Counterfeit Money Research Articles

A Holistic Review on Impact of Demonetization on Animal Husbandry Sector

The impact created in the year 2016 by demonetization policy on India's animal husbandry industry analyse different effects which are critically analysed using different studies. The goal of demonetization, which invalidated ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes, was to suppress corruption, burden the use of counterfeit money, and encourage online transactions [1,2]. Animal husbandry holds as strongest pillar of India's rural economy, and the current study of demonetization examines the short- and long-term effects on it. The short term effects like Price volatility, lack of liquidity, and decreased market demand particularly impacted small-scale livestock, dairy, and poultry producers [3]. The studies also suitably reveal that farmers faced many significant challenges, including loss of livelihood, disrupted supply chains, and restricted access to banking facilities, increased debt, and limited farm investments [4]. The Long-term effects included a rise in the use of formal banking, a move toward digital payments, and structural modifications to cooperatives. The present agriculture and allied industries scenario, which mainly depends on cash transactions, experienced significant disruptions in labor payments, input procurement, and livestock sales etc [2]. The report also assesses government actions, such as initiatives to promote digital payments, sector-specific relief programs, and financial inclusion The policy recommends the need for more efforts to raise digital literacy in rural communities, improved rural banking infrastructure in order to improve the sector's adaptability to future economic uncertainties [5,3].

Various Applications of Gadolinium Molybdate Down‐Conversion and Up‐Conversion Fluorescent Nanoparticles

AbstractCrystalline α‐Gd2(MoO4)3 is synthesized by sintering at 800 °C using a coprecipitation method to prepare the precursor. The resulting α‐Gd2(MoO4)3 displayed a monocrystalline structure with a strong main peak (‐221) in the X‐ray diffraction signal. To develop a light‐emitting material, rare earth ions are added during synthesis. By doping with Tb3+ and Eu3+, the Gd2(MoO4)3 down‐conversion phosphor shows potential for use in UV–LED chips, counterfeit money prevention, and fingerprint identification. Additionally, co‐doping with [Er3+]/[Yb3+] and [Ho3+]/[Yb3+] ions produce green and red emissions when applied to a 980 nm LED chip, useful for anti‐counterfeit ink. The magnetic properties of gadolinium are leveraged to confirm magnetic resonance imaging luminescence. A flexible composite for heat detection and explored various applications for its use is also developed.

Legal Analysis Of Handling The Criminal Acts Of Circulation And Use Of Counterfeit Rupiah Curriculum

This thesis discusses the handling of criminal acts of using and circulating counterfeit rupiah banknotes, with a focus on law enforcement efforts by the Riau Islands Regional Police. This research is motivated by the increasing cases of counterfeit rupiah banknotes in the Riau Islands which cause significant losses to the community and threaten regional economic stability. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement carried out by local police, as well as to identify and overcome obstacles faced in the process. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies. The sample of this study consisted of police officers, legal experts, and victims of counterfeiting money. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques to interpret the collected data, based on the framework of the theory of legal certainty from Sudikno Mertokusumo, the theory of legal systems from Lawrence M. Friedman, and the theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). The results show that law enforcement against rupiah counterfeiting in the Riau Islands faces several major obstacles, including limited resources, inter-agency coordination problems, and a lack of adequate training for law enforcement officers.The suggestions resulting from this study include increasing the allocation of resources, both in the form of equipment and training for officers, as well as strengthening cooperation between institutions involved in law enforcement, to increase effectiveness in identifying, preventing, and cracking down on the crime of using and circulating counterfeit money.

Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Upaya Penegakkanhukum dalam Mengatasi Penyebaran Uang Palsu

In this case, the author looks at several social facts that occur where the application of the law is not in accordance with the crime committed because imprisonment for a maximum of 1 year with a fine of 200,0000.ooo.00 (two hundred million rupiah) is not commensurate with the loss to the state's economy, therefore There must be adjustments to sanctions so that criminals who distribute counterfeit money can be deterred so as not to cause problems that are detrimental to both the state and society. The method applied in this article uses normative juridical law by collecting data such as laws, according to experts and journals that are in line with With the title of this scientific article, the conclusion of this scientific work is that the circulation of counterfeit money is very detrimental from various aspects, in terms of the country's economy, society and banking. The author's suggestion is to implement sanctions that provide a deterrent effect for perpetrators of the crime of circulating counterfeit money.

Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Pemidanaan Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pengedaran Mata Uang Palsu

The purpose of this research is first to find out how the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of the crime of circulating counterfeit currency is? and secondly, what are the judges' legal considerations in deciding cases of criminal acts of circulating counterfeit currency? In order to answer these problems, normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches are used. Data collection was carried out by means of literature and field studies, then the data were analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of the research and discussion it was concluded that the defendant's form of criminal responsibility against the defendant Hendi Setio who was proven to have committed the crime of counterfeiting currency was imprisonment for 2 years and 6 months and a fine of IDR 100,000,000. In deciding the case the judge has considered the juridical, sociological, and philosophical aspects. Based on these conclusions, it is hoped and suggested that socialization or counseling be carried out on the characteristics of genuine rupiah currency to the public so that it is hoped that the circulation of counterfeit money will decrease. In addition, the judge in imposing a sentence must always pay attention to the purpose of punishment by fulfilling a sense of justice for both the convict, the victim and the wider community.

Analisa Pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang Pembatasan Transaksi Uang Kartal

The Bill on the Limitation of Cartal Money Transactions (RUU PTUK) is a regulation regarding the limitation of cartal money transactions to 100 million rupiah in a day either in one transaction or several times, more than that must use digital money. The purpose of this bill is to reduce circulation and emphasize counterfeit money and reduce corruption activities. This paper aims to identify the problems and impacts of the passage of the PTUK Bill on corruption and money politics in Indonesia. The PTUK Bill in its application requires public participation to support the PTUK Bill, besides that the public needs to understand the consequences of money politics on the sustainability of government.

Verinote - Fake Currency Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network

The proliferation of counterfeit money poses a significant threat to financial systems and economies worldwide. To solve this problem, advanced technological solutions have emerged, such as the counterfeit money detection system “FCDS”. The system leverages advanced image processing, machine learning and data analysis techniques to identify counterfeit bills accurately and effectively [1]. FCDS works by analyzing various security features found on legal tender, including watermarks, security chains, holograms and microprinting. Using image recognition and pattern analysis, the system distinguishes between real and fake money. Machine learning algorithms play a central role in training systems to recognize the subtle nuances that counterfeiters try to reproduce. FCDS can be deployed in a variety of contexts, from banks and financial institutions to retail businesses, providing a robust and scalable solution to combat counterfeiting [1]. By quickly identifying fraudulent notes, it helps prevent economic loss and maintain the integrity of financial transactions. This summary describes the nature of counterfeit currency detection systems and its importance in maintaining financial security and confidence. Its integration into modern banking and commerce systems represents an important step towards a counterfeit-proof financial ecosystem.

Detection Tool for Authenticity and Nominal of Banknotes for the Blind Using Arduino Based Scanning Sensor

Money is a tool used to carry out buying and selling transactions and has been used by all humans in every corner of the world. This definitely makes money a basic commodity for everyone, even for people with disabilities such as the blind. The blind's limitations in seeing are a problem in terms of communication so they only rely on their sense of touch and hearing. The weakness of the blind in seeing and identifying money can cause money to be exchanged, taken wrongly, or even deceived by counterfeit money when buying and selling. Referring to this, it is necessary to have tools that can make it easier for the blind to identify the authenticity of money and the nominal value of money. The aim of this research is to design a tool that can be used to detect the authenticity of the nominal value of Rupiah banknotes. This tool uses a TCS3200-DB color sensor to detect the color of banknotes, then the microcontroller converts it into RGB data and outputs it in the form of sound output.and an ultraviolet sensor to detect the authenticity of money.The result of this research is that the system can recognize the authenticity and nominal value of moneypaper, especially rupiah. This makes it easier for users, especially the visually impaired, to carry out buying and selling transactions so they don't make mistakesto give or receive money.

Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard as a Digital Payment Solution to Increase the Turnover and Reduce the Circulation of Counterfeit Money

Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard as a Digital Payment Solution to Increase the Turnover and Reduce the Circulation of Counterfeit Money

Classification & Detection of Banknotes Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The only valuable resource in our country is bank currency, which is why money launderers inject fake notes that mimic genuine notes into the financial system to create imbalances. When the market is demonetized, there is a discernible quantity of counterfeit money floating about. In most cases, a human cannot easily tell the difference between a genuine note and a counterfeit one, even when many of the features of a counterfeit note are the same. Automated systems must beaccessible at banks or ATMs in order to identify bank currency authenticity. Since counterfeit banknotes are meticulously crafted, an effective algorithm that can determine whether a note is real or false must be createdin order to create such an automated system. In this study,we use a dataset from the UCI machine learning repository to apply the CNN algorithm. In order to put this into practice, we used machine learning algorithms and evaluated how well they performed using a range of quantitative analytical metrics.

Detection of Fake Currency Using Machine Learning

Counterfeiting of currency is a growing problem due to advancements in color printing technology, impacting economies worldwide. Fake money is often used for criminal activities, including terrorism. Research indicates that developing countries, like India, are particularly affected. One solution proposed involves analyzing the image of counterfeit currency through pre-processing steps such as converting from RGB to grayscale. This approach aims to tackle the issue of counterfeit currency circulation effectively. After converting the text, the image is divided into sections, its characteristics are assessed, relationships are identified, and a decision is made to determine if the image is authentic or counterfeit. Counterfeit currency continues to be a notable problem. Financial institutions and other establishments have the necessary resources to confirm the legitimacy of money. However, the average person does not have access to such equipment, making it essential to have counterfeit money detection software that can be used by anyone. This study achieves a maximum accuracy of 81% when analyzing 50 Indian currency notes with a denomination of 2000 rupees. This initiative offers a comprehensive overview of a counterfeit detection system that is accessible to the general public. The proposed system uses image processing to distinguish real currency from counterfeit money. The entire software has been developed using the Python programming language. Key Words: Fake Currency, Counterfeit, Denomination, Python, Machine Learning,

Kejahatan Pengedaran Uang Kertas Palsu menurut Pasal 245 KUHP

The circulation of counterfeit money is not a simple, independent event, but is the result of various factors which coincidentally become a phenomenon that is very detrimental to all parties involved and also detrimental to the country in improving development. The circulation of counterfeit money is not a simple, independent event, but is the result of various factors which coincidentally become a phenomenon that is very detrimental to all parties involved and also detrimental to the country in improving development. In connection with the above, Law no. 1 of 1946 Articles 9 and 10 and also uses the mandate of the Criminal Code, especially Article 245 regarding the circulation of counterfeit banknotes in Indonesia. The basis for issuing the law is because money is a legal means of payment and is issued by Bank Indonesia and money as a means of exchange that has a fixed price can help a person fulfill various needs and achieve life goals that are considered important. However, in practice, the circulation of counterfeit money increases every year.

‘LOOBAN’: A MULTIPLE-CASE STUDY ON DELINQUENCY OF TEENAGERS SHAPED BY DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES

Young people engage in delinquent behavior. It covers crimes against persons, crimes against things, crimes against public order, and drug offenses. Delinquent behavior is, therefore, an unmanageable activity that affects the community. This research presents the different experiences of three delinquent teenagers whose dysfunctional families shaped them in a community called “Sitio Looban” in the Philippines. This study utilized a qualitative multiple-case study to understand and describe the different stories of each participant-case. The study sought to answer the research questions about the family factors that contribute to the delinquency of teenagers, their delinquent experiences, and their feelings and thoughts as delinquent teenagers. The researchers used an in-depth interview to gather the necessary data from the informants. Within-case and cross-case analysis were used to analyze the data, wherein emerging themes were created to describe the family factors that contributed to the delinquency of the teenagers, which include broken family, poor parenting, home discord vis-à-vis peer influence, child neglect, poor family, and family binge drinking. Emerging themes were also created to discuss the delinquent experiences of teenagers, which involve theft, using counterfeit money, and gambling cheating. There were also emerging themes created to describe the feelings and thoughts of the delinquent teenagers, which include: unconditional love and support, happiness towards friendship, regrets, fear, embarrassment, and hatred and anger. This study supports the Strain Theory and Social Control Theory, which explain that negative relationships with family lead to delinquent behaviors in teenagers. Implications for practice and future researchers are provided in this paper.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0737/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Integrate Yolov8 Algorithm For Rupiah Denomination Detection In All-In-One Smart Cane For Visually Impaired

The eyes are crucial tools for human observation and perception, facilitating various tasks in daily life. Individuals, including those with visual impairments or blindness, engage in currency transactions, posing challenges in recognizing notes and preventing mishaps with counterfeit money. Despite government efforts, features like embossing on banknotes have limited effectiveness due to the circulated currency's disheveled condition. Addressing the visually impaired community's needs is imperative. An innovative solution, the "all-in-one smart white cane," integrated with machine learning supports daily activities, enhancing independence for visually impaired individuals. The YOLOv8 algorithm is employed for the precise detection of monetary denominations, subsequently recorded through a camera and seamlessly integrated into a smart cane, resulting in a consolidated device. This device, designed with standout features, excels in detecting Indonesian Rupiah banknote denominations. Detection performance testing, incorporating methods like object rotation, utilized a dataset divided into training (70%), validation (20%), and test (10%) segments. Modifications to contrast and variability rotation are essential in the context of real-time nomination recognition. These adjustments are implemented to ensure accurate and swift identification in dynamic, real-world scenarios. Testing results reveal a 99% average accuracy in recognizing currency note denominations, presenting an effective solution for the visually impaired community.

PENANGANAN HUKUM DALAM MENGUNGKAP PENGEDARAN UANG PALSU DI KARANGANYAR TAHUN 2021 (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 104/PID.B/2021/PN KRG)

The crime of circulating counterfeit money in the Karanganyar District Court Decision Number 104/Pid.B/2021/PN Karanganyar stated that the defendant Vincentinus Alias Uwak in Rusman was legally and conclusively proven guilty of the crime of circulating counterfeit rupiah notes. This paper aims to determine the handling of the Police in uncovering the circulation of counterfeit money in Karanganyar Regency, as well as to find out the consideration of the Karanganyar District Court Judges on the Crime of Counterfeit Money Circulation Based on Decision Number 104/Pid.B/2021/PN Krg. This research uses a normative juridical approach. The results showed that based on the consideration of the Panel of Judges according to Article 36 paragraph 3 of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency, circulating or spending Counterfeit Rupiah Notes is against the law.

TINJAUAN KRIMINOLOGI TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN UANG (Studi Putusan Nomor 1266/PID.B/2023/PN.MDN)

Money is central to society's economic life as a means of transactions and settlement of obligations. However, the negative impact of the increase in counterfeiting crimes is not only detrimental to individuals in society but can also disrupt the economic stability of a country. This research aims to identify the factors that influence the criminal act of circulating counterfeit money, understand the judge's considerations in making decisions regarding the case and analyze the illegal law policies implemented in prevention efforts. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with case studies. Number 1266/Pid.B/2023/PN.Mdn. The findings of this research indicate that the influencing factors involve economic aspects, technological environment, and education. The judge's consideration in the decision refers to juridical, philosophical and sociological aspects. The criminal law policies related to the circulation of counterfeit money include regulations in the Criminal Code and Law No. 7 of 2011. The hope is that these findings can provide a holistic view regarding preventing the circulation of counterfeit money and become an essential reference in the development of criminal law science.

Doctrinal research regarding criminal liability for the production or putting into circulation of counterfeit money signs or counterfeit securities

Scientific ideas and conceptions of undeniable value regarding offenses, which are provided by the art. 236 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, were developed by: V. Berliba; S. Brinza; R. Cojocaru; L. Girla; C. Gurschi; V. Stati; Yu. Tabarcea (Republic of Moldova); F. Duvac; N. Neagu; I. M. Rusu (Romania); V. Ivashchenko; I. M. Mihailov; I. V. Syngaivska (Ukraine); I. E. Maksimova (Russia). These doctrinaires mainly focus on the penal issues of production or putting into circulation of counterfeit money signs or counterfeit securities, which cannot be ignored in the process of perceiving the juridical nature of criminal liability for production or putting into circulation of counterfeit money signs or counterfeit securities.

Detection of Fake Currency Using Machine Learning Models

The goal of this research is to determine whether a given cash sample is genuine or counterfeit. Based on the colours, widths, and serial numbers described, several conventional procedures and methods exist for identifying counterfeit cash. Image processing proposes a number of machine learning techniques with a false-identity detection success rate of 99.9 percent for paper cash in today's era of modern computing. In algorithm-based techniques for detection and identification, various entities such as color, form, paper width, and image filtering on the note play a crucial role. This research proposes the application of K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) followed by image processing as an effective method for spotting counterfeit money. KNN is favored for use in computer vision problems due to its outstanding accuracy, particularly when dealing with small datasets. This approach leverages the strengths of KNN in handling limited data to enhance the precision and reliability of counterfeit money detection. The accurate facts and information on entities and attributes associated to currency have been compiled in this banknote authentication dataset, which was developed using advanced computational and mathematical methodologies. AI calculations and picture handling are utilized for information handling and information extraction to accomplish an elevated degree of exactness and accuracy.

Derrida’s Donner – le temps Session 6: what this previously unpublished session teaches us about Given Time: I

Abstract Derrida’s Given Time: I. Counterfeit Money is one of his most celebrated works, though Volume II only came out in French in 2021. Volume I ends with Session Five of the seminar while Volume II opens with Seven, with Session Six only seeing the light of day in early 2024. My essay explains this missing session and goes into some detail examining the relationship of Derrida’s project to Kant, briefly mentioned a few times in Volume I, as well as to some of Derrida’s own earlier essays. As Given Time gives us his most concentrated and thorough discussions of the gift, this missing chapter is essential to grasp this important topic.

Penerapan Sensor Warna Gy-31 Sebagai Alat Bantu Tuna Netra Untuk Mengenali Uang Kertas Rupiah Berbasis Arduino

Money is a common means of buying and selling transactions in use around the world. Most human needs can be obtained by using money. Because of the huge human need for money, many irresponsible parties use it to produce and distribute counterfeit money. A blind person has difficulty in reading and distinguishes between real money and counterfeit money. Required a tool that can help blind people to solve this problem. Rupiah money have a color difference on every nominal and hidden image that will glow if irradiated with ultra violet. It can be used to read nominal and authenticity. With Arduino microcontroller that combine with GY-31 color sensor and BH1750 light sensor can be used to create tool that will help the blind people to read and distinguish real money and counterfeit money. This tool is expected blind people will be spared from fraud related to counterfeit money and miss-reading the nominal.