Information Technology In Countries Research Articles

Research on the path of improving the level of business management in digital economy

With the progress of social science and technology, now the era of big data has arrived, our country's information technology has obtained unprecedented development. In such a market background, the competition between enterprises becomes more and more fierce, if the level of business management can not handle properly, it will let enterprises lose a place in the market competition. Under such environmental requirements, enterprises must improve the management mode, so that enterprises can obtain more long-term and stable development. This article for the enterprise internal business management level trend to discuss, research under the digital economy environment how to achieve the quality of the enterprise from the level of business management leap, and according to today's social development environment, to provide a better development direction for the enterprise, to make a more comprehensive structure.

Searching for Hidden Connections Between the Evolution of Poverty in Developing Countries and Information Technology

In today’s economy, information technology is present in all aspects of life and has the potential to be used for the development of society. The study aims to find hidden connections between the evolution of poverty in developing countries and information technology. The methodology of the study is based on the monitoring of statistical data from the world atlas Knoema, which characterizes the economic development of countries and the level of poverty, as well as data from the International Telecommunication Union, which characterizes the level of development of information technology in countries around the world. As a result of the study, the evolutionary changes of gross domestic product and the development of information technology were traced, with the subsequent establishment of a relationship between them, confirmed on the basis of the method of rating scores. Finally, a comparative analysis was made to identify the causal links between the evolution of poverty and information technology through the precise indicators that Knoema and the International Telecommunication Union collect to trace the regulatory environment within a country such as the affordability of ICT services, ICT literacy, and the poverty rate. It was found that despite the availability of information technology price policy in developing countries and the uneven growth of GDP mainly in post-Soviet countries, except for the period of the COVID-19 crisis, gaps were identified in the form of low or no ICT literacy at poverty thresholds of 3.8–9.8%. This demonstrates the hidden links between poverty and population’s practical knowledge of information technology, and may constrain the socio-economic development of developing countries. The findings can be used by policymakers as a tool to combat poverty, and are also useful to scholars and economists who work on the digitalization of the population and inclusive education.

Composite indices for the evaluation of a country's information technology development level: Extensions of the IDI of the ITU

A valid assessment of the development status of information and telecommunication technologies (ICT) at the country level is of vital importance because a nation's ICT achievement level is a significant driver of its socio-economic change. A widely used means for such assessments is the ICT Development Index (IDI) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is a composite measure, which generates country scores from the weighted addition of 11 indicators. Unfortunately, the IDI and many other proposals for similar composite measures suffer from two shortcomings. First, they take the index scoring as an end in itself and do not construe an index in a way which maximizes its capability to predict a specific outcome criterion that translates into socio-economic achievements of a nation. Second, individual indicator and sub-index weights are frequently subjective estimates or are based on inadequate quantitative measurement models. The present work addresses both issues. It applies partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) to compute aggregation weights for the 11 individual indicators and the three sub-indices of the ITU's IDI in a way that the association between the modified IDI and a chosen socio-economic target criterion – gross domestic product per capita change – is maximized. Both formative and reflective measurement models are used in calculating target-related indicator and sub-index weights and resulting total modified IDI scores for 137 countries for 2012. Whereas indicator and sub-index weights of the reflectively measured modified IDI are similar to the weights proposed by the ITU, substantial weight deviations are detected for the formatively measured modified IDI. At the sub-index level, the access subscale had a considerably lower and the use subscale a considerably higher weight in the formative specification than in the reflective model. At the indicator level, much higher formative weights are assigned to “percentage of households with Internet access” and “percentage of individuals using the Internet”. The two different measurement specifications are taken to calculate and compare modified overall IDI scores and resulting ranks for the sampled 137 countries. We conclude that weights of the individual indicators and the sub-indices in the IDI as suggested by the ITU may not be ideal if the target is to construct an index which is as closely as possible related to GDP per capita growth.

Performance evaluation of production of IT capital goods across OECD countries: A stochastic frontier approach to Malmquist index

As integrated supply chains, ubiquitous computing, and mobile applications have become the backbone for conducting business nowadays, the economic significance of information technology (IT) is self-evident. In this paper, we study IT value from an unconventional perspective: the production of IT capital goods. Using the true fixed-effects model of translog stochastic production frontier, we evaluate the performance of IT industries for 19 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over the period of 2000 to 2009. We examine the productivity growth of these IT industries based on the Malmquist index and further analyze these productivity patterns through technological change and efficiency change. Overall, these IT industries are found to enjoy greater productivity growth than other industries when compared with previous findings. Our results show that technological progress is the main driver of productivity growth for the IT industry, efficiency change has a negligible effect, and each country's IT industry exhibits a distinctive performance profile. Policy implications are drawn from our results and related issues are identified for future research. We also highlight the advance of research methodology used in the study that can account for measurement errors, random fluctuations, and unobserved heterogeneity commonly encountered in empirical information systems research.

Factors influencing health information technology adoption in Thailand's community health centers: Applying the UTAUT model

Background One of the most important factors for the success of health information technology (IT) implementation is users’ acceptance and use of that technology. Thailand has implemented the national universal healthcare program and has been restructuring the country's health IT system to support it. However, there is no national data available regarding the acceptance and use of health IT in many healthcare facilities, including community health centers (CHCs). This study employed a modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) structural model, to understand factors that influence health IT adoption in community health centers in Thailand and to validate this extant IT adoption model in a developing country health care context. Methods An observational research design was employed to study CHCs’ IT adoption and use. A random sample of 1607 regionally stratified CHC's from a total of 9806 CHCs was selected. Data collection was conducted using a cross-sectional survey by means of self-administered questionnaire with an 82% response rate. The research model was applied using the partial least squares (PLS) path modeling. Results The data showed that people who worked in CHCs exhibited a high degree of IT acceptance and use. The research model analyses suggest that IT acceptance is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and voluntariness. Health IT use is predicted by previous IT experiences, intention to use the system, and facilitating conditions. Conclusions Health IT is pervasive and well adopted by CHCs in Thailand. The study results have implications for both health IT developmental efforts in Thailand and health informatics research. This study validated the UTAUT model in the field context of a developing country's healthcare system and demonstrated that the PLS path modeling works well in a field study and in exploratory research with a complex model.

Making IT: The Rise of Asia in High Tech (review)

Reviewed by: Making IT: The Rise of Asia in High Tech Rudi Volti (bio) Making IT: The Rise of Asia in High Tech. Edited by Henry S. Rowen, Marguerite Gong Hancock, and William F. Miller. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2007. Pp. xviii+388. $30. The early twenty-first century is awash with IT (information technology) products manufactured in Asia. My situation is typical; without leaving my desk I was able to note that my cell phone had been made in Korea and the CD player originated in China, as did the keyboard and flat-panel display of my computer. I refrained from disassembling the computer, but it is likely that the disc drive came from Singapore and that the majority of its innards were produced in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, while its operating system and applications probably were developed in part by Indian programmers. How all of this came about is detailed in Making IT: The Rise of Asia in High Tech. In narrating the causes of Asia's accomplishments,Making IT includes chapters covering Taiwan, Singapore, Korea, China, and India, while Japan gets two chapters and two appendixes. There is also an introductory chapter and separate chapters discussing the role of government, universities, and venture capital. The chapters covering individual countries pack in a lot of detail—more perhaps than many readers need or want to absorb. These can be slow going in places because, as with academic and business-press literature on IT, readers have to put up with a vast array of acronyms. Also, for those not intimately familiar with the international IT industry, the large number of individual firms cited in various parts of the text can be a distraction from the main narrative. After perhaps feeling a bit dazed by the plethora of information contained in these chapters, readers will appreciate the following ones that synthesize the country-by-country narratives. As these make evident, there has been a great deal of variation in the policies, strategies, and historical experiences of the countries, confirming a caution presented early in the book that "Those looking for an explicit model that accounts for how Asia rose will be disappointed" (p. x). Not only has a single model been absent, there have been marked divergences in the basic components of each country's IT strategies. For example, direct foreign investment was actively blocked for many years in India, Korea, and Japan, yet it has been an essential element in the development of IT industries in China, Singapore, and Taiwan. [End Page 481] There also has been considerable variation in the importance of venture capital and the strength of linkages between universities and IT firms. One of the most contentious issues in accounting for the success of the Asian IT industry has been the role of government. Here, again, there has been considerable variation. The simplest and safest generalization is that none of these countries has taken a laissez-faire approach. The only East Asian country whose government has remained largely passive has been Hong Kong, and not coincidentally Hong Kong has been an insignificant player in the IT industry. At the same time, however, governments have nurtured the development of their IT industries in their own way. To cite two examples, the Korean government provided a host of financial incentives so that well-established large firms (chaebol) could plunge headfirst into IT; in contrast, the development of Taiwan's IT industry has for the most part been the work of small and medium-sized firms, but many of them have benefited greatly from being located in the government-sponsored Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park. Whatever its sources, the overall success of the Asian IT industry is indisputable. Still, the question must be asked:Will Asian countries be able to take a leading role in the creation of IT in addition to developing and adapting technologies that originated elsewhere? This issue is most evident in Asia's most mature industrial economy, Japan, where entrenched large-scale firms have effectively developed and marketed incremental innovations, but have a mediocre record in regard to cutting-edge technologies. Other countries that have come later to the IT industry may not have...

Adjustment in India's Textile and Apparel Industry: Reworking Historical Legacies in a Post-MFA World

India, a late integrator in the global market for clothing, has followed a path to integration that is quite different from the experience of some of its major competitors. Unlike China, Mexico, Eastern Europe, and other South Asian countries, India's recent surge in clothing exports has occurred despite the lack of major foreign direct investment in textile and apparel production, the lack of entry into preferential regional trade agreements with buyer countries, or the lack of any significant direct role of global buyers. Arguing that changes in domestic policy and in the structure of domestic demand throughout the 1980s and 1990s played an important role in triggering new growth in India's textiles and apparel exports, and in reshaping the capabilities of local firms, I examine three features of India's recent integration into global clothing markets: the striking emergence of design as a source of comparative advantage in Indian apparel, the growing importance of outward-bound investment by Indian clothing firms in recent years, and the powerful new role that retail is playing in organizing the Indian domestic market, driven in part by surging consumer demand from entirely new mid-market youth segments associated with the country's information technology–business process outsourcing boom.

Factors contributing to IT industry success in developing countries: The case of Thailand

A stream of research exists that explores a country's information technology (IT) industry success. The theoretical model used in these studies is primarily focused on small developed countries. We contend that the factors that contribute to IT industry success in developing countries are likely to differ somewhat from those that play a role in small developed countries. Research to date on IT industry success has neglected developing countries. This study therefore presents an alternative IT industry success model for developing countries. It adapts Ein-dor, Myers, and Raman's (1997) model in developing such a conceptual model. The adapted framework is then applied in a study of IT industry in a developing country—Thailand. We found IT-related foreign direct investment to be vital to IT industry success in Thailand. Unlike findings from earlier studies on small developed countries, geographical location and to a lesser extent government investment promotion policies are also important to IT industry success in a developing country. These findings support the view that there are differences in the factors that affect IT industry success in developed and developing countries. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lost in the sky: the Koreasat project

The Koreasat project is an ambitious plan by the South Korean government to promote its competitiveness in the global broadcasting market and to challenge the growing influences of transnational DBS among its audiences. After reviewing the background, process of development, and current status of the Koreasat project, this study discusses major problems and limitations of the project's policy-making perspective. The conflicts among the participants, hardware-oriented expansion, as well as the unbalanced focus on globalization ideology are just a few examples. The case study of the South Korean DBS Koreasat project highlights the factors deciding the success and failure of implementing new information technology in countries with limited linguistic reach and market size.

Singapore: a case study in international telecommunications technology transfer

The adoption of computer technology by a large public agency in Singapore is examined. The focus is on the organizational adjustments undertaken by the user agency to support implementation of the country's information technology policy in one of the developing world's most advanced telecommunications systems. Practical lessons that emerge from the Singapore experience are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>