Correlation Of Bone Mineral Density Research Articles

Study of Correlation of Bone Mineral Density with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis.

Liver cirrhosis is a common ailment that is widely prevalent in our country and across the world. There are several manifestations of this disease. Metabolic bone disease also has an association with cirrhosis. The present study was designed to study the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and the severity of liver cirrhosis. This was a case-control study. A total of 35 diagnosed cases of liver cirrhosis and 35 age and sex-matched controls were included in the study. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the hip joint and lumbar spine. Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score was used for assessing the severity of liver cirrhosis. Out of the 35 cases of cirrhosis, 25 had either osteopenia or osteoporosis. The mean T-score at the hip joint in cases was -1.47 ± 1.62 and in controls, it was -0.56 ± 1.67 (p < 0.001). The mean T-score detected in the lumbar spine was -1.33 ± 1.66 and in controls -0.41 ± 1.67 (p < 0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between CTP scores and BMD. The present study revealed that abnormal BMD is highly prevalent in patients with liver cirrhosis. There is also a significant relationship between the severity of cirrhosis and BMD.

Correlation of bone mineral density using the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and the magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in Indian patients

BackgroundDual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is extensively used to diagnose osteoporosis. But surprisingly, osteoporosis remains an underdiagnosed condition with many fragility fracture patients who have failed to undergo DEXA or received concomitant treatment for osteoporosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine is a routine radiological investigation bring done for low back pain. MRI can detect changes in the bone marrow signal intensity on the standard T1-weighted images. This correlation can be explored to measure osteoporosis in elderly and post-menopausal patients. The present study aims to find any correlation of bone mineral density using the DEXA and MRI of the lumbar spine in Indian patients. MethodsFive regions of interest (ROI) of size 130–180 mm2 were placed in the vertebral body in the mid-sagittal section and parasagittal sections on either side (four in L1-L4 and one outside body) of elderly patients who underwent MRI for back pain. They also underwent a DEXA scan for osteoporosis. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) was calculated by dividing the mean signal intensity obtained for each vertebra by the standard deviation of the noise. Similarly, SNR was measured for 24 controls. An MRI-based “M score” was calculated by getting the difference in SNR patients to SNR controls and then dividing it by the control's standard deviation (SD). Correlation between the T score on DEXA and M scores on MRI was found out. ResultsWith the M score greater than or equal to 2.82, the sensitivity was 87.5%, and the specificity was 76.5%. M scores negatively correlated with the T score. With the increase in the T score, the M score decreased. The Spearman correlation coefficient for the spine T score was −0.651, with a p-value of <0.001, and the hip T score was −0.428, with a p-value of 0.013. ConclusionOur study indicates that MRI investigations are helpful in Osteoporosis assessments. Even though MRI may not replace DEXA, it can give insight into elderly patients who get an MRI routinely for back pain. It may also have a prognostic value.

The correlation of bone mineral density, body mass index and age

Osteoporosis is related to the decrease in bone mineral density. To diagnose osteoporosis and to assess its severity BMD measurement is a widely used method by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). BMD is an essential component of the assessment of bone quality and is utilized to assess the osteoporotic status of the bone for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. The objective of this study was assessed to analyze the correlation between BMD with BMI and age. The study was conducted on 154 patients who performed the BMD test between the periods of January 2018 to July 2019. BMD of the lumbar spine (LS) and right femoral neck (FN) were measured using the DEXA method. In statistical analysis, the BMD status was compared according to age, gender, and BMI. Correlation among BMD, BMI, and age was analyzed with the nonparametric method (spearman rank correlation). SPSS software version 25 was used for analysis. Age showed highly significant negative correlations with all skeletal sites examined. Assessments on the T-score of FN and BMI were significantly related (p&lt;0.05, r=0.223, positive relation). T-score of LS and BMI were positively correlated (r=0.484) and it was significant at a 95% level of significance. Both FN and LS T-score and showed a negative correlation, but it was significant. BMI and age were not significantly associated (p&gt;0.05, r=-0.080, negative relation). As expected, the FN T-score and LS T-score showed a high correlation (r=0.484) between each other, and they were positive. Significant correlations were observed among BMD, BMI, and age of the patients. To identify the cause of osteoporosis, BMI and patients age can be considered as risk factors during BMD study. Our hope is that future research will reveal osteoporosis prevention targets effective for the growing population of aging men and women.&#x0D; Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2021, 7(1): 76-81

Bone turnover markers in serum but not in saliva correlate with bone mineral density

Saliva was proposed as a diagnostic tool for systemic diseases. Here we determined the correlation of bone turnover markers in saliva, bone turnover markers in serum and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic and healthy women. Forty postmenopausal osteoporotic and 40 age-matched healthy non-osteoporotic females were recruited for this case–control study. Serum and stimulated saliva levels of osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and cross-linked-C-telopeptide of type I collagen were determined. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and total hip were obtained. We show that osteocalcin and cross-linked-C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) reached detectable levels in saliva while N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase were close or below the detection limit. Serum levels of bone turnover markers were significantly higher than saliva levels. Correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation of serum osteocalcin and, to a lesser extent, also serum CTX values with bone mineral density in lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip, respectively. There was, however, no significant correlation of bone mineral density with the respective bone turnover markers in saliva. There was a trend that saliva osteocalcin correlates with femoral neck (p = 0.16) or total hip (p = 0.06). There was also no association between serum and saliva bone turnover markers. This study reveals that saliva cannot replace the withdrawal of serum to evaluate bone metabolism.

Correlation of Bone Mineral Density with Pulmonary Function in Advanced Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

A relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function has been revealed in the general population and various diseases. However, there is a lack of research investigating the correlation between BMD and respiratory function, one of few measurable physical parameters in patients with advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To determine whether pulmonary function parameters, including respiratory muscle strength, are related to BMD. Retrospective observational study. A tertiary university hospital. DMD patients who were over 20 years of age, nonambulatory, and supported by mechanical ventilators. The patients' age, weight, and pulmonary function as well as the BMD of the first and the fourth lumbar vertebra were assessed. Pulmonary function includes forced vital capacity (FVC), unassisted and assisted peak cough flow (UPCF and APCF), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). A bivariate correlation for BMD and other pulmonary parameters was calculated, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine predictors of spine Z-score. It was observed that the decrease in the spine BMD was not significantly correlated with age. However, the body mass index (BMI) and all parameters of pulmonary function were correlated with BMD. Partial correlation analysis adjusted by BMI showed that UPCF and APCF were powerful predictors of spine BMD. The BMD of the lumbar spine correlated with BMI and PCF in patients with DMD at an advanced stage.

Clinical Performance of the Updated Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) Algorithm, Which Accounts for the Soft Tissue Thickness: The OsteoLaus Study.

Regional soft tissue may have a noise effect on trabecular bone score (TBS) and eventually alter its estimate. The current TBS software (TBS iNsight®) is based on an algorithm accounting for body mass index (BMI) (TBSv3.03 ). We aimed to explore the updated TBS algorithm that accounts for soft tissue thickness (TBSv4.0 ). This study was embedded in the OsteoLaus cohort of women in Lausanne, Switzerland. Hip and lumbar spine (LS) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed using Discovery A System (Hologic). The incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) were assessed from vertebral fracture assessments using Genant's method (vertebral MOF) or questionnaires (nonvertebral MOF). We assessed the correlations of bone mineral density (BMD) or TBS with body composition parameters; MOF prediction ability of both versions of TBS; and the differences between Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) adjusted for TBSv3.03 or TBSv4.0 . In total, 1362 women with mean ± SD age 64.4 ± 7.5 years and mean ± SD BMI 25.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2 were followed for 4.4 years and 132 experienced an MOF. All the anthropometric measurements of our interest were positively correlated with LS, femoral neck, or hip BMD and TBSv4.0 ; whereas with TBSv3.03 their correlations were negative. In the models adjusted for age, soft tissue thickness, osteoporotic treatment, and LS-BMD, for each SD decline in TBSv3.03 , there was a 43% (OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.83) increase in the odds of having MOF; whereas for each SD decline in TBSv4.0 , there was a 54% (OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.00) increase in the odds of having an MOF. Both FRAXs were very strongly correlated and the mild differences were present in the already high-risk women for MOF. This study shows that TBSv4.0 overcomes the debatable residual negative correlation of the current TBS with body size and composition parameters, postulating itself as free from the previously acknowledged technical limitation of TBS. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Associations of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism Indices with Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

To identify correlations of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism indices with the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) as an indicator of nephropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this retrospective analysis, 297 patients with T2D were divided into 3 groups according to the urine ACR. Patients' data were analyzed to identify associations of general conditions, blood glucose level, lipid levels, and uric acid level with BMD and bone metabolism indices. BMD at every location tested (femoral neck, trochanter, inside hip, Ward's triangle, total hip, and lumbar vertebrae) was negatively correlated with the urine ACR (all p<0.05). Osteocalcin, beta-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), and procollagen type 1 N- peptide (P1NP) were positively correlated with urine ACR (all p<0.05). Finally, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was negatively correlated with urine ACR (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis with adjustment for age, body mass index, disease duration, and other clinical measurements revealed no significant correlation between urine ACR and BMD measurements or β-CTX (p>0.05). However, significant correlations remained between urine ACR and osteocalcin, P1NP, and 25(OH)D (p<0.05). The same results were obtained for postmenopausal women specifically, with the exception of a significant correlation between the ACR and β-CTX (p<0.05). In the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, BMD changes and bone transformation acceleration may occur, and the acceleration of bone transformation may occur before the change in BMD. Therefore, it is important to monitor bone metabolism indices in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy in T2D patients.

Analysis of mortality and fixation failure in geriatric fractures using quantitative computed tomography

ObjectivesWhile osteoporosis has been shown to be a contributing factor in low energy fractures in the elderly, limited data exists regarding the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) and T-Scores to mortality and failure of fracture fixation. This study seeks to determine the relationship between femoral neck BMD in elderly patients with typical geriatric fractures and mortality and fracture fixation failure using Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). Materials and methodsPatients over the age of 65 who sustained fractures of the proximal humerus, distal radius, pelvic ring, acetabulum, hip, proximal tibia, and ankle who also underwent a CT scan that included an uninjured femoral neck were retrospectively reviewed. QCT was used to assess bone mineral density and T scores. Mortality and fixation failure were recorded. Standard descriptive statistics, as well as logistic regression were used to correlate BMD and mortality, and BMD and fixation failure. ResultsOf the 173 patients initially screened, 150 met inclusion criteria. Patients who remained alive at the end of the study (LP) had significantly (P = .019) higher adjusted mean femoral neck BMD (0.502 g/cm2) than non-polytrauma patients who died (MNPT) (0.439 g/cm2) when controlling for age, time to mortality, follow up, CCI, and ASA.Patients who had fixation failure events (FE) had significantly (P = .002) lower adjusted mean femoral neck BMD (0.342 g/cm2) than patients without failure events (NE) (0.525 g/cm2) when controlling for age and time to radiographic follow-up. ConclusionsOur study illustrates that QCT is a reliable method for the determination of femoral neck BMD in elderly patients with geriatric fractures. Furthermore, lower BMD/T-Scores are associated with increased mortality and fixation failures in this patient population.

Is hungry bone syndrome a cause of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy in thyrotoxicosis? A prospective study with bone mineral density correlation

Hungry bone syndrome is a well-established cause of postoperative hypocalcemia in thyrotoxicosis. To date, the incidence of hungry bone syndrome after total thyroidectomy is unclear. This prospective study examined the incidence of postthyroidectomy hungry bone syndrome and its correlation with preoperative bone mineral density. Forty thyrotoxic subjects (Group A; age: mean ± SD; 36.5 ± 9.8 years) and 40 euthyroid controls with benign thyroid nodules (Group B) undergoing total thyroidectomy were evaluated for preoperative bone mineral density and serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D serially. At least 3 parathyroid glands were preserved. Both groups were age and sex matched. Thyrotoxic subjects had higher postoperative hypocalcemia (82.5% vs controls 22.5%, 95% confidence interval 37.9 to 75.4), low preoperative bone mineral density and raised alkaline phosphatase (each, P = .001). Among thyrotoxic subjects experiencing hypocalcemia (n = 33), 39.4% (13/33) exhibited hungry bone syndrome (characterized by simultaneous fall in serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus), 18.1% (6/33) had hypoparathyroidism and 12% had hypomagnesemia. Hypocalcemic subjects exhibiting hungry bone syndrome displayed further decreased preoperative bone mineral density in the spine (0.875 ± 0.138 vs 1.024 ± 0.149 g/cm2, P = .004) and low serum magnesium 72-hour postsurgery (0.57 ± 0.23 vs 0.88 ± 0.25 mmol/L, P = .013) than those not exhibiting hungry bone syndrome. Postoperative serum calcium correlated with preoperative bone mineral density in the spine (P = .013). In group B subjects experiencing hypocalcemia (n = 9), none exhibited hungry bone syndrome but 77.78% (7/9) had hypoparathyroidism. All but one was eucalcemic after 6 months. Hungry bone syndrome occurs exclusively in thyrotoxic subjects and constitutes the major cause of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Vertebral osteoporosis and hypomagnesemia within 72 hours after total thyroidectomy is associated with the risk of hungry bone syndrome.

Comparative measurements of bone mineral density and bone contrast values in canine femora using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and conventional digital radiography

BackgroundAseptic loosening due to bone remodelling processes after total hip replacement is one common cause for revision surgery. In human medicine, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for quantitative evaluation of bone mineral density, whereas in veterinary medicine conventional radiography is used for follow-up studies. Recently, a method has been described using digital X-ray images for quantitative assessment of grey scale values of bone contrast. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA with grey scale values (GV) measured in digital X-ray images (RX50, RX66) ex vivo.ResultsThe measured GV in the chosen X-ray settings showed on average a good correlation (r = 0.61) to the measured BMD with DEXA. Correlation between the two X-ray settings was very good (r = 0.81). For comparisons among regions of interests (ROIs) a difference of 8.2% was found to be statistically significant, whereas in the case of RX50 and RX66 differences of 5.3% and 4.1% were found to be statistically significant.ConclusionsResults indicate that measuring absolute changes in bone mineral density might be possible using digital radiography. Not all significant differences between ROIs detectable with DEXA can be displayed in the X-ray images because of the lower sensitivity of the radiographs. However, direct comparison of grey scale values of the periprosthetic femur in one individual patient during the follow-up period, in order to predict bone remodelling processes, should be possible, but with a lesser sensitivity than with DEXA. It is important that the same X-ray settings are chosen for each patient for follow-up studies.

Insufficient stability of pedicle screws in osteoporotic vertebrae: biomechanical correlation of bone mineral density and pedicle screw fixation strength.

Loosening of pedicle screws is one major complication of posterior spinal stabilisation, especially in the patients with osteoporosis. Augmentation of pedicle screws with cement or lengthening of the instrumentation is widely used to improve implant stability in these patients. However, it is still unclear from which value of bone mineral density (BMD) the stability of pedicle screws is insufficient and an additional stabilisation should be performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of bone mineral density and pedicle screw fatigue strength as well as to define a threshold value for BMD below which an additional stabilisation is recommended. Twenty-one human T12 vertebral bodies were collected from donors between 19 and 96years of age and the BMD was measured using quantitative computed tomography. Each vertebral body was instrumented with one pedicle screw and mounted in a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Fatigue testing was performed by implementing a cranio-caudal sinusoidal, cyclic (0.5Hz) load with stepwise increasing peak force. A significant correlation between BMD and cycles to failure (r=0.862, r 2=0.743, p<0.001) as well as for the linearly related fatigue load was found. Specimens with BMD below 80mg/cm3 only reached 45% of the cycles to failure and only 60% of the fatigue load compared to the specimens with adequate bone quality (BMD>120mg/cm3). There is a close correlation between BMD and pedicle screw stability. If the BMD of the thoracolumbar spine is less than 80mg/cm3, stability of pedicle screws might be insufficient and an additional stabilisation should be considered.

A close correlation of bone mineral density and body mass index in Japanese psoriasis patients

A close correlation of bone mineral density and body mass index in Japanese psoriasis patients

The Correlation of Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Osteocalcin in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Osteoporosis is related to the decrease of bone density, osteoporosis requires attention from dentists because it can also occurs in the jaw bone. Osteoporosis is calculated with a quantitative assessment of bone density, which is called Bone Mineral Density (BMD). The best imaging modalities to assess bone density are the Dual Energy examination methods X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). In addition to DEXA, osteoporosis examination can be performed with measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a ratio of weight and height. Process of bone formation by osteoblasts can be examined by bone marker such as Osteocalcin, as a parameter (alone or in combination with BMD) to determine metabolic bone disorders during bone formation and bone remodeling (bone turnover). Aim: To analyze the correlation among BMD, BMI and Osteocalcin in Postmenopausal women, to investigate the possibility of using osteocalcin examination to predict the mandibular bone osteoporosis. Method: Fifty four women above 51 years old who are at least 1 year postmenopausal, underwent BMD (using DEXA examinations), BMI, and Osteocalcin. The results of each examination were counted, and the correlations among each examinations were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation test. Result: Means of BMD, BMI, and Osteocalcin in postmenopausal women were 1.606, 25.189, and 30.566 respectively. BMD were significantly correlated with BMI (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r=0.414, p<0.05). While, BMD were significantly correlated with Osteocalcin (r=-0.343, p<0.05). Moreover, BMI were significantly correlated with Osteocalcin (r=-0.274, p<0.05). Conclusion: There were significant correlations among BMD, BMI, and Osteocalcin results in postmenopausal women. It is concluded that each examination of BMD, BMI, and Osteocalcin can be used to identify the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Therefore simple examination of osteocalcin can be used to predict mandibular bone loss.

Correlation of bone mineral density of the mandibular angle, hand and total body in 839 healthy individuals aged from 5 to 18 years

To investigate the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) of mandibular angle, hand and total body in healthy individuals aged from 5 to 18 years. Eight hundred and thirty-nine healthy individuals from 5 to 18 years old (422 males, 417 females) in 5 primary and secondary schools in Guangzhou were divided into 14 age groups. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the BMD of mandibular angle, hand and total body. The data were statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The BMD of mandibular angle increased with age. In females, the BMD of mandibular angle increased quickly from 12 to 16 years old, and its increasing rate gradually slowed down after 16 years old. In males, the BMD of mandibular angle increased quickly after 14 years old, and its increase had not been stopped until 18 years old. Females in 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17-year-old group had significantly higher mandibular angle BMD [(0.95 ± 0.19), (1.01 ± 0.17), (1.11 ± 0.17), (1.25 ± 0.13), (1.28 ± 0.14), (1.30 ± 0.13) g/cm(2)] than males in the age-matched group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between mandibular angle BMD in males and in females at the age of 18, and from 5 to 11 years old (P > 0.05). For males, the mandibular angle BMD was highly correlated with age (r = 0.696, P < 0.001), hand BMD (r = 0.779, P < 0.001) and total body BMD (r = 0.831, P < 0.001). For females, the mandibular angle BMD was highly correlated with age (r = 0.795, P < 0.001), hand BMD (r = 0.839, P < 0.001) and total body BMD (r = 0.872, P < 0.001). The mandibular angle BMD in healthy individuals from 5 to 18 years old increased with age. The mandibular angle BMD was closely related to hand BMD and total body BMD.

High Frequency of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis Patients: Preliminary Results

Background: Bone mineral loss is a public health problem in the aged. However information about non elderly males with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is scarce. Aiming to examine the correlates of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in this population, a prospective study was conducted. Methods: Clinically stable, abstinent patients (N=25) were stratified according to BMD is osteopenia, osteoporosis and Normal groups. Methods included clinical history, dietary recall, biochemical and hormonal profile, and body composition estimated by whole body and segmental bioimpedance analysis, along with bone mineral density (DXA). Results: Patients had a history of alcohol abuse of around 2-3 decades. Despite remaining alcohol-free for a mean of 6-12 years depending on the group, more than one third were already diabetic. Nutritional status was acceptable and biochemical tests essentially normal. Main differences in osteoporosis concerned higher age (p=0.038), lower lipid intake (p=0.031). In the other side, body weight, lean body mass and fat mass numerically diminished, however without statistical difference. Conclusions: Abnormal bone mineral density affected more than 80% of this male population, despite stable disease, alcohol abstinence and lack of protein-calorie malnutrition. Older age was relevant, and reduced body mass might play a role as well. Findings are consistent with a substantial risk for osteopenia/ osteoporosis, much higher than previously reported. Additional studies are required to establish dietary, pharmacological and lifestyle guidelines for this population.

Correlation between bone mineral density measured by peripheral and central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy Indian children and adolescents aged 10–18 years

There are few large-scale studies on the utility of peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) in children. As central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (cDXA) equipment is not commonly available in the developing world, we assessed the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) with cDXA and pDXA in children to determine the optimal Z-score thresholds of pDXA for predicting two predefined Z-score cutoffs (≤-1, ≤-2) of cDXA in 844 subjects (441 boys, 403 girls) aged 10-18 years. The BMD of antero-posterior lumbar spine (L1-L4), proximal femur and forearm was measured by cDXA, while the peripheral BMD of forearm and calcaneus was estimated using pDXA. The correlation was statistically significant at all sites (p<0.01). The coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.79 in boys and 0.17 to 0.32 in girls. A significant positive correlation was observed between BMD by pDXA and cDXA in Indian children, with a strong gender difference in both the extent of correlation and the ability of peripheral BMD to predict central BMD.

Design and Biomechanical Properties of a New Reconstruction Device for Treating Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures

Implants currently used for reconstruction of a burst vertebral body are associated with complications, including subsidence, nonunion, and substantial intraoperative blood loss. A new reconstruction device, the U-Cage (Double Engine Medical Material Ltd, Xiamen, Fujian, China), was designed to minimize complications.Six intact adult cadaver thoracolumbar (T11-L3) spines were collected and scanned by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The stiffness of the burst spine was subsequently compared with its previous intact state during flexion/extension, lateral bending, and rotation, and then subjected to a cyclic test to predict cage subsidence and device loosening. Axial load was applied continuously until failure to test the peak load that the specimen could withstand during the cyclic test. The correlation of bone mineral density and peak load was also analyzed. The instrumented specimens were found to be equivalent to intact bone in all directions (P>.05), with the exception of left rotation (P<.05). All specimens could withstand the cyclic test, and no subsidence or loosening of the device was detected. Average peak load for the instrumented specimens was 4137.5 N, which correlated with the average bone mineral density (r=0.915; P=.011).Thoracolumbar burst fractures instrumented with a U-Cage and anterolateral D-rod fixation achieved a stiffness similar to that of intact spines. This procedure may avoid the subsidence of the cage in vivo and serve as a better option for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures.

이중에너지 X-ray 흡수법을 적용한 근위 대퇴골 및 요추부 골밀도 검사의 상관관계 분석

본 논문에서는 외래환자의 골밀도 검사를 통해 대퇴골 및 요추부에서 정확한 검사를 얻을 수 없을 경우 두 부위간의 골밀도 검사 수치간의 상관관계를 밝혀 검사 결과를 유추하는 데 목적이 있다. C대학교 부속병원을 내원한 환자 62명을 그룹1(40세 미만, 21명), 그룹2(40세 이상~60세 미만, 21명), 그룹3(60세 이상, 20명)으로 세 개 그룹으로 분류하였다. 이들의 T-score와 Z-score를 조사하여 평균값과 상관관계를 평가하였다. 두 부위의 검사 수치를 이용하여 대응표본 T-검정을 통해 상관관계를 분석하였다. 통계 분석 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 연령이 높아질수록 T-score가 낮아지고 있고 60세이상 고령자의 경우 골 감소증이 발생하였다. 둘째, 세 그룹으로 비교를 통해 골밀도 검사에서 대퇴골과 요추부 두 부분에 대한 Z-score와 T-score의 상관관계가 높았으며 골밀도값의 결과는 매우 높은 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 본 연구는 상관관계를 통해 어느 한 부위의 결과로서 다른 부위의 결과를 유추할 수 있는 임상적 유용성이 있을 것으로 생각되며, 이는 골다공증 환자의 처치 및 예후를 결정할 수 있는 보조적인 인자로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. To analogize the result of the test through explaining the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) test value between proximal femur and lumbar spine at age. It is based on 62 cases who visited the out-patient department. They were classified into three groups by age, group I (30~40 yr) and II (40~60 yr) and III (60~80 yr). Then we evaluated the average and the degree of correlation between the three groups and analyzed the correlation of the three sites according to the BMD result and T & Z-score through the t-test analysis. The results are listed below, first, if rise in age T-score is lower and over 60age occurred osteopenia, second, compared three groups, the correlation of BMD results was some of the highest between Lumbar spine and Proximal femur of T-score & Z-score. the correlation of BMD results is very high. It is regarded that there will be a clinical availability which can analogize the result of a part by using the result of the other part.

Gender Differences in the Heritability of Musculoskeletal and Body Composition Parameters in Mother-Daughter and Mother-Son Pairs

Bone mass and body composition traits are genetically programmed, but the timing and gender and site specificities of their heritability are unclear. Mother-child correlations of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content, lean mass, and fat mass were studied in 169 premenopausal mothers and their 239 children. Heritability estimates of lean mass, fat mass, BMD, and area were derived for each gender and pubertal stage. There were significant correlations for most densitometry-derived variables at the spine, hip, femoral neck (FN), and total body (r=0.192–0.388) in mother-postmenarcheal daughter pairs, for bone areas at all sites in early puberty (r=0.229–0.508) and for volumetric-derived density at FN and spine (r=0.238–0.368) in mother-son pairs. Fat mass correlations were significant in both genders after puberty (r=0.299–0.324) and lean mass in postmenarcheal girls only (r = 0.299). Heritability estimates varied between 21% and 37% for mother-daughter and 18% and 35% for mother-son pairs for density-derived variables and between 26% and 40% for body composition variables. Maternal inheritance of bone traits is expressed in early-pubertal boys for several skeletal site traits but consistently involves most site traits in girls and boys by late puberty. Body composition inheritance is more variable.

Bone Mineral Density Assessment in a Multiple Sclerosis Population (P06.163)

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis in a population of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and to assess the correlation of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) with demographic, clinical and treatment parameters. Background Osteoporosis and low BMD are common in MS. Possible explanations are attributed to factors such as lack of mobility, reduced vitamin D levels, chronic inflammatory state, steroidal and immunomodulatory treatments (DMTs). To date, available data do not allow to comprehensively define the profile of risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with MS. Design/Methods: As part of a project of «good clinical practice» in our centre, to all patients with MS aged ≥35 years, was offered the opportunity to carry out a BMD assessment by Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Then we have retrospectively analyzed DXA reports, especially considering the diagnosis of osteoporosis, as well as evaluating the possible correlation of BMD with demographic, clinical and treatment parameters. Results: 112 agreed to partecipate, 96 with full available data. Sample mean age was 50.8 ± 7.2 y., 79% females, mean disease duration of 15.4 ± 8.8 y., and mean EDSS score of 3.0 ± 2.0. Osteoporosis was found in 16.7% of the patients; mean vertebral and femoral BMD scores were respectively of .93 ± .13,and .82 ± .14. As expected, patients with either vertebral (p =. 02) or femoral (p =. 025) osteoporosis were older, while those with only femoral osteoporosis had a higher EDSS score (p Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis was comparable with previous reports. As in the general population BMD correlated with age, while femoral BMD strongly correlated with disability. No correlation was found with the use of steroid therapy or DMTs. Disclosure: Dr. Haggiag has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mercurio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bray has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haggiag has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gasperini has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono, Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as a speaker. Dr. Galgani has nothing to disclose.