Corrosion Behavior Of Metallic Materials Research Articles

Erratum to: Influence of grain refinement on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials: A review

Erratum to: Influence of grain refinement on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials: A review

Influence of grain refinement on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials: A review

Influence of grain refinement on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials: A review

Recent progress on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials in HF solution

Abstract Hydrofluoric acid (HF) or fluoride ion corrosion issues are often encountered in many fields, which have attracted extensive research due to its strong corrosiveness. In this paper, a critical review is presented based on recent progress on HF corrosion. In view of the discrepancy of fluoride ion compared with other ions, the special attack characteristics of fluoride ion are firstly discussed. Afterwards, the corrosion mechanisms of stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, and titanium alloys in HF solution or fluoride ion-containing environment are reviewed, and three typical corrosion behaviors are summarized, which are essentially weakening process of passivation of metallic materials. The effects of influencing factors (e.g. alloying elements, environmental factors, and stress, etc.) on HF corrosion are also discussed, which involve changes in passivation mechanism, the influence of HF attack mode and multiple damage mechanisms due to mechanical–chemical coupling. Finally, future research works on HF corrosion are proposed.

Corrosion behavior of Metallic Materials in Chicken Fat-Based Biodiesel

Corrosion behavior of Metallic Materials in Chicken Fat-Based Biodiesel

Effect of High-pressure Torsion on Corrosion Behavior of a Solution-treated Al-Mg-Sc Alloy in a Saline Solution

The effect of the increase in crystalline defects in the structure generated by high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials is not well understood. This report evaluates the influence of HPT on the corrosion behavior of a solution treated Al-3wt% Mg-0.2wt% Sc alloy in a 3.5 wt./v.% NaCl solution. The electrochemical behavior of the alloy was evaluated using cyclic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott Schottky, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry testing. The passive current density decreased after HPT processing, indicating a more protective oxide layer was formed on the surface of the HPT-processed alloy. Mott Schottky analysis confirmed the higher protection efficiency of the passive layer on the HPT-processed alloy. The film formed in the solution-treated alloy was a p-type and an n-type semiconductor while the alloy processed by HPT exhibited only an n-type semiconductor behavior. EIS showed that corrosion resistance in a saline medium increased with HPT processing.

Effects of silicon carbide on the corrosion of metallic materials in molten LiF-NaF-KF salt

The effects of silicon carbide (SiC) on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials in molten LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) salt were investigated. Results reveal that the corrosion products of SiC in molten FLiNaK salt can react with nickel-based alloy GH3535, Ni metal, 316L stainless steel, and Cr metal to form Ni31Si12, Ni3Si, CrFe8Si, and Cr3Si, respectively. The formation of silicide enhances the corrosion of GH3535 alloy in molten FLiNaK salt. The depletion of Cr along grain boundaries in alloys can promote the diffusion of silicon into the alloys and increase the corrosion depth.

Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Materials in Acidic-Functionalized Ionic Liquids

This paper describes the influence of temperature, water content, and anionic type of acidic-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BsMIM][HSO4]) and 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium toluenesulfonate ([BsMIM][OTs]), on the corrosion behavior of Fe, Ni, and 304 stainless steel (304SS). Electrochemical methods including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel plots were used to investigate it. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the nature of the corrosion morphology. The obtained electrochemical results indicated that increasing temperature accelerates the corrosion, while decreasing IL concentration retards the corrosion. The corrosion process is controlled by charge transfer. Moreover, the bisulfate anion (HSO4–) has an effect on the corrosion rate more significantly than the p-toluenesulfonate anion (OTs–) does. The SEM spectrum showed that the corrosion situation of Fe is more serious than Ni and 304SS...

Corrosion behavior of metallic materials in biomedical applications. II. Stainless steels and Co-Cr alloys

AbstractNumerous studies have been performed to investigate the corrosion behavior of Ti and its alloys, 316-type stainless steel, and Co-Cr alloys in simulated and actual physiological liquids. This review is the second of two parts and focuses on 316-type stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys. It deals with the forms of corrosion that are of principal interest with regard to these alloys in vivo: general corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and fretting corrosion. The review also addresses environmentally assisted cracking in the form of corrosion fatigue and hydrogen embrittlement as well as the use of implantable electrodes.

Corrosion behavior of metallic materials in biomedical applications. I. Ti and its alloys

AbstractThe use of metallic materials for implantable medical devices has prompted numerous studies aimed at characterizing the corrosion susceptibility of these materials and understanding their electrochemical behavior in simulated and actual physiological liquids. This review focuses on the forms of corrosion that are of principal interest for Ti and its alloysin vivo: general corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and fretting corrosion. It also addresses environmentally assisted cracking in the form of hydrogen embrittlement. Of particular interest is the susceptibility of Ti and its alloys to the different forms of corrosion with regard to both solution chemistry, especially the effect of organic species, and surface characteristics such as oxide composition, surface inclusions, and wear/fretting.

Predicted Water Chemistry in the Primary Coolant Circuit of a Supercritical Water Reactor

Among the six types of Generation IV reactors, the supercritical water reactor (SCWR) is the only one that adopts light water as the reactor coolant. Different from the boiling, two-phase coolant in the core of a traditional boiling water reactor (BWR), the coolant in an SCWR would remain in one phase throughout the entire primary coolant circuit (PCC) due to its much higher operating temperature (>374°C) and pressure (>22.1 MPa). For a conventional BWR, the coolant is relatively oxidizing due to the presence of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, directly or indirectly produced via water radiolysis. This outcome eventually leads to degradation of structural materials, primarily stress corrosion cracking. In an SCWR, the solubility of oxygen in the reactor coolant is extremely high. In the absence of the gas stripping effect in a single-phase coolant, worse degradation phenomena are expected to appear in the structural and core components. To ensure proper designs of the structural components and suitable selection of the materials to meet the requirements of operation safety, it would be of great assistance to the design engineers of an SCWR to be aware of the intrinsic state of water chemistry in the entire PCC. Since SCWRs are still at the stage of conceptual design and no practical data are available, a computer model was developed for determining the water chemistry variation and the corrosion behavior of metallic materials in the PCC of a conceptual SCWR. Radiolysis parameters used for calculating the concentrations of major redox species (i.e., [O2], [H2], and [H2O2]) in the reactor coolant were collected from literature reports. However, the lack of sufficient data necessitated that some were derived by extrapolation. Calculations indicated that the concentrations of the two major oxidizing species (H2O2 and O2) could become extremely high at locations inside or near the core, considerably higher than those in typical BWRs. It was therefore speculated that the structural materials in an SCWR may be exposed to an environment not only at a much higher temperature but also one that is more oxidizing than that in a conventional BWR.

Analysis of laser shock waves and resulting surface deformations in an Al–Cu–Li aluminum alloy

Laser shock processing is now a recognized surface treatment for improving fatigue or corrosion behaviour of metallic materials through the generation of a compressive stress field. In turn, the analysis of shock wave propagation is of primary importance to predict numerically morphological and mechanical surface modifications.Considering experimental and numerical analyses of shock wave propagation, and surface deformations induced by single impacts, a 2050 aluminum alloy having different microstructures was investigated under laser-shock loading. In a first step, the evolution of shock wave attenuation and elastic precursor amplitude was correctly reproduced by finite element simulations, and in a second step, surface deformations induced by 1–6 local impacts were also compared satisfactorily with experiments. This allowed us to validate mechanical loading and materials' constitutive law, but did not allow accurate determination of residual stress fields on a single impact.

EIS study of corrosion behavior of metallic materials in ethanol blended gasoline containing water as a contaminant

In the present paper, the effects of ethanol as a gasoline additive and water as a contaminant on the corrosion behavior of metallic components of a fuel delivery system were investigated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing was performed in both water-free and water contaminated gasoline containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% ethanol without the addition of any supporting electrolyte. The surface of the specimens examined in 10% ethanol blended gasoline was observed by scanning electron microscope to understand what types of corrosion attack occurred. The results revealed that the addition of ethanol to gasoline fuel decreased the solution resistance and polarization resistance values of the specimens, resulting in an increase in the corrosion rates of these specimens in ethanol blended gasoline. Water contaminant caused a decrease in the polarization resistance of the ferrous specimens, whereas the observed behavior in others was reversed. Among the investigated metallic materials, the brazing alloy fared the best while Al 6061 alloy showed satisfactory corrosion resistance compared to the rest of the materials in both water-free and water-contaminated ethanol blended gasoline. Moreover, no localized attack was observed in corrosion products.

Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Materials in Ethanol-Gasoline Alternative Fuels

Corrosion performances of several metallic materials (Al6061 and Al319 alloys, 304 stainless steel and grey cast iron) in the ethanol-gasoline alternative fuels were investigated. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests were used to study their corrosion behavior. Anodizing and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) techniques were used to produce oxide coatings on the Al6061 and Al319 alloys, and the corrosion properties of these coatings in the alternative fuel environments were also evaluated. The results showed that, the 304 stainless steel, Al6061 and the coating materials are compatible with the alternative fuels. The oxide coatings on both Al alloys provided effective corrosion protection in the alternative fuel environments.

A thin layer cell adapted for corrosion studies in confined aqueous environments

In order to investigate the influence of the confinement on the corrosion behaviour of metallic materials, an innovative thin layer electrochemical cell was developed. The cell includes a device which allows a continuous gas supply within the electrolyte film covering the metallic specimen under study. A procedure based on high frequency impedance measurements is also proposed to control and precisely adjust the setting of the electrolyte film geometry. The experimental set-up was validated by performing measurements of the stationary limiting cathodic current on a steel disk immersed in a K 2SO 4 aerated solution for various electrolyte layer thicknesses. The results obtained demonstrate the reliability of the experimental method.

環境有害物質処理プロセスと装置材料 超臨界環境における金属材料の腐食

環境有害物質処理プロセスと装置材料 超臨界環境における金属材料の腐食

Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Materials in the Cuban Caribbean Sea

Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Materials in the Cuban Caribbean Sea

定電位ＳＳＲＴ法によるフェライト系ステンレス鋼の腐食挙動に関する研究

The stress corrosion cracking or hydrogen embrittlement is defined as the localized fracture phenomenon caused by the interaction between applied stress and electrochemical process. Recently, a number of studies incorporating the electrochemical method and the slow strain rate technique (SSRT) have been carried out in various corrosive environments as a way for understanding the corrosion behavior of metallic materials in a short period.In this study, in order to clarify the corrosion behavior of two types of ferritic stainless steels which were made by laboratory, the SSRT tests were carried out under those potentials corresponding to the hydrogen evolution region, stable passive state region, transpassive state region and pitting corrosion region of the anodic polarization curve which was obtained in 3% NaCl solution. Also the changes of current and mechanical properties in both test specimens were compared and examined.The main results obtained are summarized as follows.(1) The presence of the stable passive and unstable transpassive state regions was confirmed in both test specimens from the measurement of anodic polarization curves in 3% NaCl solution. The passive film formed on No.2 specimen which contains 2% nickel may be considered as stable, because the passive current in the passive state region was constant.(2) From the change in current through the loaded specimen under various characteristic potentials, particularly in the case of the fixed potential of -0.375V (vs. S.C.E.) corresponding to the passive state region, the metal dissolution hardly occurs because the repassivation of passive film takes place rapidly even if it is ruptured by tensile deformation.

液体金属中における金属材料の腐食挙動

液体金属中における金属材料の腐食挙動

Corrosion in solar heating systems. I. Copper behaviour in water/glycol solutions

AbstractA research programme has been developed in order to investigate the corrosion behaviour of metallic materials commonly used in solar heating systems.This paper presents the results of an experimental study on copper corrosion resistance in ethylene and propylene glycol/water solutions (1:1 by volume) constituting the most common bases of heat transfer fluids. Long time gravimetric tests were carried out on electrolytic copper at 80°C, even in glycol/water solutions previously degraded at their boiling temperature or polluted with 200 ppm chlorides.Chemical compositions, semiconducting properties and morphological characteristics of all surface products were investigated by X‐ray diffraction analysis, pulse photopotential technique and SEM observations, respectively. Heat transfer effects on copper corrosion and copper/6351 aluminium alloy couple efficiency were evaluated by electrochemical tests.The following results were obtained: – Ethylene and propylene glycol/water solutions are low corrosive media. Nevertheless, chloride pollution and/or high temperature degradation of glycols markedly increase their aggressivity. Under all the experimental conditions, copper corrosion rates are higher in ethylene than propylene glycol solutions. – In chloride‐free solutions, heat transfer stimulates the cathodic reaction of the copper corrosion process. – Galvanic contact between copper and aluminium alloy always causes pitting corrosion on aluminium electrodes. The severity of the pitting attack is enhanced by the presence of heat transfer conditions on copper and/or chloride ions in the solutions, particularly in ethylene glycol.

Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Materials in Organic Media Containing Hydrogen Chloride

Abstract An investigation has been performed into the general corrosion behavior of metallic materials in acid containing organic solutions. Media effects were investigated and found to considerably affect the dissolution process of metals. The metals and solvents used in this study were: Metals—Zn, Fe, Al, Cr-Ni steel; solvents—methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, vinylidene chloride, benzene (water as comparison). The solutions were acidified with HCl. Corrosion in acidic organic media can be much greater than in water. To evaluate corrosion conditions, it is necessary to know the physical-chemical properties of the medium. In the case of zinc, the dominant influence is the viscosity, which can be satisfactorily described by the function Vcorr=k (1/kinemat, visc.). The rate determining step is, most probably, the transport of oxidant. In systems with iron, aluminum, and Cr-Ni steel, there is notable influence of electrolytic conductivity. The con...