System of the National Immunization Program. Results: Vaccination coverage for mingococcal C in children under one year in Sinop was above the target in 2015 and 2018, Mato Grosso was above only in 2015, for the booster dose only Sinop was above the target in 2016. Coverage for hepatitis B in children under 30 days of life demonstrated that Sinop had coverage above the state of Mato Grosso, which in turn was above Brazil. For children under 1 year old, only in 2016 and 2019 the state presented greater vaccination coverage at the expense of Sinop and Brazil. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that there is hesitation on the part of the population regarding vaccination, being greater in vaccines such as meningococcal C. Strengthening childcare is the key to improving the panorama of vaccine coverage.

Knowledge and attitude of dental students toward hepatitis B virus and its vaccination - A cross-sectional study.

Objectives:To estimate the awareness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and coverage of hepatitis B vaccination among dental students enrolled in dental colleges located in Andhra Pradesh.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using a prestructured questionnaire to find out the awareness of HBV and coverage of hepatitis B vaccine among dental students.Results:A total of 2780 dental students were approached to participate in the study but only 2701 (97.1%) students (M = 900, F = 1801) gave response. Out of the total 2701 students, 79.45% were aware of HBV infection and only 51.50% of the participants received hepatitis B vaccine. 20.5% have come across HBV infected patients and 59.5% are unaware of postexposure protocol. Of all, 63.9%, 21.5% and 42% felt the mode of transmission is blood, sexual contact and oral fluids, respectively. 49.12% recommended for awareness programs on risks in HBV; 56.46% suggested mandatory Hepatitis B vaccination programs in dental colleges.Conclusions:Despite the availability and accessibility of a cost-effective hepatitis B vaccine, the vaccination coverage among dental students was low. Health education needs to be improved for all health care students especially for dental students.

The coverage of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in Nigeria: Does the place of delivery matter?

Hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in Nigeria. While evidence suggests that institutional delivery is associated with the uptake of HepB-BD vaccine, little is known about how the uptake differs by facility ownership (public or private). This study examined the HepB-BD vaccination coverage by place of delivery in Nigeria. This study is a secondary analysis of data on 6143 children aged 12-23 mo obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. We assessed the association between HepB-BD vaccination and the place of delivery using logistic regression models. About 53% of the children received the HepB-BD vaccine. Approximately 77, 83 and 33% of those delivered at a public health facility, private health facility and at home received the HepB-BD vaccine, respectively. After controlling for child- and maternal-level factors, the odds of receiving HepB-BD vaccine were significantly lower in children delivered at a private health facility (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.77, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.99) or at home (aOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.63). Wealth index and region of residence were significantly associated with the receipt of HepB-BD vaccination in all three places of delivery. Children are less likely to receive the HepB-BD vaccine if they are delivered at a private health facility or at home. There is a need for private health sector engagement for immunization service delivery and innovative community-based interventions to reach the children delivered at home.

Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers in rural Kerala

Background: Hepatitis B is one of the most important blood borne infection, the health care workers may acquire while providing care to the patients. The overall aim of this study was to estimate the Hepatitis B vaccine coverage and its determinants among health care workers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a rural tertiary care hospital in Palakkad district, of Kerala. We particularly looked for self-reported hepatitis B vaccination coverage and its determinants, using self-administered pretested questionnaire in 410 health workers. We calculated the proportions and looked for association between the various independent variables and dependent variables for vaccination coverage.Results: Out of 410 study participants, 119 (29%) of them were males and 291 (71%) of them were females. The mean age of the participant was 31.3 years and the range was between 19 to 70 years. 365 (89%) were vaccinated with atleast one dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine. Of these 306 (74.6%) had received all the 3 doses of vaccine, as per schedule. Gender and years of experience was not associated with the Hepatitis B vaccination status. However, variables like educational status, professional background was associated with hepatitis B vaccine coverage.Conclusions: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine was high. Among those with incomplete vaccination few of them were waiting for completing the vaccination schedule in near future. Good hospital policies like vaccinating the new medical students and new employees were the main factors responsible for high vaccination coverage among the health care workers in our study.

Knowledge, Vaccination Status, and Reasons for Avoiding Vaccinations against Hepatitis B in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccination remains low in developing countries to date. This systematic review thus analyzes the determinants of people’s knowledge and vaccination status as well as the reasons why people in developing countries chose not to receive the hepatitis B vaccination. (2) Methods: We searched four databases to identify all studies from developing countries published within the past 10 years. Both low-risk and high-risk populations aged older than 15 years old were eligible for the study. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessment. (3) Results: This study identified 2443 articles, 89 of which were included in the analysis. Monthly income, occupational status, and profession as a health-care worker were the strongest predictive factors for both knowledge of hepatitis B and vaccination status. In addition, strong predictor variables of hepatitis B knowledge were knowing an infected person and level of education, while health insurance, management’s protection at workplace, infection training, and experience of hepatitis B exposure were strong influencing factors for vaccine uptake. (4) Conclusions: Exposure to information, support from institutions, and financial support related to vaccination cost have a positive impact on the knowledge about hepatitis B infection and vaccination coverage.

Coverage of hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in Vietnam during 2014-2018

A cross-sectional study in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam (2014-2018) was conducted to describe the coverage of hepatitis B vaccine birth dose from 2014-2018 in Vietnam. The results showed that the coverage proportion of Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (hepB-BD) in Vietnam during 2014-2018 was 73.4%, of which the proportion of hepB-BD with in 24 hours and after 24 hours of births were 68.7% and 4.7%, respectively. There was diffirent between socio-economic areas (p<0.01). The proportions of hepB-BD in Mekong River Delta area and in Northern midlands and mountain area were highest (81.7%) and lowest (57.2%), respectively. The coverage proportion of hepB-BD in Vietnam during 2014-2018 was low, varied unevenly between years and regions/areas. Enhancing the coverage of hepB-BD, especially hepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours of births will be highly recommended.

Hepatitis B vaccination coverage across India: exploring the spatial heterogeneity and contextual determinants

BackgroundAlthough hepatitis B vaccinations have been integrated in the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in India over a decade, only half of the children are immunized against hepatitis B. The national average in hepatitis B vaccination conceals large variations across states, districts and socio-economic groups. In this context, the aim of this paper is to examine the spatial heterogeneity and contextual determinants of hepatitis B vaccination across the districts of India.MethodsUsing data of 199,899 children aged 12–59 months from the National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), 2015–16 we have examined the district level spatial distribution and clustering of hepatitis B vaccination with the help of Moran’s I and Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) measures. We investigated the low coverage of HBV vaccination using spatial autoregressive models (SAR) at the meso scale. And we applied multivariate binary logistic regression analysis to understand the micro-level predictors of hepatitis B vaccination.ResultsIn 2015–16, 45% of the children aged 12–59 months were not vaccinated against hepatitis B in India. The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine across the districts of India showed a highly significant spatial dependence (Moran’s I = 0.580). Bivariate Moran’s I confirmed the spatial clustering of hepatitis B vaccination with mother’s education, full antenatal care (ANC) utilization, post natal care (PNC) utilization, institutional births and registration of births at the district level. Districts with a very low coverage of HBV vaccine are clustered in the western, north-eastern regions and in some parts of central India. At the unit (child) level, children’s hepatitis B immunization status is mostly determined by the socio-economic and demographic characteristics like their mother’s educational status, caste, religion, household’s wealth condition, birth order, year of birth and the region they belong to.ConclusionsDistrict level variation in hepatitis B vaccination is spatially heterogeneous and clustered in India with a strong neighbourhood effect. Uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among Indian children is predominantly dependent upon their socio-economic and demographic characteristics.

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in different periods of vaccination in China, 2004-2015

Objective: Through analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and E and the situation of vaccination, to promote the recommendation profile on Hepatitis E vaccination program, in China. Methods: Three phases of time span were divided as 2004-2007, 2008-2011 and 2012-2015, with age groups divided as <20, 20-29, 30-39 and ≥40. Incidence rates in both different phases and age groups were compared. Numbers of Hepatitis A and E vaccines released and used, were described. Results: Between 2004 and 2015, a declining trend in the reported incidence of hepatitis A (t=-12.15, P<0.001), but an increasing trend in hepatitis E (t=6.63, P<0.001) were noticed. The mean number of hepatitis A cases declined from 6 515 to 1 986 between 2004 and 2007 while the number of hepatitis E cases increased from 1 491 to 2 277 between 2012 and 2015. The peaks of hepatitis E appeared persistent annually, in March. The incidence of hepatitis A declined in three regions, with the western region (3.46/100 000) much higher than the eastern (1.13/100 000) or central regions (1.14/100 000) (χ(2)=32 630, P<0.01). The incidence of hepatitis E increased both in the central (1.74/100 000) and western regions (1.58/100 000), but more in the eastern region (2.66/100 000) (χ(2)=6 009, P<0.01). Incidence of hepatitis A declined in all age groups and declined by 84.36% among the 0-19 group. However, the incidence of hepatitis E showed an increasing trend among the ≥20 group. Incidence rates appeared higher in the older age groups. The coverage of hepatitis A vaccine increased from 62.05% to 93.54%, but with a negative association seen between the coverage of Hepatitis A vaccine and the incidence (F=10.69, χ(2)<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of Hepatitis A declined sharply in China while hepatitis E was still increasing from 2004 to 2015, calling for the expansion on the coverage of Hepatitis E vaccine in the whole population.

Hepatitis A and B Vaccination Rates Among Patients With Chronic Liver Disease: A Phase 1 Quality Assessment Report

Introduction: According to the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, patients with chronic liver diseases are recommended vaccination against Hepatitis A and B unless already immune. To this end, the New York State Department of Health has outlined the Viral Hepatitis Strategic Plan 2016 - 2020 to ensure access and coverage for hepatitis A, B, and C. In phase 1 of this quality assessment/improvement project, we aim to investigate whether patients with chronic liver disease are receiving adequate hepatitis A and B vaccinations. Methods: A total of 4,000 patients were identified by retrospective chart review from January 2015 to January 2018 that satisfied our inclusion criteria; 200 of those patients were randomly selected as a sample population. Descriptive statistics was used to compare continuous and categorical variables. Results: Of the 200 patients randomly identified, 31% were males. The median age was 62±12 years. The majority (46%, n=92) of patients were treated for acute/chronic hepatitis C. 27.5% (n=56) were never screened for HAV or HBV infection, 0.5% (n=1) was screened for HAV only, and 5.5% (n=12) screened for HBV only. Out of those patients who were screened for both HAV and HBV (n=131), 80.1% (105/131) were already immune to HAV while 18.3% (24/131) patients were already immune to HBV. On sub-analysis, 10.7% (14/131) of patients were non-immune to both HAV and HBV, while 16% (21/131) were immune to both HAV and HBV. Additionally, 19.1% (25/131) of patients were immune to HAV but infected with HBV while 8.4% (11/131) patients were non-immune to HAV but infected with HBV. 1 patient was coinfected with HAV and HBV. Approximately 53% (105/200) of patients did not have adequate immunization status. For those patients who needed either the HAV or HBV vaccine, 34 patients were never offered vaccines, and 67 patients were offered vaccines but did not receive it. Only 16% (n=17/105) of patients who were screened and needed HAV, HBV, or both vaccines were given the vaccine (2= HAV only, 7= HBV, 8= both HAV & HBV), and of those patients, only 53% (9/17) were re-checked for immunity after the vaccine was administered. Conclusion: Phase 1 of our quality assessment has revealed that patients with chronic liver disease are not receiving adequate vaccination against HAV and HBV. Phase 2 will focus on implementing educational interventions aimed at increasing physician awareness of vaccination guidelines.

How far are we from viral hepatitis elimination service coverage targets?

IntroductionIn 2016, the Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) on viral hepatitis called for elimination of viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030 (i.e. 90% reduction in incidence and 65% in mortality). In 2017, WHO's first‐ever Global Hepatitis Report presented the baseline values for each of the core indicators of the strategy. We review the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in order to reach the 2030 service coverage targets.DiscussionThree‐dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccine in infancy reached 84% in 2015 (2030 target: 90%); however, only 39% received the timely birth dose (2030 target: 90%). Blood safety (97% of blood units screened with quality assurance, 2030 target: 100%) and injection safety (5% unsafe injections, 2030 target: 0%) had made substantial progress while harm reduction fell short (27 syringe and needle sets distributed per person who injects drugs per year, 2030 target: 300). Worldwide, 9% and 20% of the HBV‐ and HCV‐infected population respectively, were aware of their status (2030 targets: 90%). In the short term, to reach the 2020 target of diagnosing 50% of those infected, 107 million HBV infected persons and 15 million HCV infected persons should be urgently diagnosed. Overall, in 2015, less than 10% of known infected persons were on HBV treatment or had started HCV treatment (2030 targets: 80%).ConclusionsThe prevention component of elimination is on track with respect to hepatitis B vaccination, blood safety, and injection safety. However, coverage of the hepatitis B vaccine timely birth dose requires a substantial increase, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, and harm reduction needs to be taken to scale as injecting drug use accounts for a third of mortality from HCV infection. A promising but limited start in hepatitis testing and treatment needs to be followed by immediate and sustained action so that we reach the service coverage targets required to achieve elimination by 2030. Treating persons coinfected with HIV and hepatitis viruses is particularly urgent and needs to be promoted in the context of the HIV response.

Overview of the Immunization Situation in Albania

Vaccination coverage is one of the most important components which describe the immunization situation in a country. Now days more and more combined vaccines are being used which help the immunization programs to achieve high coverage for more than one antigen. Another reason for coverage improvement is the use of one or two-dose vials for the administration of DTP-HepB–Hib or MMR vaccine, enabling the vaccination of children at any time. In the last three years vaccination coverage with two doses of MMR and three doses of DTP containing vaccines is more than 95% or sometimes even 98% at national level. The coverage of Hepatitis B vaccine is also high due to its use on 5 in 1 combination. The use of one dose vials has played an important role on sustaining and increasing vaccination coverage. Another component affecting the immunization situation in the country is the influence of parental knowledge for vaccines and vaccination in Albania. Collected data through the use of a questionnaire showed that 6% of respondents have had fear and consequently refused vaccination of their children. While 92% of parents had the opinion that information about the health benefits or risks of vaccines would be absolutely useful and given to them prior to vaccination from health care workers. 72% of the subjects were concerned about the side-effects but this concern hasn’t stopped them to vaccinate their children. 35% of the interviewed mothers were still concerned that their child would contract a disease even though he/she had been already vaccinated.

Predictors of hepatitis B vaccination status in healthcare workers in Belgrade, Serbia, December 2015.

Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine since 1982, overall coverage of hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) has not reached a satisfactory level in many countries worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination, and to assess the predictors of hepatitis B vaccination status among HCWs in Serbia. Of 380 randomly selected HCWs, 352 (92.6%) were included in the study. The prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination acceptance was 66.2%. The exploratory factor analyses using the vaccination-refusal scale showed that items clustered under ‘threat of disease’ explained the highest proportion (30.4%) of variance among those declining vaccination. The factor analyses model of the potential reasons for receiving the hepatitis B vaccine showed that ‘social influence’ had the highest contribution (47.5%) in explaining variance among those vaccinated. In the multivariate adjusted model the following variables were independent predictors of hepatitis B vaccination status: occupation, duration of work experience, exposure to blood in the previous year, and total hepatitis B-related knowledge score. Our results highlight the need for well-planned national policies, possibly including mandatory hepatitis B immunisation, in the Serbian healthcare environment.

Low prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the healthcare workers despite low vaccination coverage for hepatitis B in Mumbai

&lt;p class="ABS"&gt;&lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Background&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Bold"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; The risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections through exposure to blood or its products and contact with other body fluids is high amongst health care workers (HCWs). Despite potential risks, a proportion of HCWs never get vaccinated. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination practices and the prevalence of HBV infection in HCWs. &lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Aims:&lt;/span&gt; To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV, their possible association with occupational and non-occupational risk factors. We also studied the prevalence of vaccination for hepatitis B in different subgroups of study population. &lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/span&gt; In this cross-sectional study, total 1347 hospital staffs were screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. HBV is detected by HBsAg testing, and HCV is detected by anti-HCV testing by ELISA method. Positive results were confirmed by HBV DNA testing (Qualitative) and HCV RNA testing (Qualitative). A questionnaire used to collect data from study participants was pre-designed by the authors. &lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt; Out of total 1347 hospital staffs screened, 6 (0.4%) were HBsAg-positive and 2 (0.1%) were anti-HCV-positive. Only 54% had a history of complete vaccination, and 0.3% had incomplete vaccination. Vaccination coverage was highest in residents (76.7%), medical students (68.9%), nursing (66.1%), and teachers (61.4%) and lowest in servants (5.4%), office staff (6.6%), and lab technicians (24.3%). Awareness about the risk factor for transmission of HBV and HCV and complication related to them was 77.7%. It was highest in teachers (93.9%) and residents (97.8%), lowest in servants (16.3%). No statistically significant difference in the exposure to various risk factors among those who are HBsAg or anti-HCV-positive and HBsAg or anti-HCV-negative. &lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/span&gt; The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is not high in hospital staff than general population. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was below expectation in all the subgroups even in resident doctors and teachers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

An Insight into the Immunization Coverage for Combined Vaccines in Albania

We aim to Provide facts about the vaccination coverage for combined vaccines such as MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) and DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) containing vaccines in use in Albania during the last 10 years, in order to confirm the stability of immunization program. One of the reasons for coverage improvement is the use of one or two-dose vials for the administration of MMR vaccine, enabling the vaccination of children at any time, without the need of gathering them on certain days when the multi-dose vaccine vials are opened. In the last three years, according to WHO recommendations, it was noted that vaccination coverage with three doses containing DTP is at sustainable levels, always above 95%, but for our country this value goes sometimes above 98%. As for the use of pentavalent vaccine, from 2008, DTP-HepB-Hib, also the coverage of Hepatitis b vaccine is always at upper levels due to its use on 5 in 1 combination. The application of this vaccine was associated with the use of one dose vial administration, therefore one vaccine to a child. Immunization coverage for vaccines with measles component remains at very high levels for both doses of vaccine, more then 95%. Immunization coverage for vaccines with DTP component exceeds 95% rate at country level, for each district it exceeds 95% and it reaches the value of 98.5% for the last two years. During the last years the vaccine coverage is increased significantly as a result of using combined vaccine of DTP-HepB -Hib. The use of one dose vials has played an important role on sustaininig and increasing vaccination coverage.

Vacunación contra Hepatitis B: un estudio de revisión

The precise knowledge of the hepatitis B vaccination coverage is a key element for the epidemiological surveillance and interruption of the infection transmission chain. The objective of that study is to analyze the accession and the vaccination status against hepatitis B in the general population. It is an integrative literature review. They sought for articles in databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL) - Nursing and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Articles published in Portuguese, available online in full text and published from 2005 to 2013. At the end, 17 of the selected articles to review were included. A low vaccination coverage ranging from 14% to 99% between the groups was found. The main factors related to non- accession to vaccination were: not to like needle, to be treated for HIV, low income, lack of knowledge about the vaccines, among others. We conclude that the immunization coverage for hepatitis B is below of the recommended by the Brazilian Department of Health. In this sense, it is suggested greater role of the Family Health Strategy, in the target population of the vaccine, especially schoolchildren, and increase in permanent education health professionals.

FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI BIDAN DALAM PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI HEPATITIS B PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANCUR BATU TAHUN 2015

Hepatitis B is a liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus (VHB), a family member of Hepadnavirus that can cause chronic liver inflammation and may progress to liver cirrhosis. The prevalence of hepatitis B in Indonesia is still high due to transmission of hepatitis B disease from mother to childbirth. Goals : The purpose of this research is to know the factors influencing the midwife in giving Hepatitis B immunization to newborn in Pancur Batu Puskesmas Working Area. Methods : The type of research is survey with cross sectional data measurement method. The population is all mothers in the working area of Pancur Batu Community Health Center September 2015 assisted by 102 midwives, the entire population is sampled. Data analysis was done by univariate test, Chi Square and multiple logistic regression. Result : The results showed that motivation (p = 0.046, 95% CI 1.016-5,882), ability (p = 0,019, 95% CI 1,195-7,034) and midwife perception (p = 0,044; 95% CI 1,025-5,949) influence immunization Hepatitis B. The most influential variable is the ability with the value Exp B = 2.899 means that midwives who have good ability have an opportunity to provide hepatitis B immunization 2,899 times greater than the midwife with poor ability. The low coverage of immunization is due to approximately 64.7% of mothers saying the midwife did not explain to the mother that all newborns should be given this hepatitis B immunization, 59.2% of mothers said they did not get an explanation from the midwife about the benefits of hepatitis B immunization in infants, and 59.8% of mothers said they did not know that the first hepatitis B immunization given to infants should not pass from seven days after the baby was born so they thought hepatitis B immunization could be given when the baby was more than 1 month old. Conclution : It is advisable to Pancur Batu Puskesmas to further increase the coverage of hepatitis B immunization by increasing the role of mothers to bring their children immunization, and conduct training for all health workers. Give awards for midwives to motivate themselves more in carrying out their duties.

The coverage of hepatitis A vaccine among 2-29 year olds and the reporting incidence of hepatitis A in China, 2014

To evaluate the hepatitis A vaccine coverage among 2-29 year olds and the reported incidence rates of hepatitis A, in China. Based on data from the national sero-survey on hepatitis B in 2014, information on hepatitis A vaccine immunization was collected and the coverage of hepatitis A vaccine was analyzed with SAS software (Version 9.4). Incidence data on hepatitis A was also collected from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System between 2004 and 2014, and analyzed using the micro-software Excel 2007. Totally, data involving 29 058 people aged 2-29 years were available for analysis and the overall hepatitis A vaccine coverage was 44.6%. The younger the age, the higher the coverage appeared. Among the 2-6 year and the 7-14 year olds, rates of hepatitis A vaccine coverage were 91.2% and 76.0% respectively. From 2004 to 2014, the incidence rates of hepatitis A in the whole population were declining, annually. The incidence rates showed continuously declining as 82.5%, 90.6%, 72.1% among children at the age groups of 2-6 years, 7-14 years and in the whole population, from 2007 to 2013. After the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine into the Expanded Programe on Immunization (EPI), the coverage of hepatitis A vaccine among the 2-6 year olds increased to over 90%, with no obvious difference between the urban and rural areas. Incidence of hepatitis A in the 2-6 year olds showed a more rapid decline than that in the whole population.