Cost And Benefit Analysis Research Articles

Health financing analysis in the implementation of minimum service standards in Lumajang Regency

Background: Health financing in Lumajang is still far from the target. Therefore, a study focused on the implementation of minimum service standards (MSS) in the health sector is needed. Despite the government emphasis on MSS health, disparities in service access and health conditions persist.Objective: To provide insights into the effectiveness of health financing, serving as a foundation for policy recommendations to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of health fund allocation in Lumajang Regency.Methods: The study employed a quantitative approach, utilising district health accounts (DHA) and cost and benefit analysis (CBA). The budget allocation for different MSS health services was also investigated. The analysis involved examining the spending proportion relative to total health expenditure. The study design used a qualitative descriptive method. The data source was obtained from the budget realisation report for the MSS health sub-activities at the Community Health Center (CHC) and the Lumajang Health Office. Data analysis was performed by an integration of DHA and CBA approaches. We performed mapping costs and benefits analysis and calculated the sensitivity of financing to whether it is economically profitable and provides leverage for achieving MSS performance indicator targets. Results: The realisation of local original revenue in the health sector tended to fall below targets. Central transfer funds dominated the funding sources in CHC. The highest health budget allocation of MSS was received by maternal health services, while other services only received a proportion relative to a decrease in total health expenditure.Conclusion: In Lumajang Regency, analysis of the costs and benefits of regional health financing to fulfil MSS health showed that the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) value was > 1, meaning that health financing for MSS in the District Health Sector was profitable, so it should be used as a regional priority program in overcoming regional health problems.

Scenario Planning of Sub-District Proliferation Using Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA) in Tambraw Regency

Limited government budgets are a common problem faced in various countries. The Government is faced with multiple community demands that must be met. This causes the Government to be careful in determining priority programs. In deciding the feasibility of a project related to the public sector, the Government faces many considerations and problems, including sub-districts proliferation. One analysis that can be used as a tool to select programs that are worthy of priority is to use cost and benefit analysis. This research aims to disseminate an understanding of cost and benefit analysis to local government officials, especially in Tambraw Regency. This research uses an exploratory research method with a qualitative approach. The analysis method in this research is the scenario planning method; the stages consist of strategic analysis, scenario creation, strategy finding, and strategy formulation

P5237Continued financial benefits of LATIN telemedicine program from avoiding unnecessary transfer of patients

Abstract Background Latin America Telemedicine Infarct Network (LATIN) employed telemedicine to construct a population-based AMI program in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina. It increased access, accuracy and guidelines-based care and addressed fiscal issues. Previously, we demonstrated a cost and benefit analysis (CBA) of LATIN based upon avoiding unnecessary transfers and hospitalization. We have performed a scrupulous follow up of this initial observation with a long-term follow up from all expanded LATIN sites. Purpose To demonstrate that telemedicine avoids unnecessary transfer of patients. Methods 784,947 patients at LATIN spokes (small clinics in remote areas) were screened and CBA measured at hubs, spokes and telemedicine centers. Technology, transfer, inpatient, and procedure-related costs were included. A sensitivity analysis was performed for worst and best scenarios of costs, revenues, and savings. A comparison with Avera e-Emergency (Sioux Falls, SD) Telemedicine program, involving 85 rural hospitals in 7 states, is provided (13% transfer avoidance). Results Of 784,947 screened patients, 8,448 had STEMI (1.08%); 3,911 (46.3%) were urgently reperfused, 3,049 (78%) with PPCI. Time to Telemedicine Diagnosis was 3 min. With efficient triage, costs for non-AMI patients was controlled. LATIN expenses, including for IT and experts, were $272, and for transfer and indirect care, $1,068. Net savings/patient were $796. Savings, till date, range between $187.4 million and $62.4 million (Best scenario −30% transfer avoidance; Worse scenario −10% transfer avoidance). Conclusions Longitudinal analysis firms the trend of enormous cost savings with LATIN. Telemedicine avoids unnecessary transfers and hospitalization and it is a cost-effective strategy for population-based AMI programs.

The Application of CBA and SUG Model for Improving The Quality of Indonesian Navy Human Resources

Indonesia is a maritime nation with 75 % or 5.8 million square kilometers of its area is covered by the sea, including the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone / IEEZ and three Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes; Malacca Strait, Sunda Strait, and Lombok Strait affirm Indonesia as the most strategic geographical position. The Indonesian people feel so pathetic to witness the current condition in Indonesian waters since there are many crimes, especially law violations that occurred in the Indonesian maritime territory that could lead to a prolonged polemic and hampers the efforts to build national unity. Ideally, maritime security should be safely guaranteed, meaning that the sea can be controlled, safely used by the users and is free from the threat or disruption to sea-based activities. This research explains about how to improve the quality of the Indonesian Navy personnel human resources serving in Maritime Security Operations Sector through analysis of CBA (Cost and Benefit Analysis) and SUG (Seriousness, Urgently and Growth) Model. The result of this research is improving knowledge and insights of Indonesian Navy personnel on legal matters, particularly maritime security law is very important to endorse the implementation of the vision and mission of the navy.

Livestock Vessel Investment Analysis of KM Camara Nusantara I in Indonesia

DKI Jakarta Province is a major consumer area in Indonesia. Due to almost all of the beef demand was supplied from other province and even different islands. One of problems regarding inter-island beef cattle distribution was using cargo ship that has not equipped with special facilities for livestock transportation. Accordingly government make the first investment of livestock vessel namely KM Camara Nusantara (CN) I to smooth livestock distributionto DKI Jakarta Province. The investment cost is very high. Therefore this research is intended to analyze the investment feasibility of livestock vessel KM CN I on nonfinancial aspects, financial and economic analyses. Nonfinansial aspect analysis reviewed from market, technical, management and legal, social economic and culture, and environment aspects. Financial and economic analyses use Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA) which is economic analyses use shadow price. Nonfinancial aspects analysis indicates that the investment is feasible. Financial analysis show that the investment is not feasible based on NPV 0, B/C Ratio>1, IRR>discount rate and Payback Periode is 13.11 year. Keywords: Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA), investment feasibility, KM Camara Nusantara I livestock vessel.

TELEMEDICINE AVOIDS UNNECESSARY TRANSFER OF AMI PATIENTS

Latin America Telemedicine Infarct Network (LATIN) employed telemedicine to construct a population-based AMI program in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. It increased access, accuracy and guidelines-based care and addressed fiscal issues. We report a cost and benefit analysis (CBA) of LATIN

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI KAPAL KHUSUS ANGKUTAN TERNAK DI INDONESIA SKENARIO RUTE CELUKAN BAWANG-TANJUNG PRIOK-CIREBON

Government had made the first livestock vessel investment in Indonesia, namely KM Camara Nusantara I (KM CN I) which was operationalizing since 2016. The livestock vessel supported beef cattle distribution from East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) to DKI Jakarta Province by route Tenau-Waingapu-Tanjung Priok-Cirebon. In addition the government makes another new 5 livestock vessels investment which is one of them planned for beef cattle distribution from Bali Province by Celukan Bawang Port to DKI Jakarta Province by Tanjung Priok Port. Livestock vessel investment required high cost up to Rp 58 billion per unit. Moreover the operational of KM CN I still subsidized by the government. Therefore the objective of this study is to analyze livestock vessel investment by route scenario Celukan Bawang-Tanjung Priok-Cirebon on nonfinancial aspect, financial, economic and sensitivity analyses. Nonfinancial aspect analysis used descriptive method. Financial and economic analyses used Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA), with shadow price for economic analysis. Sensitivity analysis used switching value method. Nonfinancial aspect analysis indicated the investment feasible. Financial analysis for livestock vessel return scenario to Celukan Bawang Port without cargo and carrying feed cargo are not feasible (NPV<0). Economic analysis for return scenario without cargo is not feasible (NPV<0), meanwhile for return scenario by carrying feed cargo is feasible (NPV>0, B/C Ratio>1, IRR 5.70% higher than discount rate, and Payback Period 13.84 years). Sensitivity analysis indicated the investment is feasible by minimum increase in the price of ticket fare 534.56% for return scenario without cargo and 410.12% by carrying feed cargo.

Advanced Fault Tolerant Air-Fuel Ratio Control of Internal Combustion Gas Engine for Sensor and Actuator Faults

The reliability of a process machine can be significantly enhanced by introducing a fault-tolerant control system in it. Hardware redundancy is an important aspect to enhance fault tolerance capability and is studied in this paper. A novel modified triple modular redundancy (MTMR) approach is proposed for the sensors to avoid a shutdown in the case of simultaneous faults in more than one sensor, and dual redundancy is proposed for the actuators to avoid a single point of failure due to the single actuator fault. The performance of the control system is verified by simulation in MATLAB Simulink environment. The proposed MTMR fulfills the gap in conventional TMR by maintaining stability even in the case of simultaneous faults in two channels. Cost and benefit analysis (CBA) is carried out to determine the financial feasibility of the implementation of the proposed system. The results of the CBA demonstrate that the proposed system is financially feasible due to the positive net present value and small breakeven period.

Extended benefit cost analysis as an instrument of economic valuated in Petungkriyono forest ecosystem services

Petungkriyono is the last tropical forest in Java and provides biodiversity including rare flora and fauna that must be maintained, managed and utilized in order to give meaning for humanity and sustainability. Services of Forest Ecosystem in Petungkriyono are included such as goods supply, soil-water conservation, climate regulation, purification environment and flora fauna habitats. The approach of this study is the literature review from various studies before perceiving the influenced of economic valuation in determining the measurement conservation strategies of Petungkriyono Natural Forest Ecosystem in Pekalongan Regency. The aims of this study are to analyzing an extended benefit cost of natural forest ecosystems and internalizing them in decision making. The method of quantification and valuation of forest ecosystem is Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA) which is a standard economic appraisal tools government in development economics. CBA offers the possibility capturing impact of the project. By using productivity subtitution value and extended benefit cost analysis any comodity such as Backwoods,Pine Woods, Puspa woods and Pine Gum. Water value, preventive buildings of landslide and carbon sequestration have total economic value of IDR.163.065.858.080, and the value of Extended Benefit Cost Ratio in Petungkriyono is 281.35 %. However, from the result is expected the local government of Pekalongan to have high motivation in preserve the existence of Petungkriyono forest.

Efficiency of two nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethypyrazole phosphate) on soil nitrogen transformations and plant productivity: a meta-analysis.

Dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethypyrazole phosphate (DMPP) are often claimed to be efficient in regulating soil N transformations and influencing plant productivity, but the difference of their performances across field sites is less clear. Here we applied a meta-analysis approach to compare effectiveness of DCD and DMPP across field trials. Our results showed that DCD and DMPP were equally effective in altering soil inorganic N content, dissolve inorganic N (DIN) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. DCD was more effective than DMPP on increasing plant productivity. An increase of crop yield by DMPP was generally only observed in alkaline soil. The cost and benefit analysis (CBA) showed that applying fertilizer N with DCD produced additional revenues of $109.49 ha−1 yr−1 for maize farms, equivalent to 6.02% increase in grain revenues. In comparisons, DMPP application produced less monetary benefit of $15.67 ha−1 yr−1. Our findings showed that DCD had an advantage of bringing more net monetary benefit over DMPP. But this may be weakened by the higher toxicity of DCD than DMPP especially after continuous DCD application. Alternatively, an option related to net monetary benefit may be achieved through applying DMPP in alkaline soil and reducing the cost of purchasing DMPP products.

Cost Benefit Analysis for the Renewable Installation in Inter-Intelligent Renewable Energy Network

In this paper, we target the specific smart grid concept called “Inter-Intelligent Renewable Energy Network (i-Rene)”, which is characteristically associated with PV panel, micro storage and regional electricity market. In this smart grid, every houses has an artificial intelligence agent which leans optimal treading strategy to minimise the payment of residents. From the economic standpoint, we take the cost-and-benefit-analysis (CBA) on the optimal installation of PV panels and micro storages in this smart grid. To take the CBA, we use actual measured values about power demand profiles and power production profiles which were obtained in 2010 at Shiga, Japan. In accordance with this analysis, we also discuss the necessary condition for achieving Grid parity of smart grid i-Rene.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Implementing RFID System in Port of Kaohsiung

The largest port in Taiwan, Port of Kaohsiung port, has the geographic advantage in East Asia. More than one million of Transshipment containers export and import in Port of Kaohsiung each year. In order to reduce smuggling cases, Taiwan Customs requests all Transshipment containers should be escorted while transferring from carrier yard to the port terminal. Therefore, Taiwan government decides to replace manual escorts with RFID e-seal system to be more security and efficient. The new system can save the inspection time, the expenses for additional Customs, and the escort fee for liner companies. This paper presents a scenario analysis to evaluate the cost and benefit analysis (CBA) of implementing the RFID E-seal system in Port of Kaohsiung. This is the first study on Transshipment containers by implementing new technology. In order to achieve the purpose, this research establish cost-benefit model, and evaluate the CBA with proposed scenario. Finally, the cost-benefit ratio can be determined by the model and two scenarios analyses were concerned to evaluate the RFID system in the future. The result indicated that the implementation of RFID e-seal system does not significantly favor to the Customs although the overall benefits to the whole system is greater than the cost. The results of CBA can be beneficial to the different stakeholders in allocating the limited monetary resources.

Financial analysis and optimal size and operation for a multicarrier energy system

The interest on distributed generation has been increasing in recent years, mainly due to technical development on generation systems that meet environmental and energy policy concerns. One of the most important distributed energy technologies is combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) systems. CCHP is a small and self-contained electric, heating and cooling generation plant that can provide power for household applications, commercial or industrial facilities. It can reduce power loss and enhance service reliability in distribution systems.An important factor for the users is the capital cost of CCHP which is largely dependent on its type, capacity and efficiency. Therefore, among all existing commercial CCHP technologies, certain economic choices are to be taken into account. Cost and benefit analysis (CBA) is one of the most common approaches to maximize financial benefits.In this paper, a model to find the optimal size and operation of CCHP, auxiliary boiler, heat and electrical storage unit for users is proposed by considering an integrated view of electricity and natural gas network using GAMS software. Then, as a case study, for a hotel in Tehran, this method is implemented. Finally, by applying COMFAR III software, useful financial parameters are calculated for the proposed multicarrier energy system with optimal elements.

The Situation and Comparative Advantage of Soybean Production in the Mekong River Delta of Viet Nam

With about 68% farmers of total population, Viet Nam is a long traditional agricultural country whose farmers have good experience and skill. Annually, Viet Nam has been exporting a lot of agricultural products and getting a large amount of foreign currency supporting governmental budget. In recent times, due to increasing gradually the quantity of export, Vietnamese become the world’s leading exporter of rice after Thailand, of cashew after Indo and rivals Brazil for first place in coffee exports. Moreover, Viet Nam also stands the top– leading position of other agricultural product exporter such as rubber, black pepper and so on. Although the contribution of farmers is very important for economy, they still get very lower income than the rest of population and this creates the gap between rural and urban areas. To solve the problems, Government has applied variety of agricultural policies to increase the farmers’ income such as supporting and introducing the new technology, forming different policies to subsidy the output and input of agriculture and so on. However, up to now there are a few researches on how the agricultural policies have an impact on farmers? Whether farmers receive any benefits from policies given by the Government or not? Answering these questions is of critical importance for policy analysis. In this paper, by using the method of policy analysis matrix (PAM) to analyze the situation of the soybean production in the MRD, the study reveals clearly the answer of the above questions. Moreover, the analysis of a PAM could show if the MRD have potential development of soybean product, in other words, whether soybean cultivation has a comparative advantage in the MRD in separate, in Viet Nam in general or not. The result of study can partly provide policy makers and others who are interested in agricultural economics more information about the situation of agriculture in Viet Nam. The first section of the study discusses the calculation of cost and benefit analysis (CBA) and the theoretical framework and some useful policy parameters of a PAM. The second section reviews the current situation of soybean production in the MRD. The third section presents results, some sensitivity analyses of a PAM and policy simulations to help determine the likely changes on PAM’s parameters and the finally some conclusions.

Intergenerational discounting: A case from Hong Kong

In debating sustainable development issues such as climate changes and nuclear waste disposal, policymakers usually base their decisions on cost-and-benefit analysis (CBA), which evaluates tradeoffs between costs and benefits spanning over a century. Fundamental to this approach is the choice of an intergenerational discount rate for a society. Observable market rates, however, are mostly available up to 30 years only (e.g. US bonds), which do not necessarily reflect the long-term discount rate for a society to deal with sustainable development. A number of studies have demonstrated that a small change in the discount rate can drastically alter the CBA's outcome. This paper seeks to unveil the market's intergenerational discount rate by analyzing a very “long-lived” and inheritable asset—land property. By examining a mix of lease tenures (50, 75, 99, and 999 years) and their transactions, we found that 999-year property commands a significant premium of 5.74% over 99-year property from 1992 through 2006. The premium implies an intergenerational discount rate of 4.31% p.a. on average, which is significantly lower than the intragenerational discount rate. The discount rate so unveiled would contribute to a more informed intergenerational decision analysis, such as evaluating the cost-effectiveness of environmental legislation and assessing very long-term pollution damages in court. The result also has important implications for real estate valuation practices in China, as all land in Mainland China and Hong Kong is leasehold.