Cotton Vegetables Research Articles

Improvement of valuable signs by using “Zerox” immunostimulant in cotton

The article provides data that the depth of groundwater located at 2-2.5 m above sea level in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soil of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is applied in agriculture immunostimulant contact and triple action - “Zerox” norms (1 - 2 - 3 l / t; 1 - 2 - 3 l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha) and terms (in pre-sowing treatment of seeds, in the appearance of 2-4 true leaves, budding and flowering) of cotton vegetation , and in various densities (80-90; 100-110; 120-130 thousand pcs. bush / ha) standing, the highest yield (52.5 c / ha) and quality (fiber length 35.3 mm; fiber yield - 40% and 22.6% oil content) fiber and seed oil content were obtained when using Zerox at 2 l / t; 2l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha at a plant density of 80-90 thousand pcs. bush / ha, which leads to high economic efficiency, the share of the first harvest (28.7%) and the constituent crop additives (by 11.7 c / ha), the quality (1.1 mm; 2.5%) of the fiber and oil content of seeds (1.5%) more than the control variant.

New method for cotton fractional vegetation cover extraction based on UAV RGB images

As the key principle of precision farming, the distribution of fractional vegetation cover is the basis of crop management within the field serves. To estimate crop FVC rapidly at the farm scale, high temporal-spatial resolution imagery obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was adopted. To verify the application potential of consumer-grade UAV RGB imagery in estimated FVC, blue-green characteristic vegetation index (TBVI) and red-green vegetation index (TRVI) were proposed in this study according to the differences of the gray value among cotton vegetation, soil and shadow in the field. First, two new constructed indices and several published indices were used to extract visible light images and generate greyscale images for each of the visible light vegetation indices. Then, the thresholds of cotton vegetation and non-vegetation pixels were established based on the vegetation index threshold method which combines support vector machine classification and vegetation index. Finally, the accuracy difference in vegetation information extraction between the newly constructed and several published indices was compared. The results show that the accuracy of the information extracted by TRVI is higher than that of subdivision index of other visible light (FVC extraction precision in the first bud stage of cotton: R2=0.832, RMSE=2.307, nRMSE=4.405%; FVC extraction precision in the bud stage of cotton: R2=0.981, RMSE=1.393, nRMSE=1.984%; FVC extraction precision in the flowering stage of cotton: R2=0.893, RMSE=2.101, nRMSE=2.422%; FVC extraction precision in the boll stage of cotton: R2=0.958, RMSE=1.850, nRMSE=2.050%). Keywords: cotton, UAV, visible light images, fractional vegetation cover, vegetation index threshold method, TRVI, TBVI DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221504. Citation: Yang H B, Lan Y B, Lu L Q, Gong D C, Miao J C, Zhao J. New method for cotton fractional vegetation cover extraction based on UAV RGB images. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(4): 172–180.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДОЗ ПРЕПАРАТА «ЗЕРОКС» НА КАЧЕСТВО ВОЛОКНА И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СРОКАХ ВЕГЕТАЦИИ И ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ГУСТОТЕ СТОЯНИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ

The article provides data that the depth of groundwater located at 2-2.5 m above sea level in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soil of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is applied in agriculture immunostimulant contact and triple action - “Zerox” norms (1 - 2 - 3 l / t; 1 - 2 - 3 l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha) and terms (in pre-sowing treatment of seeds, in the appearance of 2-4 true leaves, budding and flowering) of cotton vegetation , and in various densities (80-90; 100-110; 120-130 thousand pcs. bush / ha) standing, the highest yield (52.5 c / ha) and quality (fiber length 35.3 mm; fiber yield - 40% and 22.6% oil content) fiber and seed oil content were obtained when using Zerox at 2 l / t; 2l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha at a plant density of 80-90 thousand pcs. bush / ha, which leads to high economic efficiency, the share of the first harvest (28.7%) and the constituent crop additives (by 11.7 c/ha), the quality (1.1 mm; 2.5%) of the fiber and oil content of seeds (1.5%) more than the control variant.

Prolonged Undiagnosed Nasal Foreign Body Case Report.

The case report presented is a 22-year-old female with an undiagnosed nasal foreign body (NFB) in her right nasal cavity for 18years. Previous physical examination and anterior rhinoscopy by other health care specialists failed to detect the NFB. She was treated conservatively by many ENT specialists as sinusitis with antibiotics therapy and anti-allergy drugs for many years with no improvement. Due to persistent sinus symptoms unrelieved by conservative treatment further investigation with a paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan was completed that identified the NFB. The NFB was successfully removed surgically with the aid of nasal endoscopy under general anesthesia. The NFB was diagnosed as a piece of calcified externally cotton vegetation. This case highlighted the importance of complete investigation of persistent symptoms including imaging with a non-contrast spiral CT, in addition to a dilated physical examination, clinical and pathologic lab exam.

Feature extraction of cotton plant height based on DSM difference method

Abstract: Spatiotemporal scale information of cotton plant height is closely related to cotton yield, and can provide a basis for irrigation, fertilization and topping of cotton in the field. In order to realize rapid monitoring of plant height during cotton growth period, this research obtained visible images of cotton initial bud stage, full bud stage and flowering stage by mounting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and splices them to obtain its Digital Surface Model. The mean plant height of cotton in each sampling area was calculated by combining the DSM difference method and the sample statistical method of the region of interest to generate a high-level distribution map of cotton plant height with soil background removed. The results showed that the extraction method of plant height of cotton based on DSM difference method is stable ( R 2 of cotton in three periods is higher than 0.750, RMSE is less than 5 cm; plant height model R 2 =0.849 of cotton in the whole growth period). Therefore, DSM difference method can be used to achieve rapid and effective acquisition of cotton plant height, which is of great significance to guiding field cotton management. Finally, the vector files of pure cotton vegetation generated by the cotton TRVI vegetation index threshold method were used to crop the cotton DSM difference images, retaining the areas of only cotton vegetation in the test area, and generating the plant height class distribution maps of cotton at the first bud, full bud and flowering stages, so as to provide a theoretical basis for topping, irrigation and fertilization operations of cotton in the field. Keywords: visible images; unmanned aerial vehicle; plant height; digital surface model DOI: 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20210401.151 Citation: Yang H B, Hu X, Zhao J, Hu Y H. Feature extraction of cotton plant height based on DSM difference method. Int J Precis Agric Aviat, 2021; 4(1): 59–69.

Cotton vegetation indices under diffentent control methods of ramularia leaf spot

Cotton vegetation indices under diffentent control methods of ramularia leaf spot

Effects of Composts from Agroindustrial Wastes on Microbial Activity of a Typic Xerofluvent Soil Under Mediterranean Conditions, SE Turkey

Supplementing the nutrient requirement of crops through organic manures as compost derived from agroindustrial wastes plays a key role in sustaining soil fertility, and crop productivity and reducing use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, this work was conducted for investigating the effects of addition of oily cumin compost (CC) and oily oregano compost (OC) (these composts were derived from oily cumin and oily oregano wastes of aromatic plant factory) at rates of 40 t ha−1 to identify those potential organic amendments that might improve the quality of an Entisol. Additionally, those effects on the biochemical properties of a Typic xerofluvent soil were compared to chemical fertilization (CF) and also control (CT) during a cotton vegetation period under a Mediterranean climatic condition. Soil biological status was evaluated by measuring the soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), N-mineralization (Nmin), soil metabolic quotient (qCO2) and soil enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase-DHG, urease-UA, protease-PRO, and alkaline phosphate-ALKPA) in soil samples that were collected on the 19th, 78th and 190th days followed by compost application to the experimental soils. The MBC, BSR and qCO2, as well as soil enzyme activities, increased significantly in the compost-treated soils compared with the CF-treated soil and nontreated soils (CT) with respect mean values. The level of microbial activity of soil applied chemical fertilizer was almost the same to those of control soil. As a result of cumin compost (CC) application 137-1810% increase of the level of microbial activity with respect to the CT and CF, followed by OC, 47-314% occurred at the end of the experiment. Because of this there were no toxic effects caused by composts observed. The application of these composts to the soil resulted in the most increase in DHG activity significantly. The application of CC with a C/N ratio of 23 resulted a more favorable soil biological properties than the application of OC (C/N ratio = 32) during cotton vegetation period (190 days). Results from this study suggest that composted aromatic plant wastes can be used to enhance the soil microbial activity, thereby promoting plant growth.

Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematode species (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in cotton fields of Tamil Nadu, India

A total of 200 soil samples collected from the cotton fields of 10 different districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in India were evaluated for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) belonging to Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae during 2008–2009. This survey detected the occurrence of EPN in arable lands through the use of a standard insect baiting bioassay technique. EPN were recovered from all 10 cotton growing districts with 27 positive sites (13.5%) ranging from irrigated to rain-fed cotton fields of varied soil types (sandy to clayey), soil pH (4.9–8.4), electrical conductivity (0.11–1.25 dS/m) and organic matter content (0.21–3.8%). Both morphological and molecular tools were used to identify the isolates. Among 27 positive samples, 20 samples yielded steinernematids (74%) and seven samples yielded heterorhabditids (26%). The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The Steinernema included Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema siamkayai and Steinernema monticolum. Steinernema carpocapsae was the predominant species. The cropping patterns comprising cotton–vegetables had higher EPN prevalence (26%) than cotton–pulses (22%), cotton–banana (3.3%) and cotton–millets (2.8%). Steinernema carpocapsae was recovered from cotton–pulses, cotton–millets and cotton–vegetables cropping patterns, whereas H. bacteriophora was isolated from cotton–pulses, cotton–vegetables and cotton–banana cropping patterns. This study demonstrated that EPN are prevalent in the cotton fields of Tamil Nadu, India and could potentially be incorporated into biological control or integrated pest management programmes.

Transpiration response of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. and upland cotton vegetation to soil-moisture stress

The effect of increasing soil-moisture stress upon the transpiration of a stand of Atriplex nummularia Lindl., a native Australian saltbush, and of the American Upland cotton, variety Empire, was investigated under open glasshouse conditions in the Australian semi-arid zone. By growing the plants at a high density and restricting their height to 18 cm, each species formed a low uniform stand of vegetation. The plants were grown in sandy clay loam soil contained in two large weighing lysimeters and in surrounding boxes that formed a guard area. In each experiment soil-moisture stress was imposed upon the vegetation growing in one lysimeter and the surrounding guard area, by withholding water until the plants became acutely wilted, while the soil in the second lysimeter and in its guard area was maintained close to field capacity. The effect of the water stress treatment upon transpiration was determined by recording the daily water loss from the two lysimeters. The experiment was carried out in late summer and repeated in winter with each species. No signs of water deficit were ever seen among the plants of either species in the watered area of the vegetation, even on the hottest days experienced when peak transpiration rates of 8 mm/day and 12 mm/day were recorded for the A: nummularia and cotton vegetation respectively. The transpiration responses of both the Atriplex and cotton vegetation to increasing soil-moisture stress were very similar, while in the summer and winter experiments the effective soil-moisture tension range over which transpiration was reduced was approximately the same also, i.e., from 10–60 bars. In each experiment the falling transpiration rate showed an approximately linear relationship to the logarithm of soil-moisture tension. Quantitative differences were found between the summer and winter transpiration rates, in the range limited by soil-moisture tension. Thus, for the same soil-moisture tension the transpiration rate of both species was initially about 3–4 times greater in the summer experiments than in the winter ones. As the soil-moisture tension increased, the reduction in the transpiration rate of each species in the summer experiment was much greater than in the respective winter one, and the reduction in the rate occurred about 5 times more rapidly. However, because of the lower level of transpiration in the winter, the summer transpiration rates at any given soil-moisture tension did not fall below the corresponding winter values. That the sensitivity of transpiration to increasing soil-moisture tension was relatively unaffected by the climatic change from summer to winter in both cotton and Atriplex may have been a reflection of the particular soil root system present in the experiments. Alternatively, this may have been caused by changes in the anatomy or physiology of each species in wintertime. The ability of A. nummularia to survive rainless periods under semi-arid climatic conditions is considered. It is suggested that since no special characteristic that would aid drought survival was found, this ability probably depends upon a feature that did not develop in the experiments. Such a feature could be the development of an extensive root system.