Well-being Of Country Research Articles

Perceived economic inequality inhibits pro-environmental engagement.

We currently inhabit an era marked by increasing economic inequality. This paper delves into the repercussions of perceived economic inequality on individual-level pro-environmental engagement and puts forth an explanatory mechanism. Across three empirical studies encompassing an archival investigation employing a nationally representative data set (Study 1), an online survey (Study 2) and an in-lab experiment (Study 3), we consistently unearth the inhibiting effect of perceived economic inequality on individuals' pro-environmental involvement, whether assessed through pro-environmental intentions or behaviours. Furthermore, our findings reveal that individuals' identification with their country elucidates these results. Specifically, perceived economic inequality diminishes individuals' national identification, encompassing their concern for the country's well-being and their sense of shared destiny with fellow citizens, thereby curbing their pro-environmental engagement. Additionally, we conduct a single-paper meta-analysis (Study 4), revealing small to moderate effect sizes for our key findings. Theoretical and practical implications stemming from these novel findings are discussed.

МЕТЕОДАННЫЕ РЕАНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ОБОСНОВАНИЯ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО РЕЖИМА ОРОШАЕМЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БУРУНДИ

moisture supply, the country's well-being and food independence depend on the development of irrigated agriculture. The goal of irrigated agriculture in Burundi is not only to ensure high produc-tivity of agricultural plants, but also to promote the reproduction of soil fertility, the economical use of resources, and the environmental safety of agriculture. Achieving the set goals is possible by ob-serving a specific reclamation regime. This regime consists of a set of requirements for controlled factors that ensure harmonious coexistence and functioning of the landscape space and agro-cenoses in the Republic of Burundi. The purpose of this research is to determine whether climate analysis data can be used to support the reclamation regime of irrigated lands in the Republic of Burundi. This will be achieved by comparing the climate analysis data with data obtained from direct obser-vations at meteorological stations located within the Republic of Burundi, and assessing the reliabil-ity of the results

OMMAVIY MADANIYAT VA NIKOH MUNOSABATLARI MOHIYATIDAGI TRANSFORMATSION SABABLAR

: In all nations, the family has long been regarded as the greatest unit, and it cannot be compared to anything else. For this reason, the family has always been under the protection of the state and society, and it has embodied a noble power that plays an important role in the country's well-being and leads everyone to the same ideology. This article discusses the transformational reasons in the essence of mass culture and marital relations.

CLOTHING MARKET: IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS, TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES

Eter Kharaishvili 
 E-mail: eter.kharaishvili@tsu.ge 
 Professor, Economics and Business Faculty of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-7354 
 
 Nino Lobzhanidze 
 E-mail: nino.lobzhanidze@tsu.ge 
 Assistant Professor, Economics and Business Faculty of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-6924
 
 Abstract: The article evaluates the role of the clothing industry in the economic development and well-being of countries. Based on bibliographic research, it analyzes the main trends in the garment sector, considering historical, economic, political, social, and other factors that influence the development of the clothing industry.
 It is argued that historical industrial revolutions have had the most profound impact on the primary directions of the textile industry and the guiding principles of market development. Consequently, the key stages of garment industry development and market improvement are assessed in light of four industrial revolutions.
 By using global textile industry data, the study derives the current trend and the sector's development perspective while also assessing the clothing industry's negative impact on the environment.
 Based on the comparative analysis and development trends of textile and clothing production in Georgia, the main indicators of the sector are analyzed. 
 The study utilizes bibliographic research, analysis, synthesis, comparison, expert, matrix, factorial, and other methods. It evaluates sector-related theoretical and empirical materials and reports.
 The findings provide insights into the textile market's development prospects, and recommendations for potential directions in industry development are offered.

An Analysis of Critical Cybersecurity Controls for Industrial Control Systems

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) comprise software, hardware, network systems, and people that manage and operate industrial processes. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are two of the most prevalent ICS. An ICS facilitates the effective and efficient management and operation of industrial sectors, including critical infrastructure sectors like utilities, manufacturing, and water treatment facilities. An ICS collects and integrates data from various field controllers deployed in industrial contexts, enabling operators to make data-driven decisions in managing industrial operations. Historically, ICS were isolated from the internet, functioning as part of air-gapped networks. However, the efficiency improvements brought about by the emergence of Information Technology necessitated a shift towards a more connected industrial environment. The convergence of Information and Operational Technology (IT/OT) has made ICS vulnerable to cyberattacks. Due to the crucial nature of the infrastructure that ICS manage, cyberattacks against ICS may cause critical infrastructure sectors to experience downtime. This may have a crippling impact on a country's well-being and essential economic activities. Given the proliferation of cyber warfare, cyberattacks against ICS are increasingly significant at present, as was the case during the 2015 attack on Ukraine's power infrastructure, which was successful in causing a blackout that affected over 200 000 persons. The threat actors used malicious software known as "BlackEnergy3", which was created to interfere with the regular operation of the ICS in charge of controlling electrical substations. This was the first known instance of malicious software causing blackouts. In response to increasing cyberattacks against ICS, the SANS Institute, in a whitepaper titled “The Five ICS Cybersecurity Critical Controls”, present five critical controls for an ICS cybersecurity strategy. This paper discusses ICS and the increased convergence of IT and OT. The paper also outlines significant cyberattacks directed at ICS. The paper then follows an exploratory research methodology done in response to the Five ICS Cybersecurity Critical Controls to determine the state of ICS literature that can help ICS operators secure their environments in accordance with the framework. Additionally, the ICS Cybersecurity Critical Controls are mapped to the NERC CIP standards, which provide guidance on the security of the Bulk Electric System (BES) and associated critical assets in North America.

Exploring the nexus link of environmental technology innovation, urbanization, financial development, and energy consumption on environmental pollution: Evidence from 27 emerging economies

The core intent of the present study seeks to probe the connection linking environmental technology innovation (ENVTI), economic growth (ECG), financial development (FID), trade openness (TROP), urbanization (URB) and energy consumption (ENC) on environmental pollution (ENVP) by employing 27 chosen African economies panel data. These variables merit critical attention when implementing decarbonization policies and significantly safeguarding a country's well-being in pursuit of massive industrialization and economic expansion. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and the pooled mean group (PMG) estimation techniques were utilized to analyze the series from 2000 through 2020. This research used the FMOLS for long-run connections interaction of the variables, while the DOLS and PMG were used for robustness checks. Further, the Pedroni, Kao, and Westerlund cointegration approaches were employed to determine cointegration in the series. Also, the cross-sectional Im, Pesaran, and Shin (CIPS) and the cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) unit root testing approaches were utilized to check the stationarity of the series. Again, the stochastic impact on regression, population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model, and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) was used as the theoretical framework supporting this research. The findings of the long-run analysis give credence to the EKC assumption demonstrating that a significant long-term ECG will support the decrease in ENVP when nations experience increases in the level of income. Further, this study found that ENVTI and URB are conducive to reducing ENVP in the long run. The current research finding is sensitive to the respective nations' income levels. This empirical research furnishes prudent policies tailored for the respective countries' pursuit of ECG and reducing ENVP.

Synergy of climate change with country success and city quality of life

Most people around the world have felt the effects of climate change on their quality of life. This study sought to achieve the maximum efficiency for climate change actions with the minimum negative impact on the well-being of countries and cities. The Climate Change and Country Success (C3S) and Climate Change and Cities’ Quality of Life (C3QL) models and maps of the world created as part of this research showed that as economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental metrics of countries and cities improve, so do their climate change indicators. For the 14 climate change indicators, the C3S and C3QL models indicated 68.8% average dispersion dimensions in the case of countries and 52.8% in the case of cities. Our research showed that increases in the success of 169 countries saw improvements in 9 climate change indicators out of the 12 considered. Improvements in country success indicators were accompanied by a 71% improvement in climate change metrics.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ОСТРОЙ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ И КУМУЛЯТИВНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ДЕЗИНФИЦИРУЮЩЕГО СРЕДСТВА «ДЕЗИНОЛ ВЕТ»

An urgent problem of veterinary science and practice is the search for new highly effective domestic disinfectants that would improve the sanitary quality of products, raw materials and feed of animal origin, as well as animal productivity and ensure the country's well-being in infectious diseases. The most promising in this regard are composite preparations containing several compatible active substances (AS) from various groups of chemical compounds. The new disinfectant «Dezinol Vet» contains glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, a mixture of QAC (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and idecyldimethylammonium chloride) as an active ingredient. When determining the acute toxicity and cumulative properties of «Dezinol Vet», it was found that at a working concentration (5.5% in water) when injected into the stomach, LD50 was more than 5000 mg/kg, which corresponds to the 4th hazard class (low-toxic compounds) according to GOST 12.1.007-76. No material cumulation of the agent was revealed, a weak functional cumulation was shown. Given that all changes have been canceled only at the level of doses and concentrations that are several times higher than recommended, it is possible to exclude the real danger of this product for animals under the conditions recommended for its use.

Inspekcija uticaja makroekonomskih faktora na povrat akcija - slučaj Srbije

In many developed economies, a stable financial market is the basis for the growth and development of a country's well-being. The movement of stock prices is, in many ways, a reflection of the development of the largest companies in a country. In this paper, we deal with the analysis of the impact of macroeconomic indicators such as inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates on stock prices on the stock market. The goal of the paper is a deeper understanding of how the movements of macroeconomic indicators affect the movement of stock prices and, at the same time, the economic growth of the largest companies. The analysis used monthly data on changes in inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates, together with the prices of shares of companies listed on the Belgrade Stock Exchange (BelexLine index) for the period from 2015 to 2021. The index itself contains a sample of 29 companies. The findings indicate the existence of a unidirectional relationship between interest rate changes and stock prices, and a bidirectional relationship between stock price changes and changes in inflation and interest rates. In addition to these two tests, the authors graphically show the impulse response of indicators as well as the decomposition of data variation, which indicates that the changes in stock price are explained mostly by the variance in the stock price itself. The results also indicate that the primary change of the BelexLine index to itself is positive, while in other periods there is a negative reaction, but at the end of the period, there is stabilization after the original occurrence of the shock.

Incomes, Gaps and Well-Being: an Exploration of Direct Tax Income Statements Before and During Covid-19 Through the Comparability Interval

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to see if total direct taxes (TDT) affect the growth of the country's income and well-being or stagnation and gaps based on the variables raised: Corporate Income Tax (CIT), Personal Income Tax ( TAP), Property Taxes (PT), Other Direct Taxes (ODT), as well as to explore which variables had a greater impact on income growth, welfare or gaps before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Theoretical framework: First, this research brought a new approach to explore the income statement through total direct taxes before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, then analyzed which variables there were increases in income, gaps, or welfare. Finally, an overview is given on how to promote and continuously increase state revenues and reduce gaps through TDTs. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected at the local and central levels in the state of Kosovo based on the audited financial and economic reports for the period (2014-2021) as well as through interviews with officials and directors in the finance department and with the Minister of Finance during 2017-2018, analyzing in detail all financial items for direct tax variables and their impact on government revenues, on the country's well-being or economic-financial gaps through descriptive analysis, factorial analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. Findings: Based on analyzes such as PCA Matrix Loading Factors, PCA Model Summary- Multiple Linear Regression, Coefficients- TDT, the results showed that the variables [(CIT=98%, R=.980, Sig=.000, F=148,854), (PIT=99%, R=.987, Sig.=000, F=220,841), (PT=90%, R=.902, Sig.=.000, F=26,240)] are quite important and that they have influenced the increase in income and well-being of the country, while the variable (OTD=39%, R=.390, Sig.=000, F=1.079) has not influenced the well-being of the country during this period and that there are still some gaps that need to be improved before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, greater weight in the collection of (TDTs) and an increase in well-being have been shown (PIT=.975, Cons=.136, Acu=99%), while gaps have been shown (ODT: Cons=.209, Acu =39%). It is recommended that the state should be careful in collecting revenues from (TDT) and especially (OTDs). Research, Practical & Social implications: The limitations and implications of this research are that the study period is (8) years, the number of variables is limited to only (4) with their sub-variables (48), and it is only an analysis of one country. Therefore, for further analysis, a larger number of countries, periods, and variables can be taken into the research. Originality/value: It will help countries to see where there is an increase in income and well-being and where there are gaps and a decrease in income and based on this, they should be careful in creating policies to encourage and increase income through (TDTs)

Determinants Of Maternal Mortality: An Empirical Study of Indian States Based on The Random Effect Model Analysis

Background: Healthcare for mothers and children is a significant indicator of a country's well-being. India is one of the nations that were experiencing a rather slow improvement in maternal and child health. Aims: The objective of this study is to analyse the changes in maternal healthcare in India from 2010-11 in health inputs like health infrastructure and government expenditure, health outcomes like antenatal care, postnatal care, institutional delivery, and health impact like Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Methodology: The study is based on secondary data. It employs Average Increasing Rate (AIR) and Average Reduction Rate (ARR), as well as a panel data random effect model, on key health indicators for Indian states. Results: Empirical results say MMR has a statistically significant inverse relationship with female literacy, Per capita Net State Domestic Product (PNSDP), and institutional delivery. The study concludes that after the introduction of NRHM and its constituent elements like JSY and JSSK, government expenditure on health, infrastructure, the percentage of antenatal care, post-natal care, and institutional delivery increased in most of the Indian states, thus helping to increase the pace of the reduction of MMR. However, state performance varies greatly. Conclusions: Policy alone will not provide the desired results; it is also critical to focus on education, particularly female literacy, and economic empowerment. We can make a difference in the health sector if these come together.

EURASIAN INTEGRATION IN THE FOCUS OF FOREIGN POLICY OF KAZAKHSTAN

Last year our country celebrated the 30th anniversary of its independence. For many years, Kazakhstan has managed to achieve success not only in building its own statehood, but also to develop an effective model of foreign policy based on pragmatism and national interests. The Kazakh direction of public diplomacy is developing very dynamically. At the beginning of the second decade of the XXIt century, the idea of Eurasian integration plays a significant role in the Eurasian economic region. It has proven its historical significance as a path to the prosperity and well-being of countries and peoples.

DETERMINAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI NEGARA OKI (STUDI KASUS: 10 NEGARA ANGGOTA OKI)

Economic growth is a leading indicator in measuring a country's well-being. Economic growth in most countries in the world has increased so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect economic growth in OIC member countries. The study also aims to determine economic growth in 10 OIC member countries. The results showed that export variables, government spending, human development indices had a significant positive effect on economic growth in the 10 OIC member countries. While the population growth variable, the labor force variable has a significant negative effect on economic growth in the 10 OIC member countries. The variables of the democracy index have no effect on economic growth in the 10 OIC member countries.

Эконометрический анализ роста ВВП в североевропейском регионе и в странах группы БРИКС

The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the economic well-being of countries and their openness to external markets. The scientific novelty consists in the comparison of two groups of countries with different characteristics and identifying specific patterns of the impact of selected macroeconomic factors on GDP. The article presents an econometric analysis and contains regression equations for each state. Interpretation of the coefficients of the derived models makes it possible to estimate changes in GDP with the change of indicators. As a result, it was revealed that export is the most stable and strongly influencing the economy of all countries macroeconomic factor, and the strength of influence depends on the level of development of the country. The stability of GDP in developing countries is largely achieved through the regulation of internal factors, and in developed countries through exports regulation.

The Origins of the Syrian Conflicts

The Origins of the Syrian Conflicts

Examining the Role of National Context: Do Country Conditions During Childhood Impact Perpetration of Dating Violence in Emerging Adulthood?

The link between individual experiences in early childhood or adolescence years and future dating violence (DV) perpetration has been well established and explored across various populations. However, little is known on a worldwide scale, about the association between national conditions during childhood, like overall well-being or status of women in that nation, and perpetration of DV in emerging adulthood. Applying life-course theory and a socioecological framework to data from the International Dating Violence Study and country index scores, this study examines whether the overall well-being of a country during childhood affects the perpetration of DV in emerging adulthood. We also examine if the national status of women during childhood moderates the association between overall well-being of a country during childhood and DV perpetration in emerging adulthood, all while controlling for the individual effects of gender, violence approval, criminal history, neglect history, and anger management. The study's sample size included 4,280 people from 19 countries. Men reported less likelihood of perpetrating DV compared to women. Cross national comparative analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between country well-being and women status on DV perpetration (β = 0.69, p < .05) at the national level. When women's status was low or moderate, the well-being status showed an inverse effect on the probability of DV perpetration, but this direction switched in the face of high women's status. Contrary to previous research, higher women status may contribute to increased intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Our findings underscore the existence of context-specific social conditions in relationship to IPV. Broad implications of the findings, potential explanations and directions for future research are discussed.

�CIRCULAR ECONOMY AS AN INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC MODEL

Topicality. The main approaches to the formation of a circular economy are consider in the article. The principles of building a circular economy are reveal. The genesis of the "circular economy" is studied: from the origin of the idea to modern trends. The modern understanding of circular economy and its practical application in evolving economic systems is present, including various features and contributions of different concepts that share the idea of closed cycles. Aim and tasks. To reveal the peculiarities of the formation of the paradigm of the circular economy at the global, regional and national levels of the model of the circular economy in the conditions of inclusive development. The tasks are to reveal a holistic view of the new model of formation and development of the economy. Research results. Model analysed Model K. Whitman: differences between linear and circular economy. A parallel is draw with the impact on the environmental well-being of countries. The publications of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and their joint developments with McKinsey Company, in particular, economic and business opportunities for the transition to a restorative, circular model of the economy. The main approaches of technology of reuse of re-X (recycling, remanufacturing, reuse, etc.) technologies as components of circular economy are studied. Five approaches to resource cycles are identify�, which are the basis of the overall strategy, the archetypes of innovation of the circular business model. The reports of the World Economic Forum and the PACE with an emphasis on the paradigm shift in world production regarding the concept of circular production are analyse. The guidelines of the British Standards Institute and the International Organization for Standardization that implement a circular economy strategy are considered. The main directions of transformation of the economies of the world, in particular, the EU, USA, China, Ukraine and their targets are studied. Government and legislative initiatives on the way of forming a circular economy, solving environmental problems and waste recycling are highlight. Examples of financial support and initiatives of financial governmental and non-governmental institutions are given. The article focuses on the research of the world's leading scientists, international institutions, and analytical reports on the implementation of the concept of circular economy. Conclusion. Thus, the circular economy is one of the directions of development of the global economic space, built as a model of interaction of all actors of international economic relations in the conditions of development of inclusive economy and society. The circular economy is not an unambiguous process that can be solved globally without the involvement of all stakeholders, it is also the main engine for achieving the Kyoto Protocol, sustainable development goals, solving the problem of limited resources, forming a culture of waste management, etc.

Using a 3 stage process to create a consumer research contact list in a paediatric health setting: the PARTICIPATE project

The impact of child health research can be far reaching; affecting children’s immediate health, their adult health, the health of future generations and the economic wellbeing of countries. Consumer and community involvement is increasingly recognised as key to successful research recruitment. Systematic approaches to research recruitment include research registries or research contact lists.ObjectiveDevelop a process of creating a consumer research contact list for participating in future research opportunities at a children’s health service.MethodsA healthcare improvement approach using a 3 stage framework; 1) evidence review and consultation 2) co-production of a research communications plan with stakeholders (including consumers), including a draft research information brochure 3) prototyping involved iteratively testing the brochure, surveying parents or carers who attended outpatient clinics or the hospital Emergency Department, and conducting follow up telephone calls.ResultsThere was overall support for the creation of a research contact list, but some unknowns remain. 367 parents or carers completed the survey and 36 participated in a follow up telephone call. Over half would be willing to join a research contact list and more than 90% of the children of parents or carers surveyed were not currently participating in research. Several potential barriers identified by health service staff were dispelled. Research communications and a future contact list should be available in electronic form.ConclusionsThere was strong support for creating a research contact list. The approach will inform our future directions including creation of an electronic research contact list easily accessible by consumers of the children’s health service.Plain English SummaryRecruiting enough children to participate in research studies can be challenging. Establishing a registry or list of young people willing to be contacted to participate in research is one way of addressing this problem. At our children’s health service, we wanted to explore the idea of developing a research contact list and we were particularly keen to involve consumers and community members in this process, which involved: 1.Reviewing other examples of research contact lists and consulting with a range of people, including consumers and community members, 2. Co-producing a research communications plan with parents, young people, health service staff and research staff, including a draft research information brochure for families, and 3. Testing the acceptability of the brochure by surveying parents or carers who attended outpatient clinics or the hospital Emergency Department, and conducting follow up telephone calls with them. 367 parents or carers completed a survey and 36 participated in a follow up telephone call. Over half were willing to join a research contact list and more than 90% of the children of parents or carers surveyed were not currently participating in research. Several potential barriers raised by consumers and health professionals in the first stage of the project were not found to be a concern for the parents or carers surveyed. Responses showed research communications and a future contact list should be available in electronic form. These findings will inform the future creation of an electronic research contact list, easily accessible by consumers of the children’s health service.

Capturing Multidimensional Energy Poverty in South America: A Comparative Study of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay

Roughly 789 million people have no access to energy, and around 2.8 billion people lack access to clean cooking solutions according to the World Bank, and so we also find many people that cannot afford energy (reliable and clean) at the current prices. In the literature, accessibility, availability, and affordability are underlined as the key drivers of energy poverty. In South America, these aspects have not been studied in depth. This research is relevant because it provides a standardized, cross-country, and comparable analysis of multidimensional energy poverty in the region. The study of energy poverty is critical for the development and well-being of countries, especially in regions such as South America, where this issue can be affected by geographical, cultural, infrastructure, and/or socio-economic differences. In this study, we measured the magnitude of energy poverty in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. This methodology is based on the analysis of energy poverty through a multidimensional approach, considering three parameters as drivers of energy poverty in the countries: accessibility, availability, and affordability. Through a two-step process, first, we calculate the Weighted Average Energy Poverty Index (WAEPI), based on three proposed scenarios (W1, W2, and W3), and finally, through the Composite Energy Poverty Index (CEPI), we measure the existing gaps, based on the selected indicators, between the countries under study and the benchmark country. Additionally, we decided to focus our analysis on the country that has shown the highest level and gaps on multidimensional energy poverty in the region, as a case study to validate the results obtained through the chosen methodology. The results show that during the period of analysis (2000–2016), Paraguay has been the most energy-poor country among the countries under study, while Argentina has been the least energy-poor country. At the local level, we observed that, Paraguay, despite being one of the largest producers and exporters of clean hydroelectric energy in the region, still presents high levels of consumption of biomass or coal for cooking, while electricity only represents 17% of the total final energy consumption in the country (biomass and fossil fuels account for 83%). These results could lead the design of energy policies, projects, and programs to reduce the multidimensional energy poverty, nationally, also at the common platform: MERCOSUR. Finally, this study includes an analysis of policy implications and alternative solutions to eradicate energy poverty in the region.

The influence of corona virus infection on family demography

The article analyzes the influence of corona virus infection on family demography in Uzbekistan. It also focuses on other demographic indicators, such as comparing population growth in CIS countries between 1991 and 2011, as well as the interregional distribution of population in the country and the structure of working-age population. It allows to observe the variations of demographics in the country since the independence to date. It also allows identifying the accumulated demographic issues, namely the overpopulated regions with the high level of unemployment, the imbalance between supply and demand in labor market, the increase of working-age population, and the rise of elderly employable population which creates pressure on the pension system. Therefore, a high priority task for today is the elimination of these problems as the corona virus pandemic may worsen the situation in the country because the well-being of family demography and the well-being of country are closely connected.