Corrosion Control Of Mild Steel Research Articles

Green Approach to Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in H3PO4 Using Chromolaena odorata Leaves Extract: Optimization

Green Approach to Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in H3PO4 Using Chromolaena odorata Leaves Extract: Optimization

Protection coatings for corrosion control of mild steel using phenolic polymeric deep eutectic solvents

Phenolic polymeric deep eutectic solvents form coloured complexes with iron surfaces which can be used as protection coatings for corrosion control of mild steel.

Synthesis of a novel environmentally friendly hybrid pigment for effective corrosion control of mild steel

This work aims to synthesize a novel environmentally friendly organic/inorganic hybrid pigment, based on sodium lignosulfonate and zinc acetate, to improve the anti-corrosion protection performance of the mild steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were employed to evaluate the anti-corrosion protection performance of the steel substrate after using the inhibitive pigment in saline solution. Moreover, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction patterns, and contact angle tests were used to evaluate the synthesized pigment's structure and inhibition mechanism. Based on the ICP-OES and UV–Vis results, the amount of the lignosulfonate molecules and Zn2+ cations releasing from the structure of the inhibitive pigments after 24 h immersion in saline solution is about 160 and 68 ppm, respectively. The electrochemical test results illustrated that the polarization resistance of the steel substrate improved from 4.53 kΩ.cm2 to 22.5 kΩ.cm2 after adding the inhibitive pigment to the saline solution. The production of the inhibitive film on the surface of the steel substrate is the main reason for this improvement.

Effect of Schiff's bases on corrosion protection of mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium: Electrochemical, quantum chemical and surface characterization studies

Schiff's bases such as (E)-3-(3-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (SB-1) and (E)-3-(5‑bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-(5‑bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydraquinazolin-4(1H)-one (SB-2) were synthesized and investigated to the surface interactions & corrosion protection performance on mild steel (MS) in 2 M HCl medium by means of weight loss, electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) techniques. Tafel polarization measurements showed that, the synthesized compounds were exhibited as mixed type (cathodic / anodic) inhibitors and the maximum protection efficiencies of 86.44% and 87.36% for SB-1 and SB-2 respectively were observed at optimized concentration. The corrosion control of MS in presence of inhibitors could evaluate through adsorption phenomenon and fitted to Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. Activation energy (Ea) values in absence of the inhibitor is minimum 51.45 kJ mol−1 and higher values of 89.98 kJ mol−1 and 70.09 kJ mol−1 in the presence of SB-1 and SB-2 respectively. Thermodynamic adsorption parameters such as ∆Hads, ∆Gads & ∆Sads were correlated to the corrosion inhibition process. Quantum chemical analysis revealed the nature of chemical interaction established between the inhibitor molecules and metal atoms. The change in surface morphology of mild steel and chemical interactions of inhibitor molecules on specimen surface were evaluated through FT-IR, Scanning electron microscopic linked with EDX, Atomic force spectroscopy and Contact angle techniques. Atomic force microscopic results revealed that, an average roughness of the mild steel surface has been reduced from 443 nm to 11.0 nm and 26.9 nm in presence SB-1 and SB-2 respectively.

Inhibiting Effect of Natural Plant Leaves Extract Used as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Abstract: Inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid by natural plant leaves extract of of Bahunia Varigata (Aapta), Azadirachta Indica (Neem), Pongamia Pinnata (Karanj), Santalum Album (Sandal Wood) and Astonia Scholaris (Saptparni) has studied using weight loss measurement. It was, found that the leaves extract act as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in all concentrations of the extract. The inhibition action depends on the concentration of the leaves extract in the acid solution. Results for weight loss measurements indicate that inhibition efficiency increase with increasing inhibitor concentration. Extract of natural plants is one of the most important metallic corrosion inhibitors. They are readily available, nontoxic, environmentally friendly, biodegradable, highly efficient, and renewable. Several organic compounds with heteroatom such as N, O, S and P present in the plant extracts are, adsorbed directly onto the metals surface through polar atoms and thereby forming the protective layer. Plants represent a class of interesting source of compounds currently being, explored for use in metal corrosion protection in most systems, as possible replacement of toxic synthetic inhibitors. This paper discusses the different types of natural green plant leaves extract inhibitors for corrosion control of mild steel in acid medium. Keywords: Corrosion, Inhibition, carbon steel, Weight loss and natural plant leaves extract.

A Creation of Poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline-co-2-chloroaniline) for Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

The current work discusses the synthesis and characterization of two homopolymers poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline) (PNHEANI), poly(2-chloroaniline) (P2ClANI), and a copolymer of poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline-co-2-chloroaniline) (PNHEANI-co-PClANI). PNHEANI-co-PClANI is chemically synthesized using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in an acidic medium at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. All created polymers are characterized by IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TGA analysis. The efficiency, for all the created polymers as a coating on steel in acidic medium, is performed and is well compared. Corrosion and impedance fitting parameters reveal that the prepared polymers under investigation are good corrosion inhibitors and in the following order: PNHEANI ≈ PNHEANI-co-P2ClANI > P2ClANI.

Sodium sulfite as an oxygen scavenger for the corrosion control of mild steel in petroleum refinery wastewater: optimization, mathematical modeling, surface morphology and reaction kinetics studies

Corrosion protection of mild steel in simulated refinery wastewater solution (2 wt% MgCl2) by sodium sulfite, as oxygen scavenger inhibitor type, was studied at different temperatures, inhibitor concentrations, rotational velocities and exposure times using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Oxygen concentrations were also monitored at initial and final conditions. The corrosion inhibition process was optimized by 24 full factorial experimental designs. Optimum conditions of minimum corrosion rate were 40 °C, 40 ppm, 1250 rpm, and 6 h for temperature, inhibitor concentration, rotational velocity, and exposure time. Oxygen levels were reduced by the addition of the scavenger. The amount of oxygen reacted and removed during the corrosion process was evaluated and mathematical relationships were obtained. Electrochemical measurements showed that the corrosion potential shifted to the more active direction and corrosion current decreased with the addition of scavenger. Surface morphology investigations proved that the addition of SS prevents the steel surface damages.

Electrochemical Investigation on the Acid Corrosion Control of Mild Steel using Biopolymer as an Inhibitor

The present work highlights the results of the application of a green inhibitor for material conservation. The anticorrosive performance of the pectin bio-polymer was established for the corrosion control of mild steel in a 1 M phosphoric acid medium. Electrochemical measurements such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were adopted for the corrosion inhibition studies. The studies were carried out by varying the concentrations of pectin in the temperature range from 303 K to 318 K. Conditions were optimized to get maximum inhibition efficiency. The surface morphology study was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and elemental mapping was done using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) studies to confirm the adsorption and interaction of the inhibitor with the material. Studies showed an increase in the inhibition efficiency with an increase in the concentration of pectin and also in the temperature. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 70% was achieved by the addition of 800 ppm of inhibitor. Pectin acted as a mixed type inhibitor by bringing down both cathodic and anodic reactions. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed chemical adsorption of pectin onto the mild steel surface. A suitable mechanism was proposed for the adsorption of pectin which was reaffirmed by the surface morphology studies. Pectin emerged as a potential eco-friendly green inhibitor for the corrosion control of mild steel, with economic benefits.

Application of modified graphene oxide – Polycaprolactone nanocomposite coating for corrosion control of mild steel in saline medium

Polycaprolactone (PCL), a non toxic biodegradable polymer has limited application in the field of corrosion. In this study graphene based nanoparticles are incorporated into PCL matrix in order to enhance its anti-corrosion performance. The influence of graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) nanosheets on the corrosion protection performance of PCL coating have been investigated. GO was functionalized with 8-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (BTP), and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The composite coating mixture consisted of GO/FGO-PCL matrix was applied on mild steel and surface of the coated samples were examined using Contact Angle technique, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Barrier and corrosion protection performance of the coated samples were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods in 3.5% NaCl medium. The results showed that FGO-PCL coating exhibit superior barrier and anti-corrosion properties by improving the dispersion and exfoliation of FGO in the PCL matrix. It is found that the incorporation of FGO nanosheets make PCL more hydrophobic and also provides additional adhesion strength to the polymer.

Experimental and Theoretical Studies for Tobacco Leaf Extract as an Eco-friendly Inhibitor for Steel in Saline Water

Corrosion control of mild steel in seawater solution using Tobacco Leaf Extract (TLE) is investigated at different inhibitor concentration and temperature by weight loss method. Inhibitor performance increases with a decrease in temperature and increases with the rise of inhibitor concentration. Adsorption acts in accordance with Freundlich adsorption isotherm, having negative values of adsorption in high temperature, signifying a spontaneous and stable course of inhibition. In order to construct a relationship between the corrosion percentage data and independent variables, mathematical models were proposed with high correlation coefficients. Following the AM1-SCF method, quantum chemistry specifications of inhibitor were computed, for activation of the adsorption of the TLE molecules on the steel exterior.

Synthesis and construction of a highly potent hybrid organic/inorganic anti-corrosive pigment for effective corrosion control of mild steel in simulated seawater

The major goal of this research was development of a corrosion inhibitive pigment based on Neodymium (III)-Benzimidazole (C7H6N2). The chemical composition of the Neodymium-Benzimidazole pigment (Nd-Bi) was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) (spectroscopy) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS and FT-IR results indicated strong chelation between Nd-Bi in the hybrid pigment. The ICP and UV–Vis analyses results reflected high release capability of inorganic and organic parts of the pigment in 3.5% NaCl solution and reached to the maximum concentration of 475 mg/L. Also the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA/DTG) results confirmed the chelation between the organic and inorganic parts of the Nd-Bi hybrid pigment. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that the Nd-Bi hybrid pigment addition to the saline solution yielded the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 83.6% and showed mixed type corrosion inhibitor response. The corrosion resistance of mild steel in the NaCl solution inhibited by 1 g/l Nd-Bi hybrid pigment extract was 9 times greater than the uninhibited steel sample, reflecting the precipitation of a protective film whose composition was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, XPS and contact angle measurements. The obtained results from surface characterizations confirmed the formation of a protective film by organic and inorganic parts of Nd-Bi pigment over the mild steel surface.

Electrochemical Investigation of Tetranitro Cobalt Phthalocyanine on Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium

Tetranitro cobalt phthalocyanine (TNCoPc) was used as a corrosion inhibition of mild steel in a 0.25 M hydrochloric acid medium using Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a temperature range of 303 to 323 K. The concentr

Theoretical and experimental investigations on corrosion control of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution by 4-aminothiophenol

PurposeThis paper aims to study inhibitory effect of 4-aminothiophenol on the corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M HCl.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, electrochemical experiments, quantum chemical calculations, potentiodynamic measurements, linear polarization resistance and scanning electron microscopy were used.FindingsThe experimental results suggest that this compound is efficient corrosion inhibitor and the inhibition efficiencies increase with increasing their (from 0.5 to 10.0 mM.) concentrations. This reveals that inhibitive actions of inhibitors were mainly due to adsorption on mild steel surface. The adsorption of these inhibitors was found to obey Langmuir adsorption model. The computed quantum chemical features show good correlation with empirical inhibition efficiencies.Originality/valueThe 4-aminothiophenol is suitable inhibitor for application in closed-circuit systems against corrosion. The study is original and has great impact in industrial area. The obtained theoretical results have been adapted with the experimental data.

Eco friendly green inhibitor Gum Arabic (GA) for the corrosion control of mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

Gum Acacia (GA) was evaluated for steel inhibition in acidic medium. Weight loss, EIS, and by polarization potentiodynamic curves were used to test it. GA showed a high efficiency in protecting steel from acid, and found as dependent on its concentration (1.0g/L). AFM allowed comparing the morphology of steel with GA, which was complemented with XPS spectroscopy, which confirmed the complete adsorption of GA by evaluating the surface film composition. Polarization resistance increases when GA concentration does, based on EIS characterization, indicating the formation of a protective layer whereas PDP results showed that, GA behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor.

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Oilfield Formation Water Using Some Schiff Base Metal Complexes

First, in this study, the inhibition efficiencies of metal complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) of STSC ligand for corrosion control of mild steel in oilfield formation water were investigated. The IEs for a mixture of 500 ppm STSC and 5 ppm metal ion (Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2) were found to be 88.77, 87.96 and 85.13 %, respectively. The results were obtained from the electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential, linear and tafel polarization methods. The polarization studies have showed that all used Schiff base metal complexes are anodic inhibitors. The protective film has been analyzed by FTIR technique. Also, to detect the presence of the iron-inhibitor complex, UV-Visible spectral analysis technique was used. The inhibitive effect was attributed to the formation of insoluble complex adsorbed on the mild steel surface and the adsorption process follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface morphology has been analyzed by SEM. Secondly, the computational studies of the ligand and its metal complexes were performed using DFT (B3LYP) method with the 6-311G** basis set. Finally, it is found that the experimental results were closely related to theoretical ones. Keywords: Mild steel, Schiff Base metal complexes, Oilfield formation water, Surface analyses, Corrosion inhibition, HOMO-LUMO

N,N'-Dialkylcystine Gemini and Monomeric N-Alkyl Cysteine Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl Solution: A Comparative Study.

Gemini surfactant, N,N′-dialkylcystine 2(C12Cys), derived from cystine, and a monomeric N-alkyl cysteine counterpart, (C12Cys), were synthesized and purified. The characterization of surfactants 2(C12Cys) and (C12Cys) was made by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The effect of 2(C12Cys) and (C12Cys) on mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was explored as a function of their concentration and electrolyte temperature by means of gravimetric and electrochemical experiments (potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), surface analytical techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)) and theoretical study. The investigated compounds exhibited surface active properties and performed as good inhibitors for corrosion control of mild steel (MS) in acid solution. However, compared to monomeric (C12Cys), Gemini surfactant 2(C12Cys) showed high corrosion inhibiting ability at very low concentration. The EIS results revealed a greater charge transfer resistance in 2(C12Cys) solution compared to that in (C12Cys) solution. SEM/EDAX observations validate the development of an inhibitive film by the adsorbed molecules of surfactant on the MS surface. The AFM micrographs supported the SEM/EDAX results and exhibited a lowering in the roughness of the corroded MS surface in the presence of both (C12Cys) and 2(C12Cys) surfactants. Further, quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations were used to study the dependence of corrosion inhibiting efficacy on the molecular structure and adsorption strength.

Corrosion control of mild steel in 0.1 M H2SO4solution by benzimidazole and its derivatives: an experimental and theoretical study

Corrosion inhibition studies of mild steel in H2SO4solution by some benzimidazole derivatives have been investigated using weight loss, electrochemical, density function theory, and molecular dynamics simulation methods.

Effect of molecular structure of aniline–formaldehyde copolymers on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Aniline–formaldehyde copolymers with different molecular structures have been prepared and investigated for the purpose of corrosion control of mild steel in hydrochloric acid. The copolymers were synthesized by a condensation polymerization process with different ratios of aniline to formaldehyde in acidic precursor solutions. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of as-synthesized copolymers for Q235 mild steel was investigated in 1.0molL−1 hydrochloric acid solution by weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. All the results demonstrate that as-prepared aniline–formaldehyde copolymers are efficient mixed-type corrosion inhibitors for mild steels in hydrochloric acid. The corrosion inhibition mechanism is discussed in terms of the role of molecular structure on adsorption of the copolymers onto the steel surface in acid solution.

Investigation on corrosion control of mild steel buried in soil by spent FCC catalyst coating

Effects of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria on corrosion behaviour of mild steel coated with modified spent FCC catalyst have been examined in soil extract solutions (SES) and that buried in soil. Coating of modified spent FCC catalyst was found to inhibit the growth of bacterial isolates from the soil which is represented as zone of inhibition. Efficacy of spent FCC catalyst was studied for the coated coupons immersed in SES. Cracks and interstices were found on uncoated coupons due to corrosion whereas coated surface remained unaffected. This is confirmed by the SEM analysis. It was also seen that coated coupon was undamaged under buried-in-soil conditions for 30 days.

Effect of Inhibitors on Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in Natural Aqueous Environment

Effect of Inhibitors on Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in Natural Aqueous Environment