Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease Research Articles

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV): An Insight into Disaster

Disaster of cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuVD) is the severe restriction to cotton production wherever it appears, and this dilemma is under discussion by scientist since few decades and still no satisfactory control is obtained. Cotton leaf curl Virus (CLCuV) is a begomovirus belongs to family geminiviridae and transmitted by insect-vector Whitefly complex (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring). In Pakistan, disease was first reported by scientist on stray plants in 1967 near Multan, Punjab. In 1992-93 disease epidemic cause yield decline from 9.05 million bales to 8.04 million bales cause severe losses to cotton production in Pakistan. During 1996-97 resistant cotton verities against CLCuV were introduced but since 2001 new strain Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus (CLCuBuV) cause another epidemic by breaking resistance in all available verities. Excessive use of pesticides to control vector is the serious environmental threat, caused vector resistance, and are carcinogenic and neurotoxic to humans. This review is to cover the history, spread, major losses, Management, Molecular study of relation between host-pathogen and virus resistance strategies to reduce the use of pesticide.

Prediction of cotton leaf curl virus disease at different potassium dosses based on abiotic environmental factors and sowing dates

Cotton is a major cash crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Cotton leaf curl virus disease is a major threat to lower the cotton yield in Pakistan. The present study aimed to predict the disease severity at different potassium (K) dosses based on abiotic environmental factors with respect to two sowing times. Three potassium (K) doses (90, 60, and 30 kg acre−1) were applied to observe the impact on disease severity. In control, no extra K was applied. Two sowings were done at 15 days intervals. Data was recorded using at seven days intervals after the appearance of the disease. A significant difference in disease severity was observed in K applied cotton plants and between the two sowing times. Maximum disease severity was noticed in control plants and was found maximum where 90 kg acre−1 K was applied. Maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, rainfall, and windspeed exhibited a negative relationship with disease severity. A positive relationship was seen between disease severity and relative humidity irrespective to sowing times. In 1st sowing, maximum air temperature (35–38 °C), minimum air temperature (23–24 °C), relative humidity (65–75%), rainfall (1–2 mm), and windspeed (1.5–2.5 km/h) significantly contributed in disease progression. In second sowing, maximum air temperature (34–36 °C), minimum air temperature (19–21 °C), relative humidity (75–78%), rainfall (0.5–1.5 mm), and windspeed (1.5–2.5 km/h) favoured the disease development.

Modeling and analysis for the transmission dynamics of cotton leaf curl virus using fractional order derivatives

In this study, we examine the Atangana Baleanu Caputo fractional order for the transmission dynamics of the Cotton Leaf Curl Virus disease. The model took into account both cotton plants and vector populations. The existence and uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of the solution to the model, as well as other fundamental concepts, were examined. Additionally, the Ulam-Hyres condition stability of the suggested model was demonstrated using functional techniques. Using the Adams-Bashforth method, the numerical solution for our suggested model was computed. The numerical result shows that the disease spreads more slowly as the fractional order decreases from 1.00 to 0.72.

Cotton leaf curl virus disease and weather interaction at Faridkot under south western region of Punjab

Cotton leaf curl virus disease and weather interaction at Faridkot under south western region of Punjab

Screening of elite Bt-cotton hybrids against cotton leaf curl virus disease

Screening of elite Bt-cotton hybrids against cotton leaf curl virus disease

Machine Learning Model of Plant Disease Prediction: Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) on Cotton Crop

The attack of various diseases is one of the major issues in agriculture, and it has a significant impact on the productivity of agriculture. The correlations between the plant disease life cycle and environmental conditions can be successfully used for the prediction and early warnings of the occurrence of diseases. This study proposes a machine-learning approach for the prediction of disease attacks based on environmental conditions. The proposed model is based on the crop field Internet of Things (IoT) based directly sensed temperature, humidity, and rainfall to predict the monthly occurrence of the Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) disease on cotton crops. Moreover, the proposed regression model enables the prediction of the CLCV disease attack with a multiple co-efficient of co-relation value of 0.88 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82 from the prevailing temperature, humidity, and rainfall environmental conditions. The field evaluation reveals that the predicted accuracy of the proposed solution is 85%.

Modelling and Stability Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) Transmission Dynamics in Cotton Plant

In this paper, the transmission dynamics of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease in cotton plants was proposed and investigated qualitatively using the stability theory of a nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Cotton and vector populations were both taken into account in the models. Cotton population was categorized as susceptible (A) and infected (B). The vector population was also categorized as susceptible (C) and infected (D). We established that all model solutions are positive and bounded by relevant initial conditions. The existence of unique CLCuV free and endemic equilibrium points, as well as the basic reproduction number, which is computed using the next generation matrix approach, are investigated. The conditions for the local and global asymptotic stability of these equilibrium points are then established. When the basic reproduction number is less than one, the system has locally and globally asymptotically stable CLCuV free equilibrium point, but when the basic reproduction number is more than one, the system has locally and globally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium point. The numerical simulation findings show that lowering the infection rate of cotton vectors has a significant impact on controlling cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) in the time frame given.

Whole-Genome Resequencing Deciphers New Insight Into Genetic Diversity and Signatures of Resistance in Cultivated Cotton Gossypium hirsutum.

Cotton is an important crop that produces fiber and cottonseed oil for the textile and oil industry. However, cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) stress is limiting its yield in several Asian countries. In this study, we have sequenced Mac7 accession, a Gossypium hirsutum resistance source against several biotic stresses. By aligning with the Gossypium hirsutum (AD1) 'TM-1' genome, a total of 4.7 and 1.2 million SNPs and InDels were identified in the Mac7 genome. The gene ontology and metabolic pathway enrichment indicated SNPs and InDels role in nucleotide bindings, secondary metabolite synthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Furthermore, the RNA-seq data in different tissues and qPCR expression profiling under CLCuD provided individual gene roles in resistant and susceptible accessions. Interestingly, the differential NLR genes demonstrated higher expression in resistant plants rather than in susceptible plants expression. The current resequencing results may provide primary data to identify DNA resistance markers which will be helpful in marker-assisted breeding for development of Mac7-derived resistance lines.

Considering Leaf Extract of Miracle Tree (Moringa Oleifera L.) and Potassium Nutrition for Contending Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) Disease of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)

Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuV) is a devastating biotic factor that imposed crop productivity a huge loss. To battle this issue this study was assessed in 2019 for the evaluation of the response of leaf extract of miracle tree (Moringa oleifera L.) and potassium (K) nutrition to mitigate the plague of CLCuV disease in cotton variety CRIS-129. Treatments have consisted of the various K dosses Viz., 0, 100, and 150 kg K2SO4 ha-1, and 3% leaf extract of moringa was sprayed at 30, 60, and 90 days after emergence. Results regarding yield components i-e boll weight (g) and seed index (g) were increased by increasing K application and foliar spray of moringa leaf extract but statistically non-significant (p<0.05). However, seed cotton yield and K contents in cotton leaves were significantly increased with all the treatments. The maximum seed cotton yield (2620 kg ha-1) was achieved with 150 kg K2O ha-1 application and it was increased by about 52% over the control treatment. In the case of incidence % of CLCuV disease, both K nutrition as well as foliar spray played a significant role and CLCuV intensity reduced with increasing rate of K doses and foliar sprays.

Influence of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) Disease on Yield and Economic Traits of Cotton

Six cotton varieties were evaluated at the environmental condition of Sakrand to assess the CLCV disease incidence % and due to its effect reduction in yield and fiber traits. It was confirmed from the present research that cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) disease incidence generally has adverse effects on cotton crop growth and development, seed cotton yield, and economic traits. The range of disease incidence % was noted from 19.5% (IUB-13) to 56.8% (CIM-602). Due to CLCV disease incidence up to 50% reduction was noted in plant height, bolls plant-1, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. However, fiber quality traits are less decreased as compared yield traits. Therefore, it is always necessary to recommend cotton leaf curl virus disease resistant/tolerant varieties for general cultivation to combat CLCV and also emphasize on proper control of whitefly, as it is a vector for transmitting CLCV disease from one plant to another. There present study was conducted to document Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) disease on yield and economic traits of cotton.

Eco-epidemiological model and stability analysis of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) transmission dynamics

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease in cotton. The models took into account both cotton and vector populations. Cotton populations are classified as susceptible (A) and infected (B). The vector population was further classified as susceptible (X) and infected (Y). We demonstrated that all model solutions are positive and bounded with initial circumstances from a specific meaningful set. The presence of unique CLCuV free and endemic equilibrium points is explored, and the basic reproduction number is calculated using the next generation matrix approach. The conditions for these equilibrium points’ local and global asymptotic stability are then established. When the basic reproduction number is less than one, the system has a locally and globally asymptotically stable CLCuV free equilibrium point, and when the basic reproduction number is more than one, the system has a locally and globally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium point. The simulation result agrees with the analytical results.

Influence of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) Disease on Yield and Economic Traits of Cotton

Six cotton varieties were evaluated at the environmental condition of Sakrand to assess the CLCV disease incidence % and due to its effect reduction in yield and fiber traits. It was confirmed from the present research that cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) disease incidence generally has adverse effects on cotton crop growth and development, seed cotton yield, and economic traits. The range of disease incidence % was noted from 19.5% (IUB-13) to 56.8% (CIM-602). Due to CLCV disease incidence up to 50% reduction was noted in plant height, bolls plant-1, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. However, fiber quality traits are less decreased as compared yield traits. Therefore, it is always necessary to recommend cotton leaf curl virus disease resistant/tolerant varieties for general cultivation to combat CLCV and also emphasize on proper control of whitefly, as it is a vector for transmitting CLCV disease from one plant to another. There present study was conducted to document Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) disease on yield and economic traits of cotton.

Incidence and severity of cotton leaf curl virus disease on different BG II hybrids and its effect on the yield and quality of cotton crop

Aim: To understand the effect of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease incidence and severity at various crop growth stages on Bollgaurd-II cotton hybrids having different levels of susceptibility and resistance and its effect on, seed cotton yield and fibre quality. Methodology: The effect of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) incidence, severity and its progress on highly resistant to susceptible cultivars was compared. The loss of seed cotton yield (SCY) corresponding to CLCuD incidence at 80 DAS, 81-110 DAS, 111-140 DAS was estimated separately in each hybrid. The loss of fibre quality corresponding to CLCuD incidence at seven different stages, i.e., 50 to 140 days after sowing (DAS) was also calculated. Results: The highest relative area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values of PDI were observed in Ankur 3028 (100%) and Ankur Jai BG II (83%), while the lowest values were recorded in highly resistant hybrids Yuva-841-2 (4.6%) and Bunty 2113-2 (13.8%). When the disease appeared up to 80 DAS compared to 110, 140 DAS the reduction range in SCY (4.6-62.4%), fibre length (23.9-29.9%), strength (21.4-30.1%) and uniformity (62.5-83%) was recorded to be higher in susceptible hybrids. The fibre length, strength, and uniformity were reduced in diseased plant (25.9 mm, 24.4 g/tex, 68.2%) when incidence took place at 50 DAS compared to disease-free plants (27.6mm, 25.9 g/tex, 72.9%). However, reduction in SCY, fiber length, fiber strength and uniformity at 80 DAS varied with respect to hybrid and their resistance category. Interpretation: These results provide the basis to prove the hypothesis that the yield loss is associated with the stage of CLCuD incidence and its severity in cotton hybrids with different levels of resistance as well as its genetic potential of a particular cotton cultivar. However, the extent of yield reduction within the resistant or susceptible category is also dependent on the yield potential of a particular cultivar. Thus, breeders must consider both the criteria-lower PDI /AUDPC and higher productivity to select high yielding cotton lines. Key words: Cotton, Disease index, Leaf Curl Disease, Virus

Identification, Isolation and Characterization of GaCyPI Gene in Gossypium arboreum under Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease Stress

Pakistan is facing the threat of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) which is transmitted through whitefly to cotton crop. Molecular mechanism of leaf epicuticular wax protects the plants from different pathogens including insect attack and disease transmission. Objective of current study is the isolation and characterization of a wax related gene GaCyPI from Gossypium arboreum under CLCuV infection. A fragment of 475 bp was isolated from the total RNA and 3’ and 5’ RACE-PCR products were arranged by overlapping the extended sequences at both the ends. Deduced protein sequence of GaCyPI showed homology with Cyclophilin cis-trans isomerase gene of Gossypium ramondii and Gossypium barbadanse. Multiple sequence alignment also revealed homology among the coding sequences of same gene. GaCyPI protein comprised of 173 amino acids and ORF finder revealed the 69 bases upstream at 5’ while 350 bp at 3’UTR. InterProScan revealed that it belongs to Cyclophilin-type peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) family. Active sites are visible at specific amino acid positions and 3D structure was stable in Ramachandran plot. Prosa server showed protein residues have average 3D-1D score >= 0.2 and Z-Score was −6.74. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. raimondii is the closest species that shares the same sequence. Hence, GaCyPI has strong role in plants’ epicuticular wax and its genetic transformation may protect the cotton from whitefly which transmits CLCuV.

Yield loss in relation to cotton leaf curl virus disease in BT cotton hybrid in north-Western India

Yield loss in relation to cotton leaf curl virus disease in BT cotton hybrid in north-Western India

Comparative Efficacy of Different Plant Extracts to Manage the Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease and its Vector (Bemisia tabaci L.)

Comparative Efficacy of Different Plant Extracts to Manage the Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease and its Vector (Bemisia tabaci L.)

Present status of cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCUVD): a major threat to cotton production

Cotton is a major cash crop cultivated throughout the world for fiber, feed, fuel and food. Globally, it ranked 1st for fiber and 2nd among the oilseed crops. It is cultivated in around 60 countries of the world with an approximate production of 119.8 million bales annually. During its life cycle, cotton is exposed to about 75 destructive diseases from sowing till harvesting. These stresses are responsible for about 50% yield losses annually with a worth of $ 50 billion in the world. Among them, Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuVD) is one of the significant factors responsible for yield reduction worldwide. This disease is caused by cotton leaf cur virus which is mainly acquired and transmitted by the vector Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). This virus belongs to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. Geminiviruses consist of small circular, single stranded DNA encapsidated in a twinned icosahedral pattern. These are either monopartite or bipartite. Bipartite begomoviruses are composed of circular single stranded DNA-A and DNA-B, both these components are essential for the infection in New World while some bipartite begomoviruses are also present in Old World, but differences are still present. Monopartite begomoviruses are composed of circular single stranded DNA-A and satellite molecules (DNA α-satellite and β-satellite), these are essential components for the severity of disease in the Old World. Efforts are underway to develop new strategies to protect the cotton plants against CLCuVD and its viral causal agents. This review helps the reader to better understand the biology of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), its behavior/interaction with the host Whitefly as well as recent developments being made for the control of cotton leaf curl disease.

Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi with insecticides and their efficacy for IPM of Bemisia tabaci in cotton.

Bemisia tabaci, a vector of cotton leaf curl virus disease, is among the most devastating pests causing huge economic losses due to reduced cotton yield and quality. The excessive use of chemical pesticides causes insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) have a role as mycoinsecticides. The combined use of these insecticides is a promising pest-control option to minimize adverse chemical effects. Thus, we have evaluated 10 EPFs under polyhouse conditions for their virulence against whitefly nymphs and their compatibility with chemical and botanical insecticides. The highest overall biological efficacy index was recorded with Ij-102, followed by Bb-4511, and Ij-089. An in vitro compatibility study was conducted to evaluate the effect of botanical and chemical pesticides on mycelial growth and spore production using the poisoned food technique. The effect of pesticides on the reduction of mycelial growth and conidial production ranged from -169 to 94.1% and -25.6 to 87.6%, respectively. However, Ij-089, Ij-102, Ma-1299, and Bb-4511 were found to be the most compatible with the chemical and botanicals evaluated. Comparatively, spiromesifen, diafenthiuron, buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, and flonicamid were more compatible with EPFs at half doses, as compared to the other chemical pesticides, namely imidacloprid, fipronil, profenophos, and triazophos. These results might provide the basis for future work and indicate that applications of EPFs showing the best virulence and compatibility have the maximum likelihood for the management of B. tabaci in the field in an integrated pest management system.

Leaf cuticular wax content is involved in cotton leaf curl virus disease resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuVD) limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including Pakistan. In the past, efforts were made to combat this disease by different approaches. Cuticular wax is reported to confer resistance to plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Present study was designed to assess the role of cuticular wax content (WC) to resist CLCuVD infestation. The WC of 42 cotton genotypes, originating from various countries (Pakistan, USA, China, etc.), was quantified during two culture periods (2015 & 2016). Cotton germplasm was also scored for % disease index (%DI), seed cotton yield (SCY), number of bolls/plant (NB), and plant height (PHt) for the same culture periods. Significant negative correlation between WC and %DI was found during the two years of experimentation. WC was found positively correlated with SCY and NB. Six cotton genotypes (A-7233, B-557, A-162, BLANCO-3363, CIM-473, and SLH-2010-11) did not show any signs of CLCuVD infestation during both 2015 and 2016. These cotton genotypes contained relatively higher WC. The results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that there were significant differences among genotypes for %DI, WC, SCY, NB, and PHt. These results indicated that WC was involved in resisting CLCuVD and it also had positive effect on plant growth and yield potential. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that cuticular wax could be used as an indirect criterion for distinguishing and selecting resistant/susceptible cotton genotypes.

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in District Jhang Punjab Pakistan

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in District Jhang Punjab Pakistan