Economic Development Of Country Research Articles

Reevaluating energy progress: An in-depth policy framework of energy, urbanization, and economic development

Pakistan has challenging energy-related economic concerns, including accessibility, affordability, and sustainability, all of which significantly impact the country's economic development and growth prospects. This study seeks to uncover the intricate link between energy use, power costs, urbanization, alternative energy consumption, and economic development from 1970 to 2018. Utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, Frequency Domain Causality (FDC), and Innovative Accounting Approach (IAA), the research finds that energy use and urbanization positively impact economic development in the short and long term. Conversely, alternative energy consumption declines in the short run, while rising power costs negatively affect long-term economic development. FDC results indicate that rising power costs affect economic development in the short, medium, and long run, while urbanization has a long and short-term and energy use has a long- and medium-run impact on economic development in Pakistan. IAA aligns with ARDL and FDC hypotheses. This underscores the vital role of energy use and costs in economic activity, emphasizing the need for prudent urbanization and strategic alternative energy integration in long-term policy for Pakistan.

Particulate matter 2.5 air pollution mitigation strategy: the role of green investment, digitalization, and renewable energy in the organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries

Particulate matter 2.5 air pollution mitigation strategy: the role of green investment, digitalization, and renewable energy in the organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries

Comparative Analysis of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort Standards in School Buildings across New Zealand with Other OECD Countries

COVID-19 has improved awareness of the importance of appropriate indoor air quality (IAQ) in indoor spaces, particularly in classrooms where children are expected to learn. Research has shown that poor IAQ and temperature levels affect the cognitive performance of children. In this paper, we critically compare IAQ standards for New Zealand’s Designing Quality Learning Spaces (DQLS Document) against international benchmarks from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, including ASHRAE 62.1, CIBSE TM57, EN-15251, WHO AQGs, and Building Bulletins 99 and 101. The aim was to ascertain the robustness of New Zealand’s DQLS document, identify areas of superiority, and recommend the required improvement for appropriate IAQ and thermal comfort in classrooms. This comparison review focuses on IAQ parameters: CO2 levels, temperature, ventilation rates, room size, occupant density, and occupancy rates. The findings illuminate a slight lag in New Zealand’s DQLS standards compared to her international counterparts. For instance, while New Zealand’s standards align closely with WHO standards for IAQ concerning temperature and ventilation rates, the recommended CO2 range appears slightly inadequate (800 to 2000 ppm) along with occupancy and classroom size for effectively controlling classroom pollutant growth. This paper emphasises the need to align New Zealand’s IAQ and thermal comfort standards with optimal OECD benchmarks. The identified disparities present opportunities for improving learning spaces in terms of CO2 concentration, size of classroom, and occupant density in schools in New Zealand to meet globally recognised standards, ultimately creating a healthier and more conducive learning environment.

Can major public health emergencies increase the participation of commercial insurance? Evidence from China

BackgroundPublic health emergencies have a lasting impact on a country's economic and social development. However, commercial insurance can disperse these negative consequences and reduce risk losses.MethodBased on the Chinese Household Tracking Survey and Peking University Digital Inclusive Finance Index, this study employed a difference-in-differences model to test the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on commercial insurance participation and the impact mechanism.ResultsThe analysis showed that the outbreak of COVID-19 improved residents' risk perception, risk preference and digital finance and promoted their participation in commercial insurance, commercial endowment insurance, and commercial medical insurance.ConclusionMajor public health emergencies can increase commercial insurance participation, but the promotional effect of commercial insurance on rural and low-income individuals is relatively limited. To tap into potential customers, financial institutions should focus on vulnerable societal groups. This study supplements the relevant literature on the impact of major public health emergencies on commercial insurance participation.

Analyzing the impact of fiscal conditions on private health expenditures in OECD countries: a quantile ARDL investigation.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have embraced the aim of universal health coverage, as established in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.8. This goal guarantees access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship or poverty. Additionally, it requires correct and adequate financing sources. A country with weak protection for its population tends to spend less on healthcare and experiences a high share of out-of-pocket payments (OOPs), increasing the likelihood of people falling into poverty. This study aims to understand the relationship and causal effects between macroeconomic and public fiscal conditions and private health expenditure in OECD countries between 1995 and 2019. We retrieved OECD data for 26 OECD countries for the period 1995-2019. Panel AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) and panel quantile AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (PQARDL) models were estimated to examine the relationship between private health expenditures and macroeconomic and public fiscal variables. Our results reveal a positive influence of government debt and economic freedom on private health expenditures. They also show a negative influence of the government budget balance, government health expenditures, and economic growth on private health expenditures. These results collectively suggest that public fiscal conditions will likely impact private health expenditures. The findings of this study raise concerns about the equity and financial protection objectives of universal health coverage in OECD countries.

The Internationalization–Environmental Performance Relationship: Does it Differ between MNEs in Advanced and Less Advanced Economies?

AbstractThe environmental performance (EP) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has attracted increasing attention amid rising concerns over environmental problems such as climate change. However, questions remain about the relationship between the internationalization of MNEs and their EP. In this paper, we show that the relationship varies depending on the home country's economic development level. For MNEs from an advanced economy, there is a U‐shaped relationship between the level of internationalization and EP of MNEs such that there is a negative relationship at low levels of internationalization but a positive relationship at high levels of internationalization. For MNEs from a less advanced economy, there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship such that there is a positive relationship at low levels of internationalization but a negative relationship at high levels of internationalization.

When the use of derived wastes and effluents treatment is part of a responsible industrial production: A review

Effluents derived from industrial production can contain pollutants as oils, dyes, plaguicides, emerging organic pollutants, detergents, disinfectants, and toxic metals. The presence of high concentrations of pollutants in effluents makes them an important source of environmental pollution. To solve this problem, various technologies have been developed for the treatment of industrial effluents. Currently, sustainable industrial production and the wastes reuse is of great importance for the economic development and environmental countries protection. This review initially proposes an introduction to sustainable industrial production, its foundations and aspects related to the circular economy and the process intensification. Current trends in waste reuse in Latin America are presented. In addition, the latest advances on the technologies used for effluents treatment are commented and discussed, considering the different sustainability indicators. The contributions reported in this manuscript demonstrated the efficiency of eliminating pollutants present in industrial effluents, reaching removal percentages of pollutants from 20 to 100 %. Finally, it is important to mention that the applied technologies are useful not only for the decontamination of an industrial effluent and the environmental care but also for the possibility of give an additional use to these resources considering the water shortage present in many parts of Latin America.

Research Progress and Prospect of Chinese Labor Skill Structure

As an important index to measure a country's economic development and social progress, the skill structure of labor force has been widely concerned. With the rapid development of China's economy and science and technology, the optimization of labor force skill structure has become one of the key factors to achieve sustainable development. However, there are still some deficiencies and limitations in the research on the skill structure of Chinese labor force. By systematically combing relevant studies, this paper clarified the evolution trend of China's labor force skill structure, deeply analyzed the influence mechanism of China's labor force skill structure around variables such as digital economy, industrial upgrading, regional development level, technological progress and urbanization, and then discussed the optimization path of labor force skill structure, and looked forward to the direction and focus of future research.

Analyzing the Worldwide Wetland Parks Research: A Spectral-Cluster Algorithm Latent Semantic Index Approach

This study reviews worldwide wetland park research from 1996 to 2022. A bibliometric analysis is conducted on 591 wetland park studies indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The study utilizes CiteSpace and VOSviewer tools to visualize and explore influential research focuses, themes, directions, and countries. The citation burst indicates that from 1996 to 2022, research on wetland parks transited from exploring basic community structures to complex ecosystem service assessments and the formulation of management strategies. Furthermore, over the past three years, wetland park research has seen a significant surge in studies investigating water quality, ecosystem services, and spatiotemporal analysis. Notably, the three most frequent keywords in research on wetland parks were China, South Africa, and biodiversity. These keywords reflect regions that enhance biodiversity via wetland parks. The spectral-clustering algorithm identifies carbon sequestration as a research focus, highlighting the vital role of wetlands in the carbon cycle. Most authors work in developed countries’ institutions, but some are from developing countries like China, South Africa, and India. The findings suggest that economic development is crucial in wetland park construction and significantly influences related research. Developed countries may offer more PhD positions to developing countries’ researchers in the field and raise their awareness about wetland conservation. Given the holistic requirements of wetlands, this research recommends that educators should adopt an interdisciplinary approach in the future when nurturing wetland staff. Additionally, the study maps out the primary areas of interest in wetland park research, including environmental science, ecological economics, forestry, wetlands, tourism, and management. New artificial intelligence and digital technologies should be developed for wetland park research. This study fills a research gap: quantitative and visualized knowledge-mapping and bibliometrics on wetland parks are scarce. Additionally, no previous study has explored the relationship between wetland park research and the economic development of countries.

Circular Economy in Haiti and Least Developed Countries to Improve Social Justice The Missing Aspects of The Circular Economy Discourse

Current development aid methods implemented by NGOs have demonstrated to generate negative consequences as for example to weaken the role of state, create dependency and reproduce imperialistic power relations. Furthermore, despite great efforts, good wills and a lot of money spent by NGOs and international agencies for development aid projects in Haiti all along the last few decades, little to no results have been reached in a long-term perspective. The purpose of this work is therefore to present and evaluate a new strategy for the field of developmental aid, which is based in this case on the circular economy principles and that is intended to produce a long-lasting change. Circular economy is a relatively new method of thinking about production which will lead the economy of the future, however, its positive effects have been analyzed only in relation to the industrialized and industrializing world, while for the moment no studies have been produced to understand its applicability in the least developed countries of the world. Therefore, this article is of exploratory nature and aims to start a discussion on this subject and to contribute to the understanding of the benefits that circular economy-based projects could generates in fragile and failed states like Haiti. The method utilized has been the one of bibliographic research and a case study, which deeply describe a social-eco enterprise that works in Haiti applying circular economy principles to its projects, is provided. The results confirmed our hypothesis and sustained the idea that to generate long lasting changes and to improve social justice in Haiti and in the other least developed countries of the world, these kind of projects are more than necessary. While the main limit of our method is that we have been able to presents a single case study only, to conclude, we suggest that further studies in this direction and the provision of more case studies by other researchers could better contribute to the solving of the questions generated by this research and could provide more data in support of our assumptions.

Artistic Virtual Reality Scene Analysis Taking into Account the Interactive Digital Media Pattern Generation Technology

With the development of science and technology and the continuous strength of Chinese spiritual civilization, digital media patterns have penetrated into various fields and played a central role in them. This article studies the endless emergence of various new media, and the channels of information dissemination are becoming more and more abundant. With the development of science and technology, new media are gradually derived, such as: IPTV, electronic magazines, etc., which have developed on the basis of traditional media. But there is a qualitative difference from traditional media. Digital media has a profound impact on mass society.This article proposes that digital media has become the most important means of communication in the information society. The digital media creative industry and the country's economic development have formed a close relationship of interdependence and mutual promotion. Based on the interactive digital media model generation technology, the research of artistic virtual and real scene analysis is the main issue today. The experimental results of this paper show that through the experimental investigation and analysis in 2019 and 2020, it is found that the application trend of company A and B in the virtual reality situation has increased significantly. The application rate of company A and B in 2019 reached about 43%, but the trend is not unstable. However, in 2020, it can be clearly seen that the application rate of companies A and B in applying digital media patterns to virtual and real scenarios has stabilized, exceeding 35% every month. It can be seen in the text below that when the four models are in different periods, the value of the optimal solution is different, and when the model is at 0.1 and 31, the optimal solution appears.Experiments show that digital media is widely used in the analysis of virtual and real scenarios. Based on the new research field formed by the fusion and intersection of digital media patterns, starting with the changes in the main body, objects, tools and forms of virtual and real scene communication in the context of digital media, it conducts in-depth research on the creation of artistic virtual and real scenes from many aspects.

Influence of the development of solar photovoltaic industry on the relationship between supply and demand of key minerals in China

The importance of mineral resources cannot be ignored in the country's economic and social development and is of vital significance in securing China's continued economic and social prosperity. Against the backdrop of the country's active promotion of the clean energy industry, the booming development of the photovoltaic industry has triggered a growing demand for its key raw materials, especially important metallic minerals. Based on the system dynamics theory, the article uses Vensim to construct a photovoltaic cell-key metal mineral simulation model to analyze the development of China's photovoltaic industry in depth and focuses on its far-reaching impact on the supply and demand relationship of key minerals. The results of the study show that (1) China's photovoltaic cells show strong growth; (2) recycling and technology substitution can significantly reduce the risk of copper and aluminum supply and demand imbalance; and (3) technology substitution is more effective than recycling in reducing the supply and demand imbalance of copper and aluminum. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

Trends of malaria cases (plasmodium species) in Gute Health Center, Wayu Tuka District, East Wollega Zone, (2013-2022): A cross-sectional study.

Malaria is one of the biggest public health challenges in Ethiopia that has hampered the country's economic growth and development, and the government is on track to reduce malaria prevalence by 80% by 2025. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the trends in malaria prevalence in Wayu Tuqa District, Gute Health Center, over the last 10 years (2013-2022). A retrospective analysis was undertaken to identify the patterns of malaria cases in Wayu Tuqa District, Gute Health Center, from 2013 to 2022 by evaluating the malaria registration laboratory logbook. All socio-demographic data, as well as the year, month, and malaria prevalence, were obtained using a predesigned data collection form from previous years. In this study, 3402 (22.50%) of the total 15,040 probable patients had malaria. P. falciparum was the most common species, accounting for 82.84% (2818) of the total, followed by P. vivax (16.00%) (547). Males and people over the age of 15 were the most affected demographics. In this study, the highest number of malaria cases were observed in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Furthermore, the autumn season had the highest incidence of malaria cases, 40% (1339), while the spring season had the lowest prevalence, 16% (546). The general trend of plasmodium species at Gute Health Center over the previous 10 years (2013-2022) has not shown inconsistent trends. As a result, proper malaria prevention and control planning, implementation, and monitoring should be strengthened at all levels.

How natural resource, renewable energy, and energy productivity integrate with environmental quality under the load capacity curve in OECD nations

Previous research highlights the impact of renewable energy (REN) sources and natural resources (NRP) on environmental sustainability, but it leaves out the possible consequences of energy production (EP). Additionally, clean environment is addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 12. This study evaluates the outcomes of meeting the OECD's carbon zero targets by 2050 as well as the UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties' 2030 carbon neutrality target. Therefore, evaluating how these factors affect the load capacity factor (LCF) may have pertinent ramifications for the government's pursuit of sustainable development objectives. Therefore, the effects of REN, NRP, and energy efficiency on LCF were examined for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The method of momentum quantile regression (MMQR) is applied during the period of 1990-2022. The results show that REN is increasing LCF by 0.157% to 0.161% in four quantiles and NRP is also contributing to environmental quality by 0.385% to 0.233% in 25th to 90th quantiles. EP is lowering LCF by 0.091% to 0.073% in the long run. The paper provides policy implications for a cleaner environment in OECD nations.

An update on management of rare diseases in India

Rare diseases, characterized by their prevalence in smaller segments of the population, pose significant challenges globally. While definitions may vary across nations based on prevalence rates, these conditions are often life-threatening despite affecting fewer individuals. Genetics play a prominent role, contributing to approximately 80% of rare disorders, with treatments often categorized as ‘orphan drugs’. Regardless of a country's economic status or development level, rare diseases impose substantial burdens on healthcare systems and national economies. In India, rare diseases represent a pressing public health concern, yet they often receive inadequate attention and resources. Factors such as insufficient diagnosis, limited awareness, sparse epidemiological data, high treatment costs, and scant research and development exacerbate the challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers. Despite their significant impact, rare diseases remain a neglected area within the healthcare landscape. The aim of this review was to shed light on the rare disease landscape in India by examining available secondary data from published sources. By comprehensively assessing the existing literature, researchers seek to gain insights into the prevalence, management, and challenges surrounding rare diseases in the Indian context. This endeavor is crucial for informing policymakers, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders about the urgent need for improved strategies and resources to address the complex issues associated with rare diseases in India.

Electricity Consumption, Renewable Energy Production, and Current Account of Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries: Implications for Sustainability

This paper uses the bootstrapped Granger Causality Testing approach to investigate the relationship between electricity consumption, renewable energy production, and the current account of the six OECD countries. One of the main advantages of using this approach is that it captures the cross-section dependence in our sample and applies the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) to examine the causality relationship between the variables. The empirical findings show the presence of cross-section dependence in our sample as the six Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries share resources, capabilities, and key competencies. Notably, a unidirectional causality exists running from electric power consumption to the current account of the USA. The current account balance causes electric power consumption in the case of France and Switzerland. The tri-variate causality relationship between electricity consumption, renewable energy production, and current account balance could not be established in the case of Germany, Finland, or the UK.

Historical trajectory, logic of change and dynamics of the regulatory system for ground floor stalls--Based on a historical institutionalist perspective

The regulatory system of street stalls is an important part of China's street governance system, which plays a pivotal role in the country's economic development and social stability. Based on the analytical framework of historical institutionalism, by analyzing the historical trajectory of the change of China's street stall regulatory system, it is found that it presents a double logic of change in terms of the mode and process of change, and that its power mechanism consists of the synergistic interactions among stakeholders, social values, the institutional environment, and the institutional system. Reflecting on the past and looking forward to the future, in order to promote the long-term sustainable development of the stall regulation system and make it enter a virtuous cycle of institutional change, it is necessary to further strengthen the concept of people-oriented management, innovate the management mechanism, and promote the combination of stall regulation and artificial intelligence.

Academic Productivity in Ophthalmology and Its Correlation to National Economic Indicators Among the OECD Countries: A Bibliometric Analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose Prompted by the clinical concern that limited healthcare resources allocation affects physicians’ research productivity, this study examines the association between bibliometric indices of ophthalmologic research and national economic indicators in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Methods The Scimago Journal and Country rank source was searched for research productivity data in ophthalmology among OECD countries between 1996 and 2019. Bibliometric indices included: documents number, number and percent of citable documents, citations number, citations per document, and H-index. The updated economic indicators of each country (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita, health spending as percent of GDP (health expenditure), gross domestic expenditure on research, and development as percent of GDP [GERD]) were collected from the World Bank and the OECD websites. Correlation between economic and bibliometric metrics and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results Among 267,444 documents analyzed, correlation analysis found a strong correlation between health expenditure and H index (r = 0.711, p < 0.001); a moderate correlation between health expenditure and documents number (r = 0.589, p < 0.001), number of citable document (r = 0.593, p < 0.001) and citations number (r = 0.673, p < 0.001); and a moderate correlation between GERD and H index (r = 0.564, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis controlling for economic factors, population and language showed the independent association of these parameters with bibliometric indices. Conclusions This study demonstrates a positive correlation between bibliometric indicators of ophthalmology research and economic factors, particularly health expenditure, among the OECD countries. Our results suggest an advantage of domestic investment in health to expand academic productivity in the field of ophthalmology.

The Impact of Educational Investment on Economic Development in Society

This paper explores in depth how China's investment in education since the 21st century has had a significant impact on the country's economic development. With the advent of globalization and knowledge-based economy, education has become a key factor to promote social progress and enhance national competitiveness. This paper analyzes the financial support of the Chinese government in basic education, higher education and vocational and technical education, and examines the positive effects of these investments on the optimization of the labor market, scientific and technological innovation capacity and the overall economic structure. In future development, more attention should be paid to improving the per capita education level rather than merely pursuing quantitative expansion. This means that we must make reasonable policies to guide resources to poor areas and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. Improving the continuing education system; Encourage enterprises to participate in vocational and technical training; And to strengthen the construction of teachers and curriculum reform and other soft power investment. Only such a comprehensive and in-depth education reform and development strategy can ensure the steady and rapid growth of the national economy while having the inherent resilience to resist external risks and challenges, and achieve sustainable prosperity in the true sense.

The Identification of Acquired Disabilities in the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries: A Scoping Review of Impact on Employment Outcomes

The Identification of Acquired Disabilities in the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries: A Scoping Review of Impact on Employment Outcomes