Counseling Analogue Research Articles

Effects of ethnic match, gender match, acculturation, cultural identity, and face concern on self-disclosure in counseling for Asian Americans.

Client self-disclosure is a fundamental and critical process that must occur if counseling is to be successful. This study determined whether ethnic match and gender match affected various aspects of self-disclosure (disclosure of personal values/feelings, private habits, close relationships, and sexual issues) among Asian Americans in a counseling analogue situation. The study also examined whether individual differences in acculturation, cultural identity, and face concern were related to these four types of self-disclosure. Participants first completed the individual difference measures and then listened to an audio recording of a counselor describing himself/herself and what counseling entailed. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental conditions in which they were either matched or not matched on gender and either matched or not matched on their specific Asian ethnicity (e.g., Chinese female listening to a Chinese male counselor constituted the gender mismatch and ethnic match condition). Gender match between participants and counselors facilitated self-disclosure about one’s sex life. There were no ethnic match effects on the various types of self-disclosure. Face concern was a negative predictor of the self-disclosure of private habits, sex life, close relationships, and personal values/ feelings. Implications for counseling clients from shame-based cultures are discussed.

Teaching Counselor Trainees to Identify and Manage Countertransference through a Counseling Analogue

Graduate students in a counseling techniques class wrote a paper discussing their interpersonal reactions in an interview designed as a counseling analogue. In the paper, students described their positive and negative reactions to the interviewee, possible explanations for their reactions, how these reactions might positively and negatively affect their work if this were a counseling client, and how they would manage the countertransference if this were a counseling relationship. The majority of students found the exercise effective at enhancing their understanding of countertransference.

White Counselor Trainees' Racial Identity and Working Alliance Perceptions

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly affect cross‐racial counseling relationships (Helms, 1984, 1995). This study examined the direct impact of White racial identity of 124 counselor trainees on working alliance formation in a same‐racial and cross‐racial vicarious counseling analogue. Regardless of the race of the client, disintegration and reintegration attitudes negatively affected working alliance ratings, and pseudoindependent and autonomy attitudes positively affected working alliance ratings. Implications for counseling, supervision, training, and research are discussed.

Effects of perceived etiology attribution similarity on client ratings of counselor credibility.

An experimental design was used to test the hypothesis that clients who perceived their counselors as holding etiology attributions similar to their own would rate their counselors' credibility higher than clients who perceived their counselors as holding dissimilar attributions. Forty undergraduate volunteers participated as clients in counseling role-plays with 11 graduate student counselors. At the end of the 3-session counseling analogue experience, each client was exposed to a mock counselor questionnaire on which the counselor's etiology attributions were manipulated to either agree or disagree with the client's etiology attributions. Results indicated that clients in the similarity of etiology attribution condition rated their counselors to be more credible sources of help than did clients in the dissimilarity of etiology attribution condition.

Effects of Counselor Disability and Reputation on Client Perceptions During a Career Counseling Session

This study examined the effects of three counselor influence factors—expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness—on participants' impressions of a counselor during a counseling analogue situation. Using a 2 (counselor disability) x 2 (level of training) factorial design, no significant differences were found with respect to counselor social influence. These results are interpreted relative to the literature on perceptions of counselors with physical disabilities.

Effects of racial similarity and interviewer intimacy in a peer counseling analogue.

Effects of racial similarity and interviewer intimacy in a peer counseling analogue.

Effects of racial similarity and interviewer intimacy in a peer counseling analogue.

Effects of racial similarity and interviewer intimacy in a peer counseling analogue.

A Test of Two Competing Explanations for the Attraction‐Enhancing Effects of Counselor Self‐Disclosure

The authors tested two theoretical explanations for the attraction‐enhancing effects of counselor self‐disclosure: the similarity hypothesis and the social exchange hypothesis. A counseling analogue was constructed to discriminate between these two explanations by varying the valence (positive or negative) of the counselor's disclosure and its relevance (relevant or irrelevant) to the client's presenting problem. Dependent variables were perceptions of the counselor's attractiveness, empathy, and level of regard for the client. Results were mixed, supporting the social exchange explanation for empathy and the similarity explanation for level of regard.

Effects of Expertise and Issue Involvement on Perceptions of Counseling

The variable of counselor expertise has yielded conflicting effects upon clients' attitudes and behaviors. In an attempt to account for previous inconsistencies, the present study attempted to validate the elaboration likelihood model (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1981) of persuasion in a counseling analogue setting. The interaction of level of subjects' involvement and counselor expertise upon perceptions of a counseling interview were investigated. Three hypotheses for high-quality proattitudinal messages were partially supported. First, subjects who were exposed to a highly credible counselor and were highly involved expressed more agreement and listed fewer negative thoughts in regard to the way the interview was conducted than did highly involved subjects exposed to a moderately credible counselor. Second, subjects low in involvement expressed more agreement when exposed to a moderately credible counselor than to a highly credible counselor. Third, subjects under conditions of high involvement attended mor...

Matching perceptual predicates: Effect on perceived empathy in a counseling analogue.

Matching perceptual predicates: Effect on perceived empathy in a counseling analogue.

Matching perceptual predicates: Effect on perceived empathy in a counseling analogue.

Matching perceptual predicates: Effect on perceived empathy in a counseling analogue.

Coping styles and competence as mediators of self-reported responses to stress.

This study, a peer counseling analog, was designed to investigate the interaction of cognitive coping style and interpersonal competence on the process of coping with the anticipated threat of conducting a live counseling interview. Level of arousal, self-reported first coping response, the choice of preparatory behaviors, and the final decision to confront or to avoid the threat were measured. Three levels of cognitive response style crossed on two levels of interpersonal competence were compared using 76 inexperienced but motivated college students. Results generally supported the hypothesis that cognitive response style and competence interact in a complex fashion to affect both the level of arousal and the sequence of coping behaviors with stress.

Effects of time limits on the interview behavior of Type A and B persons within a brief counseling analog.

Effects of time limits on the interview behavior of Type A and B persons within a brief counseling analog.

Effects of time limits on the interview behavior of Type A and B persons within a brief counseling analog.

Effects of time limits on the interview behavior of Type A and B persons within a brief counseling analog.

Matched versus unmatched primary representational systems and their relationship to perceived trustworthiness in a counseling analogue.

Matched versus unmatched primary representational systems and their relationship to perceived trustworthiness in a counseling analogue.

Matched versus unmatched primary representational systems and their relationship to perceived trustworthiness in a counseling analogue.

Matched versus unmatched primary representational systems and their relationship to perceived trustworthiness in a counseling analogue.

Generalizing from counseling analogue research on subjects' perceptions of counselors.

Generalizing from counseling analogue research on subjects' perceptions of counselors.

Generalizing from counseling analogue research on subjects' perceptions of counselors.

Generalizing from counseling analogue research on subjects' perceptions of counselors.

Trustworthiness and influence: A reexamination in an extended counseling analogue.

Trustworthiness and influence: A reexamination in an extended counseling analogue.

Trustworthiness and influence: A reexamination in an extended counseling analogue.

Trustworthiness and influence: A reexamination in an extended counseling analogue.