Cos Phi Research Articles

Power Factor Optimization with Cos Phi Mode Trainee

The power factor cos phi measures the efficiency of using electrical power in a system. A low power factor indicates the presence of high reactive power consumption, which can lead to increased energy losses and operational costs. To overcome this problem, an effective power factor regulation system is required. This research designed and developed the Cos Phi Trainer, which operates in two modes, manual and automatic, to improve the power factor at an electrical load. The system is designed to give users a practical understanding of measuring and improving power factors by setting up compensation capacitors. In manual mode, the user directly sets the value of the capacitor used to fix the power factor. While in automatic mode, the system uses current and voltage sensors to measure the power factor value in real-time and automatically adjusts the capacitor to achieve the optimal power factor. The trainer has an easy-to-use interface and a measurement panel that displays important parameters such as current, voltage, active power, reactive power, and power factor. The test results show that the system can significantly increase the power factor in manual and automatic modes. Thus, this Cos Phi Trainer is an effective tool for training in the laboratory of Indorama Engineering Polytechnic and teaching about electrical power management and energy loss reduction in the electrical system. Keywords: Power factor, manual, active power, reactive power, trainer

Near Field Communication (NFC)-Based Prepaid Smart Power Meter

An essential part of an electric energy service is an electrical power meter. Numerous customers have already expressed dissatisfaction over the electric meter's faulty readings. The development of an electrical power meter with an NFC reader is presented in this study. When an NFC card is successfully scanned by the NFC reader, the power meter is turned on and ready to deliver electricity. Before the electricity is automatically turned off, or when the credit is almost low, the display will show the alert. By experiment, PZEM 004T sensor use 3 loads, namely 60 W, 75 W and 100 W for testing current, voltage and cos phi and have error of 0 – 1.20%. In balance reduction with loads of 60 W, 75 W, and 100 W with a time gap of 5 and 10 minutes, there is an error reduction of 11.5 – 17.4%. Thus, this electricity meter with NFC reader is suitable for monitoring and controlling electricity usage.

Monitoring and Control System for Electrical Energy Consumption Based on The Internet of Things

Electrical energy consumption in the household sector is frequently uncontrolled, particularly when electronic devices are used. That is the tendency of users to forget to turn off or unplug the electronic device from the socket. In that case, modifications are made to the socket so that it can be controlled remotely via a smartphone. The hardware design uses the NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller combined with the PZEM-004T sensor module for electrical magnitude. Relay modules are used to secure the circuit in cases of higher loads. So that in the system, all three sockets can be monitored simultaneously. While the software design uses MIT App Inventor and Thingspeak Platform as servers. The data is saved in CSV format, which can be converted to Google Sheets or Microsoft Excel. Data is stored in the form of the name of the electronic equipment, the time of use, as well as voltage, current, power, cos phi, and electrical energy used. So that users can regulate the use of electrical equipment at home and reduce the waste of electrical energy. The test results showed the average faults for voltage, current, power, cos phi, and energy were 0.06%, 5.32%, 5.67%, 0.7%, and 7%, respectively.

Design a Realtime Datalogger on a Simple House KWH Meter with a Capacity of 1300 VA

At this time, monitoring tools that directly monitor electricity usage in the home are very necessary, because in this era of global warming, it requires us to be a little careful in order to use electricity effectively. Where if we do not control electricity usage, the costs charged per month could increase and become burdensome in the payment process. This research designs a KWH meter monitoring tool with output estimates of usage costs so that the tool created can minimize costs in the field of electricity usage. Design a circuit where the tool can display the values ​​of voltage, current, frequency and cos phi flowing through the KWH, then also display the usage costs for a week which is indicated by a buzzer sound if usage has exceeded normal limits. The next step is the validation or calibration process for the designed tool which is planned to be able to test the tool that has been made. The results obtained from designing a realtime datalogger tool on this KWH meter can monitor household electrical energy usage with a capacity of 1300 VA where the monitoring aspects that can be displayed include voltage, current, power factor, usage power and usage costs while this tool is installed. The main system of this tool is driven by an Arduino UNO microcontroller which is programmed so that it can display voltage, current, power factor, usage power and usage costs. In the tool system that has been created, the error rate of voltage measurements is <1%. The error rate in reading current and power factor (PF) is <3%. Meanwhile, the error rate in reading power and usage costs is <9%. Keywords: Monitoring, KWH, Data Logger

Analisis Perbandingan Faktor Daya Pada Motor Kompressor Type Electromotor 15 KW

This study analyzes the comparison of the power factor on the compressor motor type electromotor 15 kw (30 Bar/High pressure) at PT. Natural gas is a means of work. The power factor is the power losses generated by the electricity in the compressor motor, the power factor is also useful for limiting large power expenditures and the power factor or cos phi has a ratio between active power and apparent power. The results of this study indicate that the comparison of the power factor on the load of the 15 kw electromotor compressor motor at the initial start of the motor can be seen manually counting data and graphs every week. In the first week of total, 0.85 compared to the data for the second week, third week, and fourth week.

Rancang Bangun Kwh Meter Digital Menggunakan Internet of Things

In general, the kWh meter is installed in a distribution substation that supplies electrical energy to the building. The weakness of ordinary kWh meters cannot provide real information on electricity consumption. Measuring and recording the use of electrical energy still requires human power. By utilizing an internet network based on the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, this research aims to design and manufacture a digital kWh meter to monitor and control the use of electrical energy in buildings in real-time on a website. Using the website and the MYSQL-PHPMyAdmin Database as data storage. The PZEM-004T sensor is used to measure the electrical energy used, then it is processed on the Wemos D1 Mini microcontroller. From the test results that have been carried out, the digital Kwh meter has succeeded in monitoring and controlling the use of electrical energy through the website in real-time. Percentage average error value: voltage: 0.44% - 0.49%, current: 0.36%, cos phi leading: 39%, cos phi lagging: 1%, power: 0.93% - 2.68%, kWh: 16.3%, frequency: 0 %.

Planning a Protection Coordination System Against Over Current Relays and Ground Fault Relays Using the NN Method

PT PAMA PERSADA is one of the power plants located in Kalimantan, Barunang which has 2 feeders. In one of the feeders, protection coordination often occurs. These disturbances can hamper the performance of the company PT PAMA PERSADA. This turned out to be a disturbance in the coordination of protection types of overcurrent relays and ground fault relays. Where in the end it takes an evaluation analysis of the relay setting coordination using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) 19.0.1 software on the electrical system. The disturbance that occurs is in feeder 2 which is divided into KM30 and Parilahung substations. This disturbance occurs because the relay coordination trips work simultaneously. From the results of the ETAP simulation, the power value is 4.164 KW, the reactive power is 780.3 KVAR, the apparent power is 4.237 KVA, and the cos phi value used is 0.9. Meanwhile, the protection coordination setting meets the IEEE 60255 standard with a grading time of 0.2 – 0.6 second. After being successfully simulated with the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) 19.0.1 software, it was continued with the Matlab software which was used as an optimization of the relay settings and the use of the working effect of the NN (Neural Network) method. In accordance with the MSE (Main Square Error) value it reached 0.33452.

An optimal deep learning based Islanding power quality detection technique for distributed generation systems

Power quality disturbance (PQD) defines the presence of inconsistencies that occur in the usual wave shapes of voltage and current signals. Power quality is considered the main challenge for power industry with the increase in dynamic load and highly subtle electronic devices. Besides, the islanding events, particularly unintended islanding, grasp significant challenges and it needs to be identified at the early stage. Islanding is an anomalousstate in the power system, where the distributed generators (DGs) are placed on supplying electrical energy to the local load even after the shortage of the major grid. Therefore, it is essential to identify and differentiate the PQ events and islanding events in ensuring pollution-free power, equipment, and labor safety. With this motivation, this paper presents an automated optimal deep learning based islanding detection (AODL-ID) technique. The proposed AODL-ID technique involves three major stages namely decomposition, classification, and hyperparameter tuning. Firstly, an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach is utilized to decompose the basic signals from the polluted signals. In addition, bidirectional gated recurrent neural network (BiGRNN) technique is employed for the classification of islanding and non-islanding PQ events in the wind energy penetrated DG systems by means of features (Voltage and current (RMS, half-cycle, peak and fundamental) Frequency. Power Factor / Cos Phi. Power and energy (active, reactive, harmonic, apparent)). Since the hyperparameters play a significant role in overall classification performance, the hyperparameter tuning of the BiGRNN model takes place using chaotic crow search algorithm (CCSA). To examine the enhanced classification outcome of the AODL-ID technique, a set of experimental analyses is carried out and the outcomes are investigated interms of various evaluation metrics. The simulation outcomes highlighted the supremacy of the AODL-ID technique over the compared techniques.

Monitoring Pengunaan Daya 3 Phase Dengan Notifikasi Berbasis Telegram

Voltage Monitoring, current, and power on the panel are a must because this monitoring can see the magnitude of the voltage, current, cos phi, and power on the load. One of these monitoring is to determine the quality of electricity, such as drop voltage, low cos phi. In this era of technology, monitoring can be viewed using mobile, so users don't need to come to the panel and see the measurement results, users look at the smartphone device. In this research, a researcher will make a tool that can monitor electrical measurements in 3 phase panel using mobile on a microcontroller. Data will process from the current transformer at 3 phase panel by the ESP8266 microcontroller to convert into three-phase voltage, current, and power figures. The ESP8266 microcontroller which is equipped with wifi can be used for remote monitoring. An android smartphone with a telegram software application will function as communicate via wifi with the ESP8266 microcontroller so that all measurement data can also be monitored on the smartphone. The reading of the electric power monitoring tool has an accuracy of 97.39%. This shows that the tool can function very well.

Optimized Gains for the Control of Islanded Solar Photovoltaic and Wind System

This paper deals with a system that consists of a combination of wind and solar sources. The wind energy unit is the primary energy source that feeds the load and is controlled by the I cos Phi algorithm. The algorithm’s efficiency is tested under normal operation and when one of the phases in the load is disconnected. This algorithm efficiently maintains the voltage and frequency during these conditions. The solar unit is directly connected with the battery energy storage system and is used to charge the battery. It implements MPPT using Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. The hybrid system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is found to perform and maintain the frequency and the potential at the load side and the point of common coupling under normal operation and varying load conditions. I cos Phi algorithm, which controls the switching signals, requires simple calculations for generating reference source currents. This algorithm does not need conversion from one frame to another, making the system respond for quick dynamics and improved power quality. The perturb and observe method is proven to ensure the maximum power extraction from the solar panel. Thus, the combination of these two techniques makes the system act efficiently and handle load disturbances.

PROTOTYPE MONITORING ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 220V OF WIND POWER PLANT (PLTB) BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Abstract - Electrical energy is a human daily need that cannot be separated, even the need for electrical energy has increased every year. This is evident from the construction of renewable energy plants in areas with potential. In this thesis, a control and monitoring system for a vertical turbine wind power plant prototype will be made using the internet based on IoT (Internet of Things) technology. Where the IoT technology here, the author uses the Thingspeak and Blynk applications which are used to monitor the electrical energy output from the wind power plant (PLTB) and the output from the 220V inverter. The purpose of using IOT technology is to make it easier to monitor and control the voltage, current and output power of wind power plants from anywhere and anytime via the internet. For the manufacture of this tool in need of a voltage sensor, current sensor, relay, LCD and NodeMCU. The voltage sensor uses PZEM 004T which functions to read the value of voltage, current, cos phi and frequency, relay1 serves to limit the output voltage from the dynamo generator and relay2 to limit the output voltage to 220V in case of equipment problems, NodeMCU functions to process data read from the sensor, this NodeMCU already equipped with a WIFI module that functions to send data to an internet server so that it can be controlled and monitored anywhere and anytime. The results of the tests carried out measurements for 2 hours on the load of the iron, fan, television, 1 phase AC motor, soldering iron, dispenser, laptop charger, incandescent lamp, and refrigerator using the 004T PZEM sensor resulted in an error of 0.28% - 0.3%.

Proteus ISIS simulation for power factor calculation using zero crossing detector

One of the important parameters for electrical systems is the power factor (cos phi), which is the ratio of the real power (watt) to the apparent power (volt ampere). The best cos phi value is between 0.85 to 1. A resistive load causes the voltage and current in equal phase angle, while the inductive load causes the current to lag behind the voltage. On the other hand, the capacitive load causes the current to precede the voltage (leading). A simulation to determine the power factor of an electrical network can be done with Proteus ISIS software by creating a phase detection circuit. Automatic control can be done by a microcontroller. This simulation circuit can be used as power factor correction, a trigger angle on SCR trigger for DC motor speed control, for rocket launch angle adjuster, to measure the angle of inclination, and other uses relating to angle adjustments.

Transverse energy\u2013energy correlations of jets in the electron\u2013proton deep inelastic scattering at HERA

We study the event shape variables, transverse energy–energy correlation TEEC (cos phi ) and its asymmetry ATEEC (cos phi ) in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at the electron–proton collider HERA, where phi is the angle between two jets defined using a transverse-momentum (k_T) jet algorithm. At HERA, jets are defined in the Breit frame, and the leading nontrivial transverse energy–energy correlations arise from the 3-jet configurations. With the help of the NLOJET++, these functions are calculated in the leading order (LO) and the next-to-leading order (NLO) approximations in QCD at the electron–proton center-of-mass energy sqrt{s}=314 GeV. We restrict the angular region to -0.8 le cos phi le 0.8, as the forward- and backward-angular regions require resummed logarithmic corrections, which we have neglected in this work. Following experimental jet-analysis at HERA, we restrict the DIS-variables x, y=Q^2/(x s), where Q^2=-q^2 is the negative of the momentum transfer squared q^2, to 0 le x le 1, 0.2 le y le 0.6, and the pseudo-rapidity variable in the laboratory frame (eta ^mathrm{{lab}}) to the range -1 le eta ^mathrm{{lab}} le 2.5. The TEEC and ATEEC functions are worked out for two ranges in Q^2, defined by 5.5,mathrm{GeV}^2 le Q^2 le 80,mathrm{GeV}^2, called the low-Q^2-range, and 150,mathrm{GeV}^2 le Q^2 le 1000,mathrm{GeV}^2, called the high-Q^2-range. We show the sensitivity of these functions on the parton distribution functions (PDFs), the factorization (mu _F) and renormalization (mu _R) scales, and on alpha _s(M_Z^2). Of these the correlations are stable against varying the scale mu _F and the PDFs, but they do depend on mu _R. For the choice of the scale mu _R= sqrt{langle E_Trangle ^2 +Q^2}, advocated in earlier jet analysis at HERA, the shape variables TEEC and ATEEC are found perturbatively robust. These studies are useful in the analysis of the HERA data, including the determination of alpha _s(M_Z^2) from the shape variables.

AUDIT ENERGI LISTRIK DAN BOILER PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT KAPASITAS 60 TON/JAM

Palm Oil Factory Energy consists of steam and electricity. To increase the performance, energy will to be audited. Electrical measurements are carried out at the power house, panels at each station and some electric motors. Measurement in the main panel uses a power quality analyzer that can measure power, power factor, harmonics, unbalance and other electrical parameters. For measurement of mechanical equipment with steam energy such as boilers and turbines using temperature measuring devices with infrared thermal imaging tools FLIR brand. The quality of electric power with a total harmonic of 5.12% and individual harmonics of 2.78%. Voltage and current unbalance are 0.09% and 0.15%. Voltage drop is equal to 3 volts. The use of electricity utilities is 22.81 kW / ton FFB. The factory has cos phi of 0.84 but requires automatic power factor correction. The efficiency of boilers is 64.19% with the biggest losses being dry flue gas of 20.19% and oyher boiler of 67.82% with the biggest losses being dry flue gas of 16.45%.

Monitoring Tegangan, Arus, Dan Daya Secara Real Time untuk Perbaikan Faktor Daya Secara Otomatispada Jaringan Listrik Satu Fase Berbasis Arduino

Electrical appliances in industrial and residential are now much inductive, consequently causing thepower factor value less than 1 (one), so the power capacity installed to the customer is not optimal.Power factor improvements are needed to improve the efficiency of active power usage so that it canbe maximized. To overcome this, a device is made to automatically improve the power factor due toinductive load changes, ie by installing capacitors in parallel to the source automatically using anArduino-controlled switch when the power factor value is less than 0.85. The test results show that thispower factor repair system is working automatically, real time and recorded on microSD. The powerfactor value can be up to 0.92 with 4.5 μF to 18 μF capacitors at inductive loads of 40 W to 225 Wwith error at 7.06% current sensor, 0.50% sensor, cos phi sensor 4.20%. All measurements aredisplayed on the LCD and recorder on SDCard.

Boer-Mulders effect in the unpolarized pion induced Drell\u2013Yan process at COMPASS within TMD factorization

We investigate the theoretical framework of the cos 2phi azimuthal asymmetry contributed by the coupling of two Boer-Mulders functions in the dilepton production unpolarized pi p Drell–Yan process by applying the transverse momentum dependent factorization at leading order. We adopt the model calculation results of the unpolarized distribution function f_1 and Boer-Mulders function h_1^perp of pion meson from the light-cone wave functions. We take into account the transverse momentum dependent evolution effects for both the distribution functions of pion and proton by adopting the existed extraction of the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor for the pion and proton distribution functions. An approximate kernel is included to deal with the energy dependence of the Boer-Mulders function related twist-3 correlation function T_{q,F}^{(sigma )}(x,x) needed in the calculation. We numerically estimate the Boer-Mulders asymmetry nu _{BM} as the functions of x_p, x_pi , x_F and q_T considering the kinematics at COMPASS Collaboration.

Rancang Bangun Kapasitor Bank Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega 328P Untuk Perbaikan Faktor Daya

Inductive load with low power factor has led to the greater load current so that it is required a power factor improvement. Improvement of power factor in inductive load can be carried out by installing capacitor according to required proportion. Installation of capacitors can be used in parallel or series to electric source.The method of making design is divided into two parts, namely, the first is the designing of hardware and the second is the designing of the software. The designing of hardware consists of designing the power supply circuit, driver relay circuit, LCD circuit, minimum system circuit of ATmega 328P, capacitor bank circuit, current sensor circuit and voltage sensor circuit. The sensors used in this study were a non-invasive type SCT013-010 current sensor and a voltage sensor of a 500 mA type zero transformer. The design of software was in the form of work program tools that use the application of Arduino IDE. LCD displays the readout values of voltage, load current, active power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor. The ATmega 328P microcontroller processes data and determines the working relay so that the purpose of power factor value by cos phi ? 0.85 is achieved. The results achieved in this research is the design of automatic bank capacitor based on microcontroller of ATmega 328P can improve power factor by conducting injection capacitor to raise the power factor value according to PLN standard by cos phi ? 0.85 by connecting capacitor to the source of PLN paralleled by a single phase inductive load.

J/psi production in polarized and unpolarized ep collision and Sivers and cos 2phi asymmetries

We calculate the Sivers and cos 2phi azimuthal asymmetries in J/psi production in the polarized and unpolarized semi-inclusive ep collision, respectively, using the formalism based on the transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs). The non-relativistic QCD-based color octet model is employed in calculating the J/psi production rate. The Sivers asymmetry in this process directly probes the gluon Sivers function. The estimated Sivers asymmetry at z=1 is negative, which is in good agreement with the COMPASS data. The effect of TMD evolution on the Sivers asymmetry is also investigated. The cos 2phi asymmetry is sizable and probes the linearly polarized gluon distribution in an unpolarized proton.

Gluon TMDs in Quarkonium Production

Quarkonium production offers good possibilities to study gluon TMDs. In this proceedings contribution this topic is explored for the linearly polarized gluons inside unpolarized hadrons and unpolarized gluons inside transversely polarized hadrons. It is argued that chi _{b0/2} and eta _b production at LHC are best to study the effects of linearly polarized gluons in hadronic collisions, by means of angular independent ratios of ratios of cross sections. This can be directly compared to cos 2phi asymmetries in heavy quark pair and dijet production in DIS at a future high-energy Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), which probe the same TMDs. In the small-x limit this corresponds to the Weizsäcker–Williams (WW) gluon distributions, which should show a change in behavior for transverse momenta around the saturation scale. Together with investigations of the dipole (DP) gluon distributions, this can provide valuable information about the polarization of the Color Glass Condensate if sufficiently small x-values are reached. Quarkonia can also be useful in the study of single transverse spin asymmetries. For transversely polarized hadrons the gluon distribution can be asymmetric, which is referred to as the Sivers effect. It leads to single spin asymmetries in for instance J{/}psi (pair) production at AFTER@LHC, which probe the WW or f-type gluon Sivers TMD. It allows for a test of a sign-change relation w.r.t. the gluon Sivers TMD probed at an EIC in open heavy quark pair production. Single spin asymmetries in backward inclusive C-odd quarkonium production, such as J{/}psi production, may offer probes of the DP or d-type gluon Sivers TMD at small x-values in the polarized proton, which in that limit corresponds to a correlator of a single Wilson loop, describing the spin-dependent odderon.

PERENCANAAN FILTER PASIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DAYA LISTRIK DI KAMPUS DIPLOMA III FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP

Arkhan Subari, Saiful Manan, in this paper explain that most electronic equipment is non-linear load. Likewise with the equipment in campus buildings Diploma III Faculty of Engineering. Non-linear load is a load that has a voltage waveform supplied from non sinusiodal although sinusoidal voltage. Non-sinusoidal wave causes the shape of the voltage becomes distorted or defects that result in decreased quality of power. The defect wave called harmonics. To dampen harmonics on non-linear load can be used filter. With the addition of a filter on the power system, then the waves of unwanted harmonics can be suppressed as small as possible. In addition, harmonic filter at the fundamental frequency can compensate for reactive power and is used to improve the power factor of the system. From the measurement results in the Diploma Program Campus FT Undip found that the influence of harmonic waves big enough. THDv reached 32.13% while the THDi amounted to 7.85%. It affects so cos phi cos phi measured just 0.72. After the installation of a passive filter, the value THDv and THDi be good lebik ie 1.61% and 0.39% to reach 0.94 cos phi measured. Key word: non-linear loads, non-sinusoidal waveform, harmonics, power factor, filter LC