Cost Of Photovoltaic Power Generation Research Articles

Application of Photovoltaic (PV) Cell and Limited Factor

With the concept of carbon neutrality and carbon emissions peak, the Chinese government emphasize the importance of the application of renewable energy like photovoltaic energy. Internationally, some countries and regions already have ability to replace fossil energy with renewable resources such as wind, solar, wind, and hydrogen energy. This thesis focuses on photovoltaic energy and its applications. Photovoltaic energy usually uses monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon as raw materials, and this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of both raw materials. The technology of building PV integration, which combines PV cells with buildings, and the technology that increases the conversion efficiency of PV cells by passivating the back contact of the emitting area are described in detail. In addition, this study illustrates the reasons that limit the development of photovoltaic cells under the current technology in terms of both self-factors and environmental factors. The self-factors are mainly the conversion rate of its own materials and energy consumption of meta-components, and the environmental factors are mainly the geographical location leading to the solar altitude angle and the amount of solar radiation. In the future, the global PV market will continue to maintain a rapid growth trend, driven by favorable factors such as the continued decline in the cost of photovoltaic power generation and the positive market orientation.

Research on Economy of Clean Energy Power Generation Technology Based on CORE Method

Clean energy power generation has good economic and social benefits for promoting regional development. However, clean energy power generation is in the growth stage, and the difference of investment income is obvious. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the economy of clean energy power generation technology. In view of this, considering the influencing factors on economy of clean energy power generation technology, this paper proposes a technical economy evaluation and cost trend analysis model for clean energy power generation, which includes three modules: input, output and analysis calculation. Finally, taking Africa as an example, under the three scenarios of high utilization hours, medium utilization hours and low utilization hours, the paper analyzes the economy of photovoltaic power generation in Africa, and concludes that the cost of photovoltaic power generation in the northern and southern of Africa has a certain degree of network transmission economy.

Study on Feasibility of Photovoltaic Power to Grid Parity in China Based on LCOE

Today, photovoltaic (PV) power generation accounts for a relatively small proportion of total power generation in China. If photovoltaic power can achieve grid parity, it can replace the original traditional thermal power generation, which has positive significance on the environment. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is the main general economic indicator for the evaluation of power generation technology in the world. Based on the traditional LCOE evaluation model and considering the shortcomings of the previous LCOE evaluation models, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is refined in this paper. The cost of the taxation with calculating the depreciation, the loss, and the income of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are taken into consideration. Hence, a more accurate and more comprehensive LCOE model is presented. Moreover, combined with other investment indicators, a photovoltaic power generation benefit model corresponding to the current development status is proposed. Taking a 3-MW distributed photovoltaic power station project in Nanjing as a case study, the sensitivity analysis of factors that affect the benefit of photovoltaic power generation is carried out to further explore the feasibility of photovoltaic power to grid parity.

Performance analysis of government subsidies for photovoltaic industry: Based on spatial econometric model

Energy is the basis for development of material civilization. Since fossil energy can cause environmental problems, clean energy has become the trend of energy development. Solar energy is a kind of resource-rich and clean energy. Therefore, it exists great prospects of development. In addition, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is relatively high, and governmental subsidies are required. In this paper, we propose a spatial econometric model to analyze performance of government subsidies for the photovoltaic industry. When spatial dependence is obvious, classical econometrics begins to fail. At this time, spatial econometrics came into being. This paper evaluates the support policies of photovoltaic industry based on the premise that there is spatial dependence among regions. The results show that the installed capacity of photovoltaics in various regions has begun to show a significant positive correlation since 2012.What's more, the feed-in tariff and R&D subsidy policies have played a positive role in photovoltaic installed capacity from 2012 to 2018. It significantly contributes to the transformation of photovoltaic industry policy. At the same time, this paper expands the application scope of spatial econometric model.

Solar PV Market Research and Industry Competition Report

Solar Industrial scale continues to expand. The world installed photovoltaic capacity gradually increased from 135GW in 2013 to 480GW by the end of 2018, achieved 3.5 times growth during five years. There will be still have space for price reduction. With the development of solar cell structure design, micro-nano laser precision machining and other technologies, the per-kilowatt cost of photovoltaic power generation has entered decline channel, and it is expected to realize the affordable online in the future. According to IHS, the price difference between PERC single crystal components and polycrystal components is $0.055 per watt. Industrial technology has made obvious progress, and single crystal PERC has become the mainstream. The efficiency of the cell is breaking new records. The conversion efficiency of ordinary single-crystal and polycrystalline cells has reached 20.2% and 18.6% respectively, and the efficiency of high-efficiency batteries has reached 21.3% and 19.2% respectively. According to data released by Solarbe, the single crystal PERC technology performs best in cell conversion efficiency and output power compared with other technologies. In the next four years, China's market growth will remain stable at 40-50GW. IHS Markit forecasts that the global market size is expected to remain stable at 100-120GW from 2018, while the growth of the Chinese market will remain stable at 40-50GW in the next four years.

Research on the Economic Benefits of Roof Photovoltaic Based on the Non-Subsidy Mode of Environmental Benefits

Photovoltaic power generation is the main alternative to coal power generation, in order to reflect the environmental benefits of photovoltaic power generation, this paper integrates the net carbon transaction cost and environmental protection tax in the life cycle of photovoltaic power generation into the calculation of indicators of LCOE and IRR, selects eight representative regions of China’s roof photovoltaic for economic benefit evaluation, and selects four indicators for sensitivity analysis of LCOE and IRR. The results show that the cost reduction range is 0.0083-0.0593 Yuan / kWh under the condition of measuring the net carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions, the establishment and improvement of carbon trading market and environmental protection tax will help to improve the economic benefits of users; other regions can achieve user side parity without considering the financing cost except Chongqing; reducing the cost of photovoltaic power generation and improving the unit power generation are the main factors to improve the economic benefits.

The King of the New Generation Photovoltaic Technologies——Perovskite Solar Cells & the Opportunities and Challenges

Within the past several decades, photovoltaic technology is an emerging pioneer in the renewable energy field. Driven by the rapid decline in the price of photovoltaic products, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is becoming cheaper or even lower than the cost of thermal power generation. Among various photovoltaic technologies, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin film solar cells are promising candidates for the next generation of solar cells in consideration of their outstanding advantages such as low-cost, easy manufacturing processing and high power conversion efficiencies. Perovskite solar cells stem from dye-sensitized solar cells. Within less than a decade of rigorous research and development in perovskite solar cells, the efficiency is boosted up to 25.2%. Aforementioned high PCE is mainly attributed to outstanding photovoltaic properties such as the long diffusion length of carriers, high optical absorption coefficient, excellent carrier mobility, etc. Meanwhile, the main barriers of commercialization for the perovskite solar cells are the poor stability of the devices, and the possible environmental pollution caused by lead. Herein, we briefly reviewed the opportunities and the challenges of this game changer in photovoltaic field. The development prospective are also discussed.

Modified hill climbing MPPT algorithm with reduced steady‐state oscillation and improved tracking efficiency

To ensure the photovoltaic (PV) system can still output maximum power under changing environmental conditions, a modified hill climbing algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses a variable step-size strategy to reduce the steady-state oscillations and prevent operating point from diverging away from the maximum power point by introducing boundary conditions. To verify its effectiveness, the proposed algorithm is compared with the conventional and adaptive hill climbing method under the environmental condition of irradiance step change and gradual change. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the dynamic response speed of the PV system by 75% under varying irradiance, and can achieve a steady-state tracking accuracy of 99.8%. Besides, the proposed algorithm only needs to embed several lines of additional programs in the conventional hill climbing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control program and does not require additional hardware components, which reduces the cost of PV power generation.

Manufacturing Cost Optimization of Photovoltaic Enterprises Based on Neural Network

How to reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation is the core issue of the survival and development of photovoltaic enterprises. Based on this, the manufacturing cost optimization of photovoltaic enterprises is studied based on neural network. Through the design of cost accounting control of photovoltaic enterprises, a genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic enterprises, which is predicted at the maximum power point of the same photovoltaic power generation system. The results show that the RBF neural network optimized by genetic algorithm not only improves the prediction speed, but also improves the prediction accuracy. Thus, the maximum power point tracking control of photovoltaic power generation can be achieved better, and the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic enterprises can be optimized.

Reduce on the Cost of Photovoltaic Power Generation for Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Double Printing of Ag/Cu Front Contact Layer

With the development of photovoltaic industry, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has become the significant issue. And the metallization process has decided the cost of original materials and photovoltaic efficiency of the solar cells. Nowadays, double printing process has been introduced instead of one-step printing process for front contact of polycrystalline silicon solar cells, which can effectively improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. Here, the relative cheap Cu paste has replaced the expensive Ag paste to form Ag/Cu composite front contact of silicon solar cells. The photovoltaic performance and the cost of photovoltaic power generation have been investigated. With the optimization on structure and height of Cu finger layer for Ag/Cu composite double-printed front contact, the silicon solar cells have exhibited a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 18.41%, which has reduced 3.42 cent per Watt for the cost of photovoltaic power generation. Partial Ag is replaced by Cu to reduce the manufacture cost of silicon solar cells. Cu-Ag double layer front contact has exhibited more excellent photovoltaic performance of silicon solar cells than that of Cu/Ag composite layer. Ag/Cu double-printed finger lines exhibits excellent photovoltaic performance, which can reduce 3.42 cent per watt for the cost of photovoltaic power generation.

An Innovative Design of the Automatic Solar Tracking Control Scheme

A double-axis solar tracking system based on horizontal coordinate is adopted. A method of combining the sun trajectory tracking and light intensity sensor is proposed in this tracking system. Detection results of light intensity sensor were used to determine weather situation, control the start -stop of the tracking system. The sun trajectory was calculated by astronomical algorithms to determine the solar orientation. Different interval times were set in different time periods to improve the tracking accuracy. It enhances solar radiation, improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems and reduces the cost of photovoltaic power generation. This system is simple and easy to achieve. It has lower cost and reliable performance. It can be used in large-scale photovoltaic power plant projects.

Optical efficiency–concentration ratio trade-off for a flat panel photovoltaic system with diffuser type concentrator

Optical concentrators that could be used as a flat panel type stationary photovoltaic (PV) system will enable significant reduction in the cost of PV power generation. This paper presents the analysis of a concentrator based on an optically transparent planar waveguide with a diffused reflector on the rear surface and PV devices placed at the edge of the waveguide. Optical collection efficiency of the stationary concentrator for geometric concentration ratios in the range 2–1000 has been analyzed. Despite reduction in optical collection efficiency of this concentrator design compared to traditional flat PV panel or tracking type concentrator panels, for practical operation in the geometric concentration ratio up to 40, a factor of 2–10 times reduction in cost of PV modules per unit power generated can be envisioned due to ease in manufacturing (including flexible roll-to-roll production) and significant savings in materials usage. Experimental data shows a strong dependence of the optical collection efficiency on surface roughness of the diffuser.

Key Technology on the Solar Photovoltaic & Thermal System

Using the concentrating and tracking photovoltaics generation technology, the area of photovoltaic cells is only one-fifth of the traditional one if both generate same power output, and therefore the cost of photovoltaic power generation is greatly reduced. The concentrating solar cells produced with the special construction and lamination technique have the functions of heat exchanging and temperature controlling, which prevent the solar panel from over-temperature caused by the concentrating light and the crystal silicon cell pieces will always work under 60°C, and hence the photoelectric conversion efficiency increase. The rest solar energy that cannot be converted into electrical energy by the concentrating solar cells is absorbed by water flowing through it. The flat-plate collector reheat the water flowed from the concentrating solar cells’ heat exchanger and the additional product, hot water, whose temperature is over 80°C, is got. Hence, the total efficiency of photovoltaic & thermal conversion is more than 55%. The solar photovoltaic & thermal system can high efficiently, but low costly and practicably, utilize the solar photovoltaic & thermal and practical.

光伏发电并网对配电网保护的影响及对策

随着能源和环境问题越来越突出，光伏发电作为一种战略性新兴产业，得到了快速发展。由于光伏发电的成本不断降低，并网型光伏系统逐步成为光伏产业的主流。为了保证电网安全稳定运行，本文分析了光伏电源并网对配电网原有的电流保护和自动重合闸装置所造成的影响。通过PSCAD仿真验证了不同容量的光伏系统并网对线路故障电流的影响。为了减少甚至消除这些不利影响，提出了以广域测量系统为基础的保护方案以及相关的改进措施。 With the energy sources and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, photovoltaic power generation as a strategic new industry, has been rapid development. As the cost of photovoltaic power generation is reduced, grid-connected photovoltaic system has gradually become the mainstream of photo- voltaic industry. To ensure grid security and stability, the effects of grid-connected photovoltaic system on the traditional current protection and automatic reclosing device are analyed in this paper. The results of the PSCAD simulation prove that the different capacity of grid-connected photovoltaic systems affect the line fault current.The protection scheme with the wide-area measurement system for basic and the relevant im- provements are put forward to reduce or even eliminate these adverse effects.

GaAs dendritic web grown by liquid encapsulation

Ribbon growth of solar cell materials is one way to significantly reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation. Inadequate control of As vaporization from the melt impeded early attempts to grow GaAs ribbons by the dendritic web process in the 1960's. In the current investigation, volatization control was achieved by encapsulation with B 2O 3. This technique, combined with thermal modelling produced a unique crystal growth system from which dendrites and multidendrite webs in excess of 30 cm in length have been grown. Chemical analysis indicates that little As is lost during growth. The surface dislocation density typically ranges from 10 2–10 3/cm 2. Hall measurements on undoped dendritic material reveal a moderate p-type conductivity.