Course Of Respiratory Diseases Research Articles

Some Aspects Of Acute Bronchitis In Children

The article presents data on the structure of morbidity and features of the modern course of respiratory diseases in children of Andijan. The relevance, place among bronchopulmonary diseases, and features of the course of modern bronchitis in childhood are determined. A brief clinical description is given and the main approaches to the treatment of acute bronchitis are identified. Data from clinical experience with the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug fenspiride hydrochloride (Erespal) in children are presented. High anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, indirect mucoactive and antitussive effects of the drug in the complex treatment of bronchitis in children were noted

Features of the course and treatment of respirator y diseases in senior age

The article presents a generalization of the available information on the course of respiratory diseases in senior age, based on literary data and many years of personal experience of doctor Yuliya Ivanovna Korshikova, PhD Candidate in Medicine, in treating patients by means of herbal medicine.

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the frequency and course of recurrent respiratory diseases in children

Background. Recurrent and prolonged course of respiratory infections leads to the formation of chronic foci of inflammation, the persistence of viruses, impaired physical and psychomotor development, and a decrease in the child’s immunity. Given the participation of vitamin D (VD) in the regulation of the body’s immune response, the study of its role in the development and course of recurrent respiratory diseases in children remains re­levant. The purpose is to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the frequency and course of recurrent respiratory diseases in children. Materials and methods. We examined 52 children with recurrent respiratory infections aged 4 to 10 years. Children were examined before and after VD supplementation according to the study criteria: the average frequency of acute respiratory infection (ARI) episodes per year, the severity of the clinical manifestations of ARI episode, its average duration, the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions and outpatient visits to the doctor. Results. It was found that at the beginning of the exa­mination, the level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum ranged from 11.1 to 29.9 ng/ml, 22 (42.3 %) children had VD deficiency. An analysis of the frequency of ARI episodes per year showed that children with VD deficiency were ill more often than children with a sufficient level of VD (p < 0.001). According to the results of the study, it was found that VD supplementation contributes to a decrease in the frequency of ARI episodes from 8.7 ± 1.7 to 6.8 ± 1.2 times a year (p < 0.001), a decrease in the average number of symptoms of an episode of acute respiratory infections per year from 5.5 ± 0.5 to 4.5 ± 0.5 and their manifestations from 9.2 to 7.41 points (p < 0.001), a decrease in the duration of ARI episode from 6.0 ± 1.7 to 5.7 ± 1.5 days (p = 0.003), as well as a decrease in the number of outpatient visits from 5 to 4 (p = 0.004) and antibiotic prescriptions from 61 to 38 (p < 0.001). Conclusions. VD supplementation improves the course of respiratory diseases in children. The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles. The study protocol was adopted by the ethics committee of the institution indicated in the work. The informed consent of the children’s parents was obtained.

Periodontopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and Their Roles in the Progression of Respiratory Diseases.

The intricate interplay between oral microbiota and the human host extends beyond the confines of the oral cavity, profoundly impacting the general health status. Both periodontal diseases and respiratory diseases show high prevalence worldwide and have a marked influence on the quality of life for the patients. Accumulating studies are establishing a compelling association between periodontal diseases and respiratory diseases. Here, in this review, we specifically focus on the key periodontal pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and dissect their roles in the onset and course of respiratory diseases, mainly pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and asthma. The mechanistic underpinnings and molecular processes on how P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum contribute to the progression of related respiratory diseases are further summarized and analyzed, including: induction of mucus hypersecretion and chronic airway inflammation; cytotoxic effects to disrupt the morphology and function of respiratory epithelial cells; synergistic pathogenic effects with respiratory pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By delving into the complex relationship to periodontal diseases and periodontopathogens, this review helps unearth novel insights into the etiopathogenesis of respiratory diseases and inspires the development of potential therapeutic avenues and preventive strategies.

Influence of a combined interferon-alpha-containing drug on the course of respiratory diseases in frequently ill children

Introduction. Acute respiratory viral infections hold a dominant place in the infectious diseases pattern. There are many drugs that can affect separate arms of the immune response.Aim. To analyze the effectiveness of the systemic use of a combined drug containing interferon-α-2b and a complex immunoglobulin preparation in the treatment of respiratory diseases in frequently ill children.Material and methods. We examined 103 children aged 2-12 years. Upon admission, the children were treated with a combined drug containing interferon a-2b and a complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP) (Kipferon®) rectally. Children in the control group received standard therapy.Results. Children were admitted to the hospital in the first days of the disease (66.02%), mainly in the moderate form of the disease (96.12%). 81.55% had symptoms of intoxication, catarrhal phenomena and respiratory syndrome. Comparing the time from the onset of the disease when prescribing IFN-α-2b to children, their significantly significant differences were established. Introduction in the early stages of the disease contributes to a faster elimination of all symptoms: fever stopped on average (M ± SD) after 1.76 ± 0.33 and 2.05 ± 0.29 days, respectively, from the moment of admission to the hospital, which was on average 2 days less than in the control group. The transition to a productive cough in the main group occurred on average (M ± SD) after 3.25 ± 0.27 days, in the comparative group - after 5.23 ± 0.31, in the control group - after 8.19 ± 0.42 days. In patients of the main and comparative groups, the length of stay in the hospital was significantly shorter - on average (M ± SD) 8.04 ± 0.81 days than in the control group - 10.56 ± 1.42 days. Hematological parameters returned to normal at an earlier time.Discussion. Rectal route of recombinant IFNi-a2b delivery as suppositories is substantiated with regard to etiopathogenesis and immunology.Conclusion. The article presents the outcomes of the clinical use of Kipferon® as part of the combination therapy and prevention of complications of acute respiratory viral infections in children: reduced duration of intoxication, fever, faster improvement of the auscultatory status of the lungs, improvement of immune status indicators.

Interleukins in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma after pulmonary tuberculosis or pneumonia

The spread of respiratory diseases has become a topical issue of modern medicine. The prevalence of the diseases caused the rising rates of disability and mortality among people affected by respiratory diseases. The clinical course of respiratory diseases includes the disorders of general and local adaptive and protective mechanisms and cell-mediated connections. Objective — to determine the interleukin profile of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage for the verification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchial asthma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or pneumonia with bronchial obstruction syndrome. Materials and methods. 67 patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 33 patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma who were hospitalized in the Pulmonology Lviv Regional Diagnostic Center during 2015—2020, were examined. The patients were verified with a non-complicated tuberculosis without any destructive changes evident in the lungs (the first or third clinical category of patients), the community-acquired pneumonia with the bronchial obstruction syndrome. Pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory IL-4 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage were revealed during the lobar and tertiary bronchi fiber-optic bronchoscopy. Results and discussion. The interleukins misbalance was evident: the decrease in IL-1β and IL-2 and the increase in IL-6 and TNF-α by 4.5 times as compared to the unaffected donors was revealed in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The significant decrease in IL-4 was revealed pointing at the high probability of the severe and prolonged COPD and leading to frequent exacerbation and compilations of the disease. By contrast, the patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma showed higher IL-1β and IL-2 as compared to the unaffected patients; the level of IL-6 was higher as compared to the COPD patients, while TNF-α was lower. The patients with bronchial asthma showed higher IL-4 than the unaffected donors and the patients with COPD. Conclusions. The intensity of interleukins expression (especially pro-inflammatory) revealed the level of inflammation based on the acute-phase proteins in the proteolytic-antiproteolytic balance, which may be also used as the additional criteria for the differential diagnostics and justification for the treatment optimization.

Calcifediol for Use in Treatment of Respiratory Disease.

Calcifediol is the prohormone of the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES). It requires hydroxylation to move to 1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol, the active form that exerts its functions by activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that is expressed in many organs, including the lungs. Due to its rapid oral absorption and because it does not require first hepatic hydroxylation, it is a good option to replace the prevalent deficiency of vitamin D (25 hydroxyvitamin D; 25OHD), to which patients with respiratory pathologies are no strangers. Correcting 25OHD deficiency can decrease the risk of upper respiratory infections and thus improve asthma and COPD control. The same happens with other respiratory pathologies and, in particular, COVID-19. Calcifediol may be a good option for raising 25OHD serum levels quickly because the profile of inflammatory cytokines exhibited by patients with inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as asthma, COPD or COVID-19, can increase the degradation of the active metabolites of the VDES. The aim of this narrative revision is to report the current evidence on the role of calcifediol in main respiratory diseases. In conclusion, good 25OHD status may have beneficial effects on the clinical course of respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. This hypothesis should be confirmed in large, randomized trials. Otherwise, a rapid correction of 25(OH)D deficiency can be useful for patients with respiratory disease.

МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СТАРЕНИЯ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ ТЕЧЕНИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ В ПОЖИЛОМ И СТАРЧЕСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

Aim. Based on an analysis of the medical literature, describe the key features of age-related organic and functional changes that potentially affect the course and therapy of respiratory diseases in elderly and senile people. Material and methods. A review of publications in the scientific and methodological literature on the problems of physiological and pathological aging, the epidemiology of somatic pathology and the peculiarities of its clinical manifestations and outcomes in the age aspect, including the relationship with the course of non-infectious and infectious respiratory diseases in elderly and senile people, is carried out. Results and discussion. The article provides relevant data on morbidity and mortality from respiratory pathology in old and senile age. A description is given of the mechanisms of aging of organs and systems, changes in the regulation of their functions, including changes in immunoreactivity from the standpoint of influence on the occurrence and course of respiratory diseases. Conclusion. When managing elderly and senile patients, it is necessary to take into account the age-related characteristics of the aging organism, the existing comorbid pathology and its therapy, take a differentiated approach to the assessment of the clinic, taking into account the direct signs of age-associated symptoms and manifestations of the «pharmacological cascade».

Genetic testing of allelic variants of PIZ (GLU342Lys, RS28929474) and PIS (GLU264Val, RS17580) of SERPINA1 gene in children with bronchial asthma

According to world publications, mutations in the SERPINA1 gene may be a genetic risk factor for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and, consequently, rapid progression of respiratory dysfunction. This disease leads to a decrease in the level of alpha-1-antitrypsin protein. It is inherited by autosomal recessive type, but there are registered cases of codominance. In the absence of treatment, diseases of the respiratory system become chronic and lead to disability in adulthood.
 Early diagnosis of AAT deficiency is important to prevent complications and reduce mortality among people with this pathology. Due to these factors, genetic testing of SERPINA1 gene mutations in children with chronic lung diseases is appropriate to detect and prevent severe complications, associated with AATD.
 The aim of this work is to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis of AAT deficiency in children with bronchial asthma and recurrent obstructive bronchitis by identifying different genotypes and phenotypes of A1AT deficiency, studying their relationship with the clinical course of respiratory diseases in children

Влияние первой волны пандемии COVID-19 на экосистему Европы

The results of analytical studies are presented, which show that restrictive measures for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation speed and the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the territory of Western Europe and the Russian Federation have led to a significant reduction of anthropogenic load on the natural environment and a considerable improvement of environmental conditions for the main types of contaminants. At the same time there is a dramatic growth of total ozone in the troposphere during the period of restrictions almost for all studied territories. It is revealed that after finishing the restrictive measures the level of air contamination reached its initial point: by September in Western Europe and by October in the European part of Russia. The calculations demonstrated that poor air quality aggravates the consequences of COVID-19, and a significant contribution is made by the PM2.5 concentration of fine solid particles, which can penetrate deeper into the human lungs and exacerbate the course of respiratory diseases. Keywords: COVID-19, ecology, tropospheric conditions, satellite information, morbidity level and air quality

Влияние первой волны пандемии COVID-19 на экосистему Европы

Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2021, no. 4 (382), pp. 112-133. The results of analytical studies are presented, which show that restrictive measures for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation speed and the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the territory of Western Europe and the Russian Federation have led to a significant reduction of anthropogenic load on the natural environment and a considerable improvement of environmental conditions for the main types of contaminants. At the same time there is a dramatic growth of total ozone in the troposphere during the period of restrictions almost for all studied territories. It is revealed that after finishing the restrictive measures the level of air contamination reached its initial point: by September in Western Europe and by October in the European part of Russia. The calculations demonstrated that poor air quality aggravates the consequences of COVID-19, and a significant contribution is made by the PM2.5 concentration of fine solid particles, which can penetrate deeper into the human lungs and exacerbate the course of respiratory diseases. Keywords: COVID-19, ecology, tropospheric conditions, satellite information, morbidity level and air quality

Недиференційована дисплазія сполучної тканини й респіраторні захворювання в дітей та підлітків (огляд літератури)

Дисплазія сполучної тканини — дуже поширене генетично детерміноване порушення розвитку цієї тканини в процесі внутрішньоутробного й постнатального онтогенезу, яке характеризується дефектами її волокнистих структур і основної речовини, що призводить до розладів гомеостазу на рівні тканин, органів та організму в цілому. Ці розлади виявляються у вигляді різних зовнішніх, вісцеральних та локомоторних порушень із прогредієнтним перебігом. Наявність сполучнотканинної дисплазії суттєво впливає на особливості перебігу асоційованих з ними захворювань, а також на фармакокінетику та фармакодинаміку лікарських засобів, що використовуються для їх лікування. На сьогодні розрізняють диференційовані (класифіковані, моногенні) і недиференційовані (некласифіковані, мультифакторні) форми дисплазії сполучної тканини. Водночас захворювання органів дихання в дітей та підлітків залишаються актуальною медико-соціальною проблемою, що пов’язано з їх високою частотою, складністю діагностики, ризиком формування хронічної респіраторної патології. Тому цілком обґрунтованими видаються наукові дослідження механізмів та ступеня впливу системної сполучнотканинної дисплазії на розвиток та перебіг респіраторних захворювань. Згідно з літературними джерелами, набуті захворювання дихальної системи в дітей і підлітків на тлі недиференційованої дисплазії сполучної тканини мають суттєво тяжчі й триваліші клінічні ознаки, а ефективністю традиційного лікування в них послаблена. Вони схильні до атипового й рецидивуючого перебігу, а також до більш частого розвитку тяжких ускладнень. Проте спрямованість такого впливу в процесі розвитку дитини залишається значною мірою невизначеною. Слід зазначити, що більшість наукових досліджень, присвячених поєднанню дисплазії сполучної тканини й захворювань респіраторної системи, було проведено серед дітей шкільного віку та підлітків. У зв’язку з цим завчасне прогнозування формування дисплазії сполучної тканини в дітей, ще в період новонародженості та ранньому віці, коли її зовнішні прояви є нечастими й невираженими, видається досить перспективним. Виявлення системної дисплазії сполучної тканини саме на ранніх етапах постнатального онтогенезу може бути підставою для своєчасного й цілеспрямованого проведення певних профілактичних заходів.

Relation between Level of Some Immunological Markers and Liver Functions with Respiratory Bacterial Infection in Sheep

Sheep pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of the studyreport to determine Interleukine-6,IL-10,and liver function test , and kidney function test of sheep sufferingfrom respiratory disease. Blood samples were collected from the diseased and healthy sheep during fieldstudy, for biochemical analysis. The results of 50 diseased animals were compared with results of 50 healthyanimals.Data of selected biochemical parameters implicated a significant increase in Interleukin-6, alanineaminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and Gamma glutamyltransferase in the diseased groupcompared to the healthy sheep’s. On the other hand, a significant decrease was seen in the levels of IL-10, lactate dehydrogenase and total protein in the diseased group compared to the control. The results ofthis study could conclude that respiratory infections in sheep were associated with significant biochemicaland immunological alterations which upon understanding can provide us with rapid diagnostic tools forpneumonia process in sheep and thus lead to better management and proper treatment.Future research iswarranted to determine the response of individual animals to this disease and to describe the metabolicchanges which occur during the course of respiratory diseases.

MARKERS FOR PREDICTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL CONDITION IN CHILDREN WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASES UNDER INTENSIVE THERAPY

Introduction. The clinical course of respiratory diseases is often accompanied with the impairment of the nervous system, it makes up a large proportion in the clinical picture of diseases, and often leads to long-term adverse effects. The purpose of the study is to elaborate the diagnostic algorithm for predicting the course of diseases in children with respiratory pathology during the intensive care based on the thorough study of clinical and anamnestic predictors. Subjects and methodology. The study included 132 children aged from 1 day to 1 year with various pathologies during intensive care. The children were divided into 6 groups: I group included 87 patients with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), pneumonia; II group included 21 children with ARVI, stenosis of II-III degree, III group involved 10 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. There was a group of children supported with artificial lung ventilation (14), who make up IV group; 20 children died. The control group consisted of 25 healthy children aged under 1 year old. We carried out clinical, bacteriological, immunological examination and statistical processing of findings obtained. Results. When assessing the cases of the clinical course in children up to 1 year, who needed intensive care to mitigate the symptoms of acute respiratory failure of II-III degree, we have found out that except of aggravating factors in the ante-, intra- and postnatal period, there are the number of pathological change detected by neurosonography, which are of unfavourable predictive value: 29.5% of children had subependymal haemorrhages; 10.3%, of children had intraventricular haemorrhages, 9% of children had periventricular haemorrhages. Infants with acute respiratory failure III degree who needed artificial lung ventilation (50% of them were premature) were born to mothers with a pathologic pregnancy and childbirth. Among children who were in the intensive care unit, the general mortality was 15.2%. The causes of death of newborns included asphyxia (80%), respiratory disorder syndrome III degree (10%), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (10%). In the long-term period, the main cause of death was pneumonia, complicated by acute respiratory failure III degree, brain oedema. Conclusion. Applying of the markers to prevent and reverse the development of infants’ critical condition promotes to the reduction of morbidity, disability and mortality of children.

The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks.

The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut–lung axis (GLA). Compared to the better-studied gut microbiota, the lung microbiota, only considered in recent years, represents a more discreet part of the whole microbiota associated to human hosts. While the vast majority of studies focused on the bacterial component of the microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions, recent works have highlighted the contribution of fungal and viral kingdoms at both digestive and respiratory levels. Moreover, growing evidence indicates the key role of inter-kingdom crosstalks in maintaining host homeostasis and in disease evolution. In fact, the recently emerged GLA concept involves host–microbe as well as microbe–microbe interactions, based both on localized and long-reaching effects. GLA can shape immune responses and interfere with the course of respiratory diseases. In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. Due to the limited knowledge on the human virobiota, we focused on gut and lung bacteriobiota and mycobiota, with a specific attention on inter-kingdom microbial crosstalks which are able to shape local or long-reached host responses within the GLA.

Nosologic independence of pediatric protracted bacterial bronchitis in real clinical practice: single-stage continuous cross-sectional study

Aim. To study the clinical and paraclinical features of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), stated according to clinical definition of disease in children with relapsing course of respiratory diseases and a symptom of wet cough for more than 4 weeks.
 Materials and methods. The study included 68 children with relapsing course of respiratory diseases, who have a symptom of wet cough for more than 4 weeks. Group 1 enclosed 30 (44 %) children, who corresponded to clinical definition of PBB. Group 2 38 (56 %) children without PBB manifestations.
 Results. Bronchial asthma (46.6%, p 0.05), degree 2-3 tracheobronchomalacia (30 %, p 0.05) were more common in the group of children with clinical PBB. No any allergic pathology was observed in 13 (44.8 %) children with PBB. Among the main clinical features of PBB there were observed the following: the presence of night cough (73.3 %, p 0.05), fine moist rales in the lungs (76.6 %), bronchoscopically the presence of diffuse catarrhal-purulent endobronchitis (86.6 %).
 Conclusions. Physicians should bear in mind one of the most frequent causes of protracted wet cough (more than 4 weeks), namely, PBB. When suspecting PBB, a patient should be sent to pulmonologist, undergo bronchoscopy and BAL by indications so as to assess microbial landscape in children with protracted productive cough and rales for a timely diagnosis of PBB and administration of antibacterial therapy.

The role of adipokines in the pathogenesis and course of selected respiratory diseases.

Adipose tissue is also a secretory organ producing active substances called adipokines. Some of them (apelin, resistin, adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, or visfatin) may play a role in the pathogenesis and course of respiratory diseases, e.g. COPD, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, or lung cancer. There are limited and conflicting data on the role of adipokines in asthma. It has been confirmed, however, that visfatin and leptin can be markers of inflammation in COPD. Elevated concentrations of leptin and resistin play a pro-inflammatory role in the development of cancer cachexia. The role of adipokines has also been demonstrated in pulmonary hypertension, and the apelinadiponectin axis disruption may exacerbate pulmonary hypertension.

Prevotella intermedia and periodontitis are associated with severe asthma.

Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of multibacterial etiology that affects the protective and supporting tissues surrounding teeth, can influence the course of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, due to epithelial alterations arising from inflammatory and immunological processes, bronchial remodeling, or by the aspiration of pathogenic colonizers found in periodontal pockets. This study evaluated the levels of periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with and without severe asthma. A case-control study enrolling 457 individuals (220 with asthma and 237 without asthma) was conducted at the Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR) Clinic located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle habits. A clinical periodontal assessment was performed, including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Subgingival biofilm was collected at the deepest site of each sextant, and bacterial DNA was extracted. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to detect and relatively quantify periodontopathogens in the biofilm. Statistically significant positive associations were found between periodontitis and severe asthma, (odds ratio [OR]adjusted] : 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26 to 7.10). High levels of P. intermedia were found in association with the presence of severe asthma (ORadjusted : 2.64; 95% CI: 1.62 to 4.39; P<0.01). The present results suggest that periodontitis and P. intermedia are associated with severe asthma. However, the functional consequences of this dysbiosis upon asthma susceptibility and its phenotypes remain unclear.

Spirometry reference equations for an adult Middle Eastern population

ABSTRACTBackground: Spirometric reference values are crucial in screening, diagnosis and monitoring the therapeutic course of respiratory diseases. These values from a representative population are key to making a precise interpretation of respiratory diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the spirometric reference values of a healthy Jordanian population.Method: Participants were recruited from Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan and from several pharmacies, polyclinics and hospitals in different cities in Jordan. To formulate Jordanian-specific spirometric reference values, generalised additive models for location scale and shape (GAMLSS) were used.Results: Spirometric reference values were derived from 1,949 healthy nonsmoking adults (1,061 females) and validated in 300 healthy nonsmoking subjects (150 females).Conclusion: Spirometric reference values were developed for a Middle Eastern adult population.

ЧАСТОТА ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ БАКТЕРИЙ MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS У ДЕТЕЙ С РЕКУРРЕНТНЫМ ТЕЧЕНИЕМ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ Г. ХАБАРОВСКА В 2016-2017 ГОДАХ

The aim of the study was to evaluate the Moraxella catarrhalis nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence in children of different age groups with a recurrent course of respiratory diseases and perform a comparative analysis of bacterial carriage levels as well as peculiarities of within-year distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage in 2016-2017 years. Bacteriological assessment was performed for 1769 children aged 0 to 14 years old including 1082 children examined in 2016 and 687 children examined in 2017. During the two years of observation the average level of M. catarrhalis carriage for the entire study group was equal to 11.5±0.76%. Nasopharyngeal carriage was detected in children of all age groups with the lowest index in children of 7-14 years (4.1±1.03%) and highest levels of bacterial carriage in children of 2-6 years old (13.8±0.98%). Similarities in distribution of M. catarrhalis nasopharyngeal carriage levels in susceptible age groups were detected during 2016 and 2017 years. The analysis of M. catarrhalis carriage levels dynamics revealed within-year undulation of the index – low levels were detected in February and July and high levels in October and November. The research revealed statistically significant and profound concordance of within-year distribution of M. catarrhalis carriage levels in children during 2016 and 2017 years.