Listeriosis has drawn the attention of doctors and scientists for many years as methods for typing the pathogen (Listeria monocytogenes), diagnosing and preventing the disease are being improved, and the emergence of new foci is being monitored. However, despite the improvement of diagnostic tools, clinicians still face difficulties in identifying listeriosis, partly due to the lack of awareness of this disease among noncore doctors, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors describe a 54-year-old woman with severe neurolisteriosis (Listeria meningoencephalitis) after severe COVID-19 infection treated with immunosuppressants (steroids and biological agents). examination for listeriosis is reasonable in patients with an atypical course of bacterial meningitis, untypical abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid, and immunocompromised patients who receive immunosuppressants or comorbid patients. This case report highlights the importance of listeriosis awareness for the differential diagnosis of meningitis and meningoencephalitis of various etiologies. KEYWORDS: listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes, differential diagnosis, bacterial meningitis, neurolisteriosis, listeriosis meningoencephalitis, COVID-19, immunosuppressive therapy. FOR CITATION: Tagirova Z.G., Nagibina M.V., Makashova V.V., Ponezheva Zh.B., Shabalina S.V., Mitrikova L.Ts. Listeria meningoenceph - alitis: specifics of its course and diagnosis (case report). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(11):766–770 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587- 6821-2023-7-11-9.