Cost Of Universal Service Research Articles

Incentive Mechanism Design of the Cost Compensation in Electricity Universal Service

Universal service is one of public functions of government and fundamental work in the system engineering for a harmonious society. Owing to the beneficiaries live in remote place, so the marginal cost of universal service is high, meal while The objection of power enterprises is inconsistent with a government's public functions. In order to encourage power enterprise to undertake universal service, government should provide the cost compensation that is based on the associated costs of universal service. For disclosing the real cost, this paper studied the conditions of individual rationality and incentive compatibility of the power enterprise undertaking universal service. Finally, it contributed a theoretical basis for the cost compensation.

Thirsty Colonias: Rate Regulation and the Provision of Water Service

Where the law does not mandate service coverage results from high cost of universal service, poor communities frequently are service and low potential revenue associomitted from drink ing water supply network s. A c- ated with providing water to colonias, as cording to conventional wisdom, lack of service is well as political factors. Second, it examdue primarily to the high cost of extending service ines for to the poor, their low ability to pay, and their weak the first time the influence of a political influence. Through an empirical analysis colonia’s most likely service provider on of poor communities in Texas, this study assesses probability of service coverage. these and other economic and institutional determi- Recent research has focused on the ponants of drinking water service acquisition. The tential for less traditional water service analysis reveals that rate regulation, intended to providers to serve poor populations in demake water service affordable to all households, veloping countries (Collignon 1999; Snell is also responsible, and may actually reduce service 1998; Solo 1998, 1999). While examining a coverage among the poor.

Universal service in the European Union

Since the late 1980s, the European Union (EU) has pursued a program of comprehensive telecommunications liberalization. The increased reliance on competition necessitated the establishment of explicit universal service policies. European universal service policies define the scope and cost of universal service as well as permissible funding mechanisms. Emphasizing competition over social goals, the EU has adopted a rather narrow version of universal service. Future revisions may provide an opportunity to adopt a more ambitious universal service model.