Countries Young People Research Articles

Electronic nicotine delivery system: a narrative review on growing threat to tobacco control and health of the young Indian population.

The electronic cigarette (EC) was developed as an alternative to cigarette smoking. In less than a decade, theprevalence of past-month EC usage increased from 1.5to27.5 % among US high-school students. In the coming years, Asia-Pacific countries will have the highest sales ofelectronic nicotine/non-nicotine delivery systems (ENDS/ENNDS) after Western Europe. Based on the World Health Organization and Indian Council of Medical Research recommendations, India approved a complete ban on EC in2019. Even though it has been three years since the ban, ECis still being sold in India's grey markets, where marketing is not regulated. In this narrative review, we discuss that vaping is not just a harm reduction strategy for tobacco smoking cessation but poses a serious threat toIndia's existing tobacco control efforts as well as the health of the country's young people.

Youth as Agents of Change in India's Development

Although "youth" can refer to any time in a person's life when they are young, it is most usually used to refer to the time between childhood and maturity. There are many diverse interpretations of what ages are considered to be among the young. Newness, wrath, vitality, sport, and energy are all usually associated with the concept of youth. We are still building our sense of self while we are young. A young person's concept of self is frequently moulded by a variety of influences, including their peers, way of life, gender, political system, and culture. It is the period of a person's life when they make decisions that will affect not just their personal future but also the future of their country, either directly or indirectly. If a country's young people are self-aware and capable of taking responsibility for their actions, they have the power to affect major change in their country. The youth of a country are its most significant asset and source of strength. Young people who are given more power frequently prove to be the single most crucial component in their countries' prosperity and development. Young people have the ability to make important contributions in any field; as long as they are focused on doing their very best, nothing will be able to stop them from succeeding. Any nation's or cultures potential vitality can be discovered in its youth. They are a nation's pride as well as its powerhouse, capable of storing a limitless amount of energy and generating an infinite amount of energy. The study's goal is to draw attention to the critical role that young people in India can play in bringing about positive change across the country.

Youth as Agents of Change in India's Development

Although "youth" can refer to any time in a person's life when they are young, it is most usually used to refer to the time between childhood and maturity. There are many diverse interpretations of what ages are considered to be among the young. Newness, wrath, vitality, sport, and energy are all usually associated with the concept of youth. We are still building our sense of self while we are young. A young person's concept of self is frequently moulded by a variety of influences, including their peers, way of life, gender, political system, and culture. It is the period of a person's life when they make decisions that will affect not just their personal future but also the future of their country, either directly or indirectly. If a country's young people are self-aware and capable of taking responsibility for their actions, they have the power to affect major change in their country. The youth of a country are its most significant asset and source of strength. Young people who are given more power frequently prove to be the single most crucial component in their countries' prosperity and development. Young people have the ability to make important contributions in any field; as long as they are focused on doing their very best, nothing will be able to stop them from succeeding. Any nation's or cultures potential vitality can be discovered in its youth. They are a nation's pride as well as its powerhouse, capable of storing a limitless amount of energy and generating an infinite amount of energy. The study's goal is to draw attention to the critical role that young people in India can play in bringing about positive change across the country.

KURULUŞUNDAN BUGÜNE GENÇLİK HİZMETLERİ GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNÜN SUNMUŞ OLDUĞU REKREATİF HİZMETLERİN İNCELENMESİ

The General Directorate of Youth Services is one of the major public institutions offering recreational services to the youth of our country. The aim of this study to analyze the recreational activities which are carried out in line with the duties undertaken to provide youth services in our country, of General Directorate of Youth Services, which was established as a service unit under the roof of the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and to evaluate the current situation in this context. The research is a traditional compilation qualitative research conducted through literature review. Document analysis was used as data collection method in the research. The services provided by the General Directorate of Youth Services since the establishment year of 2011 have been analyzed with descriptive analysis method according to six main titles which have recreational purposes among nine main titles. As a result, it is observed that institution has generally fulfilled its responsibilities when the General Directorate of Youth Service’s recreational activities which are carried out in line with the tasks undertaken to provide youth services in our country were examined. It can be said that services are served to wide range of our country's young people with recreational activities which are carried out in different purposes and under the supervision of diversity and for this purpose it can be also said that the recreational needs of our youth are met in many fields such as sports, arts, culture, technology and communication without being bound to a single alternative.

Flexibility and Individualisation: A Comparison of Transitions into Employment in England and Germany

In virtually all advanced capitalist industrial societies, transitions from compulsory education into employment have been prolonged since the 1970s. The basic reasons are the same everywhere, but there have been contrasting interpretations of youth's new social condition by different countries' social scientists. Here a particularly sharp contrast is between Britain and Germany. In the former country most researchers have taken a negative view of the trends, whereas German scholars have stressed the spread of flexibility, individualisation, and opportunities for self-directed growth. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between transitions into employment in Britain and Germany using evidence from matched samples of 16-22 year olds. It is argued that there are fundamental, systemic differences between the organisation of entering the labour forces in Britain and Germany. In Germany transitions take longer, are more structured, and are rooted in a training culture. However, each country's young people are made to feel that they themselves make significant choices, and their transitions have become individualised. Simultaneously, individuals' opportunities in each country continue to be governed by the familiar predictors - family background, sex, place of residence, and attainments in secondary education. It is argued that in each country young people are prototypical cases of broader trends towards structured individualisation and the fragmentation of formerly more homogeneous social groups.

Managing for Success: A Comparison of the Private and Public Sectors

Declining productivity in the United States has become a persistent concern of economic and business analysts over the past five years, and, as the decline continues so does the search for solutions. Theories on the reasons behind the decline cover a broad spectrum of both myth and reality that range from the antiquity of the American manufacturing plant to the collapse of the work ethic among our country's young people. Dozens of organizations have attempted to solve their productivity problems by application of various innovative management techniques that have recently achieved prominence. Foremost among these have been initiatives associated with the so-called Japanese style of management, and particularly practices that are intended to foster greater worker involvement in the organization. Numerous publications have reported on successful adoptions of the Japanese management style or other innovative techniques to transform poorly performing organizations into productive, profitable ones. More recently, however, accounts are emerging which detail the plight of organizations in which attempts at productivity improvement have failed. This has been especially true with respect to the increasingly popular quality control circle concept. What has apparently occurred in many of these situations is that basically unhealthy organizations have looked to the piecemeal adoption of certain management techniques as a cure for all or too many of their ills. A real danger exists that the management styles that have recently come into vogue may be seen as a panacea for deep-rooted organizational problems. The adoption of pre-packaged productivity improvement plans by basically unhealthy organizations might succeed in some cases. In many instances, however, this may simply divert attention from the fundamental management practices that have enabled some organizations to remain healthy and successful throughout the vacillations in the American productivity cycle. A study of ten highly successful organizations, five in the public sector, and five in the private sector, reveals certain interesting principles and practices of management.' Some of these organizations embody the new, Japanese-style or Theory Z management techniques; others are experimenting with selected devices, such as quality circles; still others have no formal productivity improvement programs at all.2 Each is well-managed and highly productive, and each has a great deal to offer in improving our understanding of how both private and public organizations can be successful and productive.

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

IN 1909 President Theodore Roosevelt personally wrote 200 notes in longhand inviting representative American citizens to attend a conference at the White House. His serious and far-reaching purpose was to assess and plan for the well-being of the country's young people. With this first presidential meeting on children and youth, a White House precedent was set, and, once in every decade since, a similar conference has been held. These "periodic examinations," so to speak, of the nation's young, have been distinguished over the years for major outcomes in the welfare of children and youth. Last year, as you know, marked the Golden Anniversary of White House Conferences on Children and Youth. In contrast to the small group which convened in 1909, some 7,000 citizens assembled in Washington about a year ago. Among them were numerous pediatricians from various parts of the country whose leadership was clearly evident at the conference sessions. Their contributions to the discussions were aided by the preparation for this meeting that had been encouraged by the Academy's Ad Hoc Committee on the White House Conference under the leadership of Stewart Clifford. Unquestionably this 1960 Conference brought into focus the extraordinary progress that has been made in improving the health of children during the last 50 years in this country. Remarkably large reductions have been effected in the mortality at younger ages. The death rate for infants under 1 year of age decreased 78% between 1910 and 1956—from 132.2 to 29.6 per 1,000. Even more rapid has been the downward trend in mortality among children past infancy. At the preschool ages, 1 through 4 years, the death rate dropped from 14.0 to 1.1 per 1,000, or 92%. The relative decrease was almost as large at ages 5 through 9; even at ages 15 through 19 the mortality was reduced nearly 75%. According to the mortality prevailing at the time of the first White House Conference, newborn children had 50 years of life ahead of them; at present the figure is nearly 70 years. However, progress made in advancing the health of American youngsters should not divert attention from the many problems in health and welfare that still exist. Fetal and neonatal wastage, accidents, diseases of the heart and respiratory system, orthopedic conditions, and visual and hearing impairments are some of the problems that concern pediatricians. Along with these is the ever-present, but less tangible, need to improve our understanding of the basic principles of children's physical, mental and emotional growth and development.

The flowery kingdom

to this country's young people. It was found that there are books from picture books up through the grades. Information is to be found upon all phases of Chinese life as well as descriptions of the climate, the Great Wall and a typical town. Children can read of the way the Chinese children live, how they comb their hair, what their clothes are like and the kinds of houses they live in. There is a picture drawn of the gardens, the plants and animals peculiar to that country. Laborers, peddlers, shopkeepers, news reporters, fishermen, watercarriers, and beggars pass before the fascinated eyes of the child. Holidays, games, toys and festivals come to life in the pages of these books. The list is arranged alphabetically by author. The approximate grade level is given in figures at the right of each title.