Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Research Articles

TEX13B is essential for metabolic reprogramming during germ cell differentiation.

What is the functional significance of Tex13b in male germ cell development and differentiation? Tex13b regulates male germ cell differentiation by metabolic reprogramming during spermatogenesis. Studies in mice and humans suggest that TEX13B is a transcription factor and is exclusively expressed in germ cells. We sequenced the coding regions of TEX13B in 628 infertile men and 427 ethnically matched fertile control men. Further, to identify the molecular function of Tex13b, we created a Tex13b knockout and conditional overexpression system in GC-1spg (hereafter, GC-1) cells. Our recent exome sequencing study identified novel candidate genes for male infertility. TEX13B was found to be one of the potential candidates, hence we explored the role of TEX13B in male infertility within a large infertile case-control cohort. We performed functional analyses of Tex13b in a GC-1 cell line using CRISPR-Cas9. We differentially labelled the cell proteins by stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and performed mass spectrometry-based whole-cell proteomics to identify the differential protein regulation in knockout cells compared to wild-type cells. We found that Tex13b knockout leads to downregulation of the OXPHOS complexes and upregulation of glycolysis genes, which was further validated by western blotting. These results were further confirmed by respirometry analysis in Tex13b knockout cells. Further, we also performed a conditional overexpression of TEX13B in GC-1 cells and studied the expression of OXPHOS complex proteins by western blotting. We identified a rare variant, rs775429506 (p.Gly237Glu), exclusively in two non-obstructive-azoospermia (NOA) men, that may genetically predispose these men for infertility. Further, we demonstrated that Tex13b functions in the transcription regulation of OXPHOS complexes. N/A. We examined the function of Tex13b in GC-1 in vitro by knocking out and conditional overexpression, for understanding the function of Tex13b in germ cells. Unfortunately, this could not be replicated in either an animal model or in patient-derived tissue due to the non-availability of an animal model or patient's testis biopsies. This study identified that Tex13b plays an important role in male germ cell development and differentiation. The findings of this study would be useful for screening infertile males with spermatogenic failure and counselling them before the implementation of assisted reproduction technique(s). Funding was provided by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) under the network project (BSC0101 and MLP0113) and SERB, the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (J C Bose Fellowship: JCB/2019/000027). The authors do not have any competing interest.

A R&D productivity model to achieve self-sustainability for public funded/CSIR R&D laboratories, India

Purpose The paper develops a model for enhancing R&D productivity for Indian public funded laboratories. The paper utilizes the productivity data of five Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories for analysis and to form the constructs of the model.Design/methodology/approach The weighted average method was employed for analyzing the rankings of survey respondents pertaining to the significant measures enhancing R&D involvement of researchers and significant non-R&D jobs. The authors have proposed a model of productivity. Various individual, organizational and environmental constructs related to the researchers working in the CSIR laboratories have been outlined that can enhance R&D productivity of researchers in Indian R&D laboratories. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to find the predictability of the productivity model.Findings The organizational factors have a crucial role in enhancing the R&D outputs of CSIR laboratories. The R&D productivity of researchers can be improved through implementing the constructs of the proposed model of productivity.Research limitations/implications The R&D productivity model can be adapted by the R&D laboratories to enhance researchers’ R&D involvement, increased R&D outputs and achieving self-sustenance in long run.Practical implications The R&D laboratories can initiate exercises to explore the most relevant factors and measures to enhance R&D productivity of their researchers. The constructs of the model can function as a guideline to introduce the most preferable research policies in the laboratory for overall mutual growth of laboratory and the researchers.Originality/value Hardly any studies have been found that have focused on finding the measures of enhancing R&D involvement of researchers and the influence of significant time-intensive jobs on researchers’ productivity.

Non-exotic static spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole solution in f (Q, T ) gravity* *MT supported by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for awarding National Fellowship for Scheduled Caste Students (UGC-Ref. No. 201610123801). SG supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, New Delhi, for junior research fellowship (File No. 09/1026(13105)/2022-EMR-I). PKS supported

In this study, we conduct an analysis of traversable wormhole solutions within the framework of linear gravity, ensuring that all energy conditions hold for the entire spacetime. The solutions presented in this paper are derived through a comprehensive analytical examination of the parameter space associated with the wormhole model. This involves considering the exponents governing the redshift and shape functions, as well as the radius of the wormhole throat (), the redshift function value at the throat (), and the model parameters (α and β). Moreover, we establish bounds on these free parameters, which guarantee the satisfaction of the energy conditions throughout spacetime and also provide two solutions. Furthermore, we use the Israel junction condition to observe the stability of a thin-shell around the wormhole. Finally, we calculate the null energy condition criteria as well as the potential for the thin-shell and how it varies with the chosen shape function.

The CD40/CD40 ligand system in linking acute neuroinflammation with chronic progressive demyelination

Abstract CD4+ T cells play critical roles in mediating adaptive immunity and developing protective host immunity by eliminating infectious viruses. CD40 Ligand expressed on CD4+ T cells known to interact with its cognate receptor CD40 expressed on monocyte/macrophage/microglia to induce several immune functions during inflammation and host immunity. Our study aimed to delineate a potential CD4+ T cell-microglia nexus at the cellular and molecular level using CD4−/− and CD40L−/− mice. Results showed that the absence of CD40L renders mice highly susceptible to murine-coronavirus-MHV-A59/RSA59 infection due to reduced microglia/macrophage activation and significantly dampened effector CD4+ T recruitment to the CNS at the acute-adaptive bridging phase of neuroinflammation. CD40L deficiency significantly impaired the priming, expansion, and activation of lymphoid cells in the deep cervical lymph nodes. Additionally, both CD4−/− and CD40L−/− mice presented with severe chronic phase demyelination and axonal pathology in the brain and spinal cord which was correlated with prolonged virus persistence. Results from this study provide exciting information about a critical role of CD40L in mediating RSA59 induced activation of CD4+ T cells in the CLN and their consequent infiltration into CNS in addition to affecting the numbers and activation of monocyte/macrophage/microglia during the acute-adaptive transition phase. CD40-CD40L interaction in linking the innate-acute and chronic-adaptive immune responses may suggest a novel target in designing prophylaxis for virus-induced demyelination and axonal degeneration, in contrast to autoimmune suppression, which holds only for autoimmune mechanisms of inflammatory demyelination. This work was supported by a Department of Biotechnology, India, research grant (BT/PR 20922/MED/122/37/2016). We thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India for providing fellowships to F.S. the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), India for providing fellowship to D.C; and the University Grants Commission (UGC), India, for providing fellowship to M.K.

Assessment of Gender Parity in Faculty Employment at Higher Education Institutions in India

The research is supported and funded by The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Trieste, Italy, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India and National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR), New Delhi, India. Abstract India is one of the countries in South Asia that is striving to fulfill Sustainable Development Goal 5 which is to propagate gender equality. It has achieved gender parity in higher education institution enrolment but not yet in faculty employment. This paper assesses gender parity in employment at higher education institutions in India with focus on teaching faculty and also measures the relationship between the numbers of female junior faculty and numbers of female pass outs at postgraduate level. The data source is AISHE reports from 2010/2011 to 2019/2020. The result shows that increasing numbers of highly educated women in India is in proportion to the number of junior faculty. It however shows that although there is an increasing trend in the number of female junior faculty (with the gender parity gap closing up at this rank) there are few females at senior faculty rank (with a wide gender gap). Statistical analysis shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between female junior faculty and sum of female postgraduate pass out. However, the p-value=0.003 of the combine independent variables (postgraduate pass out) being lower than the significant level (α=0.05) signifies that not all independent variables determine the dependent variable. The assessment of individual p-value of each independent variable shows that only PhD pass out with p-value (0.81) greater than the significant level (α=0.05) determines the numbers of female junior faculty in higher education institutions in India. Gender oriented government policies that will intentionally promote the inclusion of women into full senior faculty rank and other leadership positions is thereby needful. Keywords: Gender parity, female faculty, tertiary education institution, India DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-13-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2022

Soybean Selection Against Cercospora Leaf Blight Disease Caused By Cercospora kikuchii Based on Anatomical Resistance

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is the third food crop commodity after rice and maize in Indonesia. This plant is also known as the most important source of vegetable protein, which is relatively inexpensive, but a decrease in soybean productivity can occur due to infection with disease-causing pathogens, one of is Cercospora kikuchii which causes Cercospora leaf blight (CLB). The research objectives were to determine the anatomical resistance and disease severity of soybean cultivars against CLB. The method was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern; factor 1 being soybean cultivars (Dering, Slamet, Grobogan, Wilis) and factor 2, namely pathogen inoculation (0 conidiospores/mL and 105 conidiospores/mL). Anatomical method preparations using paraffin, staining with 1% safranin. Disease criteria are based on the council of scientific and industrial research (CSIR) assessment method. Data were analysis used analysis of variance (p0.05) and the least significance difference (LSD). The results showed that Dering and Slamet cultivars had the largest cuticle, epidermis, and palisade ratios and the smallest stomata length and width with the largest number of stomata and trichomes compared to Grobogan and Wilis. The disease severity (DS) of the cultivars Dering 14.6%, Slamet 24.64%, Grobogan 24.80% (classified as a resistant with low infection), while Wilis cultivar was 31.08% as a moderately susceptible cultivar with moderate infection. The novelty of soybean cultivar selection against CLB is important and its effectiveness for increasing soybean productivity. Dering, Slamet and Grobogan are likely to be further developed with their resistance to CLB disease.

A rule-based machine learning model for career selection through MBTI personality

Career selection is one of the most important decisions in everyone's life. Being a student it's quite difficult to find the right career as the world is moving so fast and the competition level is too high so it is tough to choose the right job for anyone. According to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) survey report, 40% of students are a bit confused about their career options. The productivity of human resources may reduce if someone chooses the wrong career. Therefore, we need an intelligent system that chooses your career based on a person's personality type. This study creates a personality profile of the person and suggests their best careers list according to their personality type after analysing the text written by the user such as a blog post, essay, or tweet. The main purpose of this project is to work on the text classification method, pre- processing of that dataset and convert it into main features and then train the model on a best-performed classification model. After applying various feature vector combinations and machine learning models that are detailed in this work, accuracies up to 93% were achieved.

Bio-evaluation studies of phytoconstituents- A review of the patents granted and filed by CSIR

Botanicals have become a very important part of our life and are increasingly used as a primary source of actives in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals and personal care products. Extensive studies have been conducted on botanicals to understand their chemical profile and most of them have a history of safe use. Technical advances to isolate the bioactives, determine their molecular structure as well as their mechanism of action has generated considerable data and are available in the form of scientific publications as well as filing of patents. In this review, we aim to present the information pertaining to therapeutic applications of bioactives from different medicinal plants as disclosed in filed and granted patents to one of the largest publicly funded organizations in India namely Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The review also presents an assignee focused analysis and provides insights into the level of patent filing activity in the area of bioactives and the therapeutic applications by CSIR, India. Such information can provide a valuable tool for exploiting a firm’s portfolio of patent holdings to assist decision-makers to identify the most valuable patents; product area or business opportunities among its own patent holdings.

Funding opportunities for higher learning, medical and nursing research in India: An overview.

Medical research is an important aspect of medical education and is required to maintain quality. Funding can assist a researcher in doing extensive research in a certain area by boosting study variables, sample size and use of sophisticated state-of-the-art equipments. India's funding for health research is limited, and only a small percentage of that is used for public health research. Many health professionals have a lot of great ideas for health-related research but do not know where to start looking for financing. A review was created to help medical and nursing professionals to find the correct funding source for their research. There are many governments' organisations in India, which provide funds for research, grants and higher learning research fellowships. We tried to give an overview of some organisations with their benefits. This review includes the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India Alliance, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Health Research (DHR), Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI), and the Nursing Research Society of India (NRSI). This review makes aware health professionals to the funding agency as well as the time of funding and fellowship application.

First Report of Downy Mildew on Sweet Basil Caused By Peronospora belbahrii in India.

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.; Family Lamiaceae) is an annual aromatic and medicinal plant grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India, it is cultivated as a commercial crop on ~8,000 ha. Aerial plant parts and essential oil of sweet basil are used in pharmaceutical, perfumery, food industries and in different formulations of traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicines (Shahrajabian et al. 2020). The leaves have the highest concentrations of secondary metabolites such as terpenes and phenylpropanoids which provide the distinctive aroma (Viuda-Martos et al. 2011). During October 2020, severe foliar disease was observed in experimental fields of sweet basil at Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) in Lucknow, India. Initial symptoms included large, interveinal chlorotic lesions on the adaxial surface of the leaves and black sporulation on the abaxial surface. Within a few days, the abaxial side of leaves turned necrotic, and leaf senescence and defoliation occurred on plants with severe symptoms. Disease incidence was 20 to 30% of plants. The pathogen was characterized morphologically using a light microscope. Sporangiophores were hyaline, dichotomously branched, 186.9 to 423.07 × 6.85 to 9.06 µm and, branched 3 to 5 times with each branch, terminating in two slightly curved branchlets, the longer one 7.05 to 25.31 µm and the shorter one 4.98 to 15.92 µm. Each branchlet had a single sporangium at the tip. Conidia were ellipsoidal to sub-globose, olive-brown in color, and typically measured 25.21 to 33.86 × 17.92 to 26.24 µm, each, without a pedicel. Based on these morphological characteristics, the foliar disease was identified as downy mildew was caused by Peronospora belbahrii (Thines et al. 2009). Eight symptomatic and two asymptomatic plant samples were collected from different locations in the field, and genomic DNA was extracted from the conidia of the eight naturally infected tissues of sweet basil samples as well as leaf tissues from two asymptomatic plants, using the CTAB method. The internal transcribed spacer region was amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Only eight infected samples amplified products of expected size (~ 700 bp) and two asymptomatic samples showed no amplification. Only five amplified PCR products were sequenced (White et al. 1990). All five sequences were identical and were a 98.1% match with five P. belbahrii isolates (MN450330.1, MN308051.1, MH620351.1, KJ960193, and MF693898). The consensus sequence was deposited into the NCBI database (GenBank Accession No. MW689257). Downy mildew caused by P. belbahrii previously has been reported on sweet basil from several countries (Wyenandt et al. 2015). To confirm the pathogenicity of these isolates on sweet basil (cv. CIM-Saumya), 25 - day-old sweet basil plants were sprayed with a suspension (1 × 105 sporangia/ml) of P. belbahrii. All plants were kept in a growth chamber with a 23/18°C diurnal cycle with 65 to 85% relative humidity for 24 h. Non-inoculated plants treated with sterile water served as a control treatment. After 8 days, typical symptoms of downy mildew appeared on all the inoculated plants while non-inoculated plants remained asymptomatic. Inoculated leaves with symptoms consistent of downy mildew were collected and the causal agent again identified as P. belbahrii on the basis of microscopic examination and ITS rDNA sequence data. To our knowledge, this is the first report of downy mildew caused by P. belbahrii on sweet basil in India. The pathogen has a broad host range and may pose a serious threat to the cultivation of this valuable crop in India. Thus, it is pertinent to develop effective control measures to avoid further spread and mitigate economic loss.

Open Access Repositories in the National Knowledge Resource Consortium (NKRC): An Overview of the Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS)

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Department of Science and Technology (DST) institutions have merged and formed National Knowledge Resource Consortium (NKRC) to share e-resources among its member libraries. Licensed resources have been subscribing to National Knowledge Resource Consortium. However, NKRC has been supporting open access to research content. In this connection, many member institutes in the consortium have set up open access repositories. The CSIR-Central acts as a centralized institutional facility and harvester. The main aim of this present study is to examine the total items deposited year- wise (2011-2020), subject-wise (8 core areas), the total number of downloads that happened during 2010-2021, and the study also highlighted the top five authors browsed by users during 2010-2021.

Benzothiazole-Linked Metal-Free Covalent Organic Framework Nanostructures for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Conversion of Phenylboronic Acids to Phenols

R.P. and S.C.S. acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology (DST)-INSPIRE (GAP-0799) and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for their respective senior research fellowships. J.M. acknowledges the CSIR, India, for the CSIR-YSA Research Grant (reference no. HRDG/YSA-19/02/21(0045)/2019) and Focused Basic Research (FBR) Grant under the CLP theme (reference no. 34/1/TD-CLP/NCP-FBR 2020-RPPBDD-TMD-SeMI) for financial support at the CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad. We sincerely thank the Director, CSIR-IICT (Ms. no. IICT/Pubs./2021/311) for providing all of the required facilities to carry out the work.

Cobalt Free Structurally Integrated Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Introduction Rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) having high energy density have been widely used as energy storage device for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs). It is necessary to increase the energy density of LIBs in order to meet future energy requirements. Since energy density depends mainly on positive electrodes, exploration of new positive electrode materials with high specific capacities, good rate capabilities and cycling stabilities become crucial.In this context, positive electrodes, which are composites of Li-rich layered materials (high specific capacity) and spinel materials (high rate capability) attracted intense attention. Li-rich layered positive electrode materials deliver a capacity of ~250 mAh g-1 when charged above 4.5 V[1]. A large irreversible initial capacity is observed, which is attributed to the complete electrochemical activation of Li2MnO3 with the simultaneous removal of oxygen and lithium (“Li2O”) from the crystal lattice[1]. Further, this class of materials exhibits poor rate capability[2]. Spinel-type positive electrodes are marked by its high operating voltage (4.7 V), good cycling stability as well as high rate capability due to the fast Li+ diffusion through its three-dimensional structure, even though it offers a low discharge capacity (about 140 mAh g-1)[4]. Additionally, Fe substitution to the spinel positive electrode materials was found to be effective in improving thermal stability, structural stability as well as electrochemical performance[5]. Further, Fe is cost-effective and is earth abundant[3]. Results and Discussion In the present work, Fe–containing cobalt free structurally integrated (at molecular level) Li-rich layered-spinel positive electrode material was synthesized by sol-gel method. Four different annealing temperatures were selected to get final products. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that obtained composite materials contain spinel (space group Fd-3m) as well as Li-rich layered phases (space group C2/m). Mössbauer spectroscopy experiments revealed the coordination environment and oxidation state of the Fe present in the composite. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance was investigated within the voltage range 2.00 - 4.95 V vs. Li+/Li. The obtained cyclic voltammograms further confirmed the coexistence of Li-rich layered and spinel components in the composites. Selected materials delivered high discharge capacity, close to 200 mAh g-1 and ˃ 90% capacity retention after 50 cycles and will be discussed in detail. Acknowledgement: A.Bhaskar and H. Enale acknowledge the financial support from funding agency, Science and Engineering Board (SERB), New Delhi, India through ECR/2017/002556 program. D. Dixon acknowledges the financial support from funding agency, Science and Engineering Board (SERB), New Delhi, India through Ramanujan Fellowship, under the grant number SB/S2/ RJN-162/2017. A. Surendran is grateful to UGC New Delhi (Ref. no.:63/CSIR-UGC NET DEC. 2017) for the UGC SRF grant and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India. The CIF, CSIR-CECRI is acknowledged for technical support with material characterization. A. Thottungal acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for a senior research fellowship.

Elucidation of Operating Mechanism of BiFeO3 As a Negative Electrode for Na-Ion Batteries Using in Operando XAS Investigation

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining much attention in the global market of rechargeable batteries especially in the field of large-scale electrical energy storage systems. Considering the increasing demand for the efficient energy storage systems, it is necessary to design new electrode materials, which are capable to deliver higher reversible capacity. A wide spectra of positive electrode materials were employed in sodium ion batteries, whereas more development is required in the field of negative electrodes. Anode materials of sodium-ion batteries were mainly classified under insertion, conversion and alloying type materials1. Among the conversion type materials, Perovskite materials have gained significant attention as conversion type anode materials in sodium-ion batteries, owing to the high theoretical capacity possessed by these materials2,3.BiFeO3 is one such perovskite which possess the potential to deliver higher reversible capacity through conversion and alloying reactions4.In the present work, BiFeO3 was synthesized using a sol-gel method. Structural and morphological characterizations were done with X-ray diffraction and Field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. Further, electrochemical studies were carried out in a sodium half-cell in the voltage range 0.01-3.00 V vs. Na+/Na. In the cyclic voltammogram, pronounced difference is observed between the first and subsequent cycles and to understand the reason behind this, elucidation of operating mechanism is required. In situ/ex situ XRD techniques are usually not sufficient to get information regarding the operating mechanism of conversion type electrode materials as these converts into metallic nanoclusters (without a long-range order) distributed in Na2O matrix during the insertion of Na+ ions. Hence, in this work, element specific X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) technique was applied to elucidate the oxidation state and coordination environment changes of BiFeO3 during cycling in a sodium half-cell. Evidences for the electrochemical activity of Bi through conversion reaction (Bi3+ - Bi0) and alloying reaction (with metallic Na) during first discharge was obtained from XAS results. Further, involvement of Fe in the charge storage mechanism through conversion of its oxidized (Fe3+) form to metallic Fe was also observed, which is absent in previous literature reports. In the subsequent charging, reversible dealloying and subsequent oxidation of Bi and oxidation of Fe were noted. The Bi LIII edge and Fe K edge XAS results during second discharge reveals that similar conversion and alloying reactions occur as in the case of first discharge by reduction of Bi and Fe oxides. However, Fe and Bi oxides exists in different oxidation states at the end of first charge than in pristine BiFeO3.In addition to the elucidation of operating mechanism, the electrochemical performance of BiFeO3 was optimized by varying binder and electrolyte compositions. The best electrochemical performance was obtained when Fluoroethylene carbonate was used as an electrolyte additive. Acknowledgement A. Bhaskar gratefully acknowledge financial support from “DST-IISc Energy Storage Platform on Supercapacitors and Power Dense Devices” through the MECSP-2K17 program under grant no. DST/TMD/MECSP/2K17/20”. D. Dixon acknowledges the financial support from funding agency, Science and Engineering Board (SERB), New Delhi, India through Ramanujan Fellowship, under the grant number SB/S2/ RJN-162/2017. A. Surendran is grateful to UGC New Delhi (Ref. no.:63/CSIR-UGC NET DEC. 2017) for the UGC SRF grant and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India. A.T acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for a senior research fellowship and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002. DESY, Hamburg, Germany is acknowledged for the beamtime allocation at the P65 beamline at PETRA III and we acknowledge the beamline scientist Dr. Edmund Welter for the support. The CIF, CSIR-CECRI is acknowledged for technical support with material characterization. Reference [1] Wu, C., Dou, S. X. & Yu, Y. The State and Challenges of Anode Materials Based on Conversion Reactions for Sodium Storage. Small 14, 1–20 (2018).[2] M. Nakayama, H. Ikuta, Y. Uchimoto, M. Wakihara, Changes in local structure during electrochemical Li insertion into A-site deficient perovskite oxides, La1/3NbO3, J. Phys. Chem. B,107(2003)10715-10721[3] M. Kong, K. Liu, J. Ning, J. Zhou, H. Songa, Perovskite framework NH4FeF3/carbon composite nanosheets as a potential anode material for Li and Na ions storage, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5(2017)19280-19288[4] X. Dinga, Y.Liub, Hollow bismuth ferrite combined graphene as advanced anode material for sodium-ion batteries, 30(2020)153-159

1st International Conference on “Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence” (ICMAI-2021)

PREFACE It was a matter of pleasure to organize 1st International Conference on “Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence” (ICMAI-2021) at Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University, Gurugram on 26th and 27th February 2021. The conference was organized in Association of Engineering & Technocrats, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SGT University.The objective of this conference was to provide a common platform to scientists and researchers from all over India for exchanging their knowledge and views to deal with global challenges.The theme of this conference was not only the fundamental technology in the field of engineering science but also can change our society by exploring new horizons and continuous progress. A diverse range of topics from the neural network, digital image processing, machine learning, programmable logic controller, health care, IoT based systems, deep learning, lean manufacturing, abrasive flow machining, welding technology and simulation-based studies are featured in the conference.In addition to that, you will also hear about the incremental forming, automation integration techniques, wireless sensor techniques, non-invasive methods of diagnosis, robot assembly, data mining and various evolutionary algorithms in different applications. I hope, therefore, that you will get a chance to explore recent emerging technologies.We are delighted to deliver special thanks to IOP Publishing as our publication partner to publish the conference proceedings in JPCS. We sincerely thanks to our sponsors Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Human Resource Development Group (HRDG) and ‘Sanranchana’, SGT University Center of Research Innovation.We believe that the conference had provided the opportunity to the students and the young researchers for enriching their knowledge through interaction with eminent researchers from various NITs, IITs, state universities and reputed organizations. We hope that everybody had a great experience at SGT University.List of ORGANIZING COMMITTEE, ADVISORY COMMITTEE, TECHNICAL COMMITTEE and this titles are available in this pdf.

Machine Learning base Student Future Orientation and Recommendation System

As students are rummaging their academics and pursuing their interested courses, they need to assess their capabilities and identify their interests in understanding during which career area their interests and abilities will put them in. With the rise in the number of career paths and opportunities, making this decision has become quite tricky for scholars. In keeping with the survey conducted by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), about 40% of scholars are confused about their career options. This could result in wrong career selection, so working in a field that wasn't meant for them reduces human resource productivity. This project proposes feasible predictions for students' field selection supported by their marks and selection of interest. The system would recommend the scholar a career option that helped their personality trait, interest, and capacity to require up the course. This technique provides students with many career options per their part, self-talent, memorizing power, and most vital per their academic credit score. This technique generates a credit score supported by new government educational policies, helping students settle on correct streams for the longer-term career path.

75th Foundation Day of CSIR-National Physical Laboratory: Celebration of Achievements in Metrology for National Growth

The CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), the National Metrology Institute (NMI) of India, is a premier laboratory, founded on January 04, 1947, under the umbrella of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, Government of India, by an Act of Parliament. It has now completed 74 glorious years after inception and entered into its 75th year, i.e. Platinum Jubilee Year. To commemorate its 75th Foundation Day, the CSIR-NPL organized a National Metrology Conclave (NMC) on January 04, 2021. On this auspicious occasion, the Honourable Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi dedicated the National Atomic Timescale and Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya (BND®)—CRMs to the nation. He also laid the foundation stone of National Environmental Standard Laboratory. He addressed the august gathering in the gracious presence of Honourable Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Harsh Vardhan. Honourable Prime Minister inspired, motivated and appreciated the strides made by Indian Scientists for nation building, especially the role of CSIR-NPL and impact of metrology for self-reliant India. Honourable Minister, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, inaugurated the exclusively designed poster gallery, displaying accomplishments and importance of metrology in the CSIR-NPL campus and released a book entitled, “Metrology for Inclusive Growth of India”. Several of the world metrology leaders also presented their visions, in the NMC, on the role of metrology in societal and industrial growth through online virtual platform. The main emphasis was placed on the importance and impact of the metrology in the success of several initiatives of Government of India, namely ‘AtmaNirbhar Bharat’ (Self-Reliant India), ‘Make in India’, ‘Digital India’, ‘Skill India’, ‘Vocal for Local’, etc. During all these years, the journey of the CSIR-NPL has been wonderful, splendid and magnificent on several aspects of celebrations, pride, recognition, global visibility and its services for the national cause. It has achieved many milestones, developed technologies of national eminence, organised many memorable events, successfully participated in various national missions’ time to time and published considerable amount of literature for knowledge generation in the form of research papers, patents, copyrights, books, monographs, technical peers, Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) and study reports, etc. The successful journey of these glorious years though looks easy, simple, normal and customary but in actual sense, lot of pain staking efforts, huge work, vicissitudes are behind all these accomplishments. The glimpses of the journey of CSIR-NPL from its inception to recently held NMC and the excerpts of addresses made by the dignitaries are also summarized in detail in this article.

Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets using orthodontic and restorative self-etching primer. An in vitro study

Background and Aim: Self-etching primers (SEPs) are used to reduce the chair side time. However, there are different SEPs that are used in orthodontics. This study is aimed to test the shear bond strength of brackets bonded using SEPs used in restorative dentistry in comparison to orthodontic SEPs. Settings and Design: Department of Orthodontics, Post-graduate dental college, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratory, in vitro study. Methods and Material: Seventy-five freshly extracted human maxillary first premolar teeth were used in this study. Orthodontic maxillary first premolar McLaughlin Bennett Trevisi (MBT) metal brackets (3M Unitek) were used to bond the teeth. The study consisted of two groups. Group A: 25 teeth were etched with Orthodontic SEP Transbond Plus (3M Unitek). Group B: Experimental group which is divided into two subgroups, Experimental subgroup a and Experimental subgroup b. Subgroup a: 25 teeth were etched with Restorative purpose SEP Adper SE Plus (3M ESPE). Sub group-b: 25 teeth were etched with Restorative purpose SEP Adper Easy One (3M ESPE). In all the groups, the same adhesive material, Transbond XT (3M Unitek) was used for fixing the brackets. All the 75 teeth were subjected to shear force to test shear bond strength by using Instron machine. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA & Scheffe multiple comparison test were used. Results and Conclusion: Shear bond strength of brackets using orthodontic purpose SEP, Transbond Plus, is more than the SEPs used for restorative purpose, i.e., Adper SE Plus and Adper Easy One. Restorative purpose SEPs are not suitable for orthodontic bonding of brackets. Orthodontic bonding, self-etching primer (SEP), shear bond strength (SBS)

Disseminating the Research Output of Major Indian R & D Organization’s through Open Access Institutional Repositories: Challenges and Opportunities

This study examines the implementation status of institutional repositories (IRs) in Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories. It assesses the level at which CSIR laboratories have updated their publications in IRs to facilitate open access to scholarly publications. The paper discusses the challenges faced by CSIR IRs in maintaining open access and updating content regularly. It identifies publications indexed in the WoS database and also discusses the open access initiatives at CSIR labs. The study suggests an effective strategy for successfully implementing IRs and covering the entire set of publications of CSIR laboratories.

Fragment emission and critical behavior in light and heavy charged systems * *Supported Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India (03 (1388)/16/EMR-II)

We study the emission of fragments in central collisions of light and heavily charged systems of 40Ar+45Sc and 84Kr+197Au, respectively, using the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model as the primary model. The fragments are identified using an energy based clusterization algorithm, i.e., the Simulated Annealing Clusterization Algorithm (SACA). The charge distributions of intermediate mass fragments [3≤ ≤12] are fitted with power-law ( ) and exponential ( ) fits in order to extract the parameters τ and whose minimum values are also sometimes linked with the onset of fragmentation or the critical point for a liquid-gas phase transition. Other parameters such as the normalized second moment , , average size of the second largest cluster , phase separation parameter ( ), bimodal parameter (P), information entropy (H), and Zipf's law are also analyzed to find the exact energy of the onset of fragmentation. Our detailed analysis predicts that an energy point exists between 20-23.1 MeV/nucleon, which is very close to the experimentally observed value of 23.9 MeV/nucleon for the 40Ar+45Sc reaction. We also find that the critical energy deduced using Zipf's law is higher than those predicted from other critical exponents. Moreover, no minimum is found for τ values of the highly charged system of 84Kr+197Au, in agreement with experimental findings and various theoretical calculations. We observe that the QMD + SACA model calculations are in agreement with the experimental observations. This agreement supports our results regarding the energy point of the liquid-gas phase transition and the onset of fragmentation.