Correlates Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Correlates of Psychological Well-Being Among First-Year Medical Students: An Exploratory Study

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: The literature is limited on correlates of psychological well-being among Indian medical undergraduates. The study aimed to assess the psychological well-being, life satisfaction, self-efficacy, positive state of mind, and emotions among first-year medical undergraduates. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study assessing 121 first-year medical undergraduate students. Psychological well-being scale, satisfaction with life scale, general self-efficacy scale, positive state of mind scale, and positive and negative affect schedule revised version were used. Results: The majority of medical undergraduate students were satisfied with the life. Their life satisfaction was positively associated with general self-efficacy, positive state of mind, and positive affect score. These indicators were negatively associated with negative affect score. Male students had significantly greater self-efficacy. Conclusion: Medical students’ life satisfaction was found to be positively associated with other wellness indicators. Resilience-based positive psychology interventions should be implemented in medical colleges to enhance psychological well-being.

Correlates of Psychological Well-being Among Korean Vietnam War Veterans

Prior research on Veterans’ mental health has largely focused on identifying risk and protective factors for negative psychological symptoms such as PTSD. However, mental health indicates not merely absence of psychopathology, but also the existence of positive psychological well-being (Keyes, 2005). Thus, the current study aimed to examine the correlates of psychological well-being, which is less studied, in an Asian sample, Korean veterans. Data for this 2017 study were from Korean Vietnam War Veterans Study. Participants were 348 male veterans, and their mean age was about 72 years old (SD = 2.7, range = 65-84). Using Keyes’ (2002) classification criteria, psychological well-being was divided into three types: flourishing (9.5%), moderately health (59.95%), and languishing (25.3%). Own-way analyses of variance showed that the groups did not differ in demographic variables (age, marital status, education, and income). Further, there were no differences in combat exposure, negative appraisals of military service, smoking, and alcohol consumption. However, significant group differences were found for resources; Scheffé's post-hoc analyses indicated that optimism, positive appraisals of military service, four types of social support (family, significant others, friend, and military peer), and self-rated health were significantly different among the groups, and highest in the flourishing group. The moderately health group showed higher levels of positive appraisals of military service and four types of social support than the languishing group. Thus, the majority (about 60%) of Korean Vietnam veterans were moderately psychologically healthy in this sample, but those with positive psychosocial resources were more likely to be healthiest.

Cognitive and socio-emotional correlates of psychological well-being and mental health in Guatemalan adults

BackgroundLittle is known about associations of psychological and mental well-being with cognitive and socioemotional factors in low and middle-income countries, particularly among vulnerable populations born in adverse environments that may restrict developmental potential. This study aimed to examine the cognitive and socioemotional correlates of psychological well-being and mental health in a cohort of Guatemalan adults born in contexts of poverty and malnutrition.MethodsFrom Dec 2017 to Apr 2019, data were collected from 704 women and 564 men ages 40–57 years living in four rural villages in eastern Guatemala and Guatemala City. We measured latent domains of psychological well-being, spirituality and religion, emotional support, and executive function using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Under a Structural Equation Modeling framework, we examined intercorrelations among latent domains and observed measures of intelligence and mental health.ResultsCFA supported the construct validity of factor structures in this population. Correlations of psychological well-being with spirituality and religion were moderate in women (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and men (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). Executive function was weakly correlated with psychological well-being in men (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and showed no association in women. Correlations of psychological well-being with emotional support and IQ were weak in women (r = 0.34, and r = 0.15, respectively; p < 0.001 for both) and men (r = 0.35, and r = 0.25, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Mental health and IQ were weakly correlated in men (r = 0.09, p < 0.05) and showed no association in women. Mental health showed weak correlations with emotional support (r = 0.18, p < 0.001 in women; r = 0.09, p < 0.05 in men), psychological well-being (r = 0.32 and r = 0.35, in women and men respectively; p < 0.001 for both) and showed no association with executive function in both sexes.ConclusionsOf all examined factors, spirituality and religion made the greatest contribution to psychological well-being. These findings support the notion that in populations experiencing difficult circumstances, religion can perhaps make a greater contribution to well-being and aid coping. More research is needed to examine mediators of this association.

Resilience and attitudes toward help-seeking as correlates of psychological well-being among a sample of New Zealand Defence Force personnel

ABSTRACT Research is needed to examine factors that contribute to psychological well-being among military service members. This study examined associations between various indices of psychological well-being, resilience, and help-seeking stigma among New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) personnel (N = 2,805). Participants completed self-report measures of psychological well-being, resilience, help-seeking stigma, and past-year help-seeking behaviors. Greater resilience and a lower degree of help-seeking stigma were each significantly associated with better psychological well-being (i.e., greater psychological flourishing, less psychological distress, and better overall mental health). Though effects were relatively small, engagement in help-seeking behaviors moderated the relationship between (1) greater resilience and less psychological distress and (2) greater resilience and better overall mental health, such that these relationships were stronger among those who had sought help for their mental health in the past year. Findings suggest that greater resilience and less mental health help-seeking stigma may independently contribute to better psychological well-being among NZDF personnel; thus, enhancing resilience and reducing help-seeking stigma may serve to promote psychological well-being in this population. Improving resilience among NZDF personnel who seek help, in particular, may contribute to better psychological well-being. However, longitudinal research among service members is needed to establish a temporal relationship between these constructs.

Socio-demographic correlates of psychological wellbeing among older adults in Bhutan

Wellbeing is a complex combination of physical, psychological, emotional, and social health factors of a person. Feeling of wellbeing is essential for the overall health of a person, and enables them to be successful and achieve what they want in life. There is paucity of study on the wellbeing of older adults in Bhutan. This study attempted to assess how older adults in Bhutan perceive their wellbeing and determine its socio-demographic correlates. World Health Organization Five Wellbeing Index was applied to measure wellbeing. Findings indicated above average wellbeing score with nature of relationship with children, education level, and employment status as an independent correlates. Efforts to enhance relationship between family members could be more relevant for the wellbeing of older adults. Further research on wellbeing is required to incorporate determinants other than socio-demographic variables.

Health-related correlates of psychological well-being among girls and boys 6-8 years of age: The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study.

Due to limited knowledge on the differences in the correlates of psychological well-being (PSWB) between girls and boys, we compared the correlates of PSWB between primary school girls and boys. A population sample of 412 children participated in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Parents completed a questionnaire that included 19 questions on the components of PSWB, and a PSWB score was computed. We assessed correlates of PSWB, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, cardiorespiratory fitness, diet quality, body fat content, sleep duration, sleep disordered breathing, prevalent diseases and parental characteristics. We used logistic regression to analyse the risk of being in the lowest third of the PSWB scores. Low parental education was associated with increased risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.34, P = 0.039) and high cardiorespiratory fitness with decreased risk (OR 0.26, P = 0.006) of poor PSWB in girls. At least 2 h of screen-based sedentary behaviour per day (OR 1.93, P = 0.037), daily parental smoking (OR 2.10, P = 0.034) and sleep disordered breathing (OR 4.24, P = 0.003) were related to increased risk of poor PSWB in boys. There are large differences in the correlates of PSWB between girls and boys. Most of these correlates are modifiable and related to the health behaviour of children and their parents.

Resilience and Spirituality as Correlates of Psychological Well-Being among Adolescents

All human beings experience a transitional stage from puberty to adulthood that involves physical, psychological and cognitive changes (Berk,2013). Thus adolescents have to cope with several stressful life changing situations which can disrupt their psychological well-being. This study intends to find out if resilience and spirituality could be correlates of psychological well-being of a sample of 64 adolescents. The tools used included Brief Resilience Scale by B.W Smith et al. (2008), Scales of Psychological Well-being by C.D Ryff et al. (1999) and Spiritual Health Inventory by Beach &amp; Chappel (1992). The obtained results show that, there is a significant positive relationship between resilience and spirituality, and resilience and psychological well-being. It also shows the significance of gender difference in resilience. Thus, the results imply that an effort should be made at a very young age to enhance resilience, so that people will experience a better psychological well-being.

Income and Marital Status as Correlate of Psychological Well-Being of Formal Caregivers in Abeokuta Township

Income and Marital Status as Correlate of Psychological Well-Being of Formal Caregivers in Abeokuta Township

Hormonal and psychosocial correlates of psychological well-being and negative affectivity in young gynecological-endocrinological patients

To study the relationship between hormones, psychosocial factors and psychological well-being or negative affectivity (NA), 102 women (aged 15–31) responded to the 12-item well-being questionnaire (W-BQ12), with subscales for positive well-being (PWB), negative well-being (NWB) and energy (ENE); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), consisting of depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A) subscales; the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The univariate analysis revealed significant negative correlations between luteinizing hormone (LH) and HADS-T, HADS-D and HADS-A, and between follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and HADS-A. Positive correlations were shown for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), HADS-T, and HADS-A. Cortisol and prolactin levels strongly correlated with BDI and HAMD scores, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, TSH significantly predicted the mood impairment in HADS-T (β = 0.68) and HADS-A (β = 0.68), while economic status predicted the general well-being (β = 0.75), NWB (β = –0.83), ENE (β = 0.89), and HADS-A (β = −0.63). We could not detect any significant differences in NA or well-being in patients with versus without PCOS or with versus without hirsutism, but almost all psychometric parameters differed significantly according to the economic status. In conclusion, TSH was the only hormonal predictor of overall NA and anxiety, and low-economic status overtrumped the impact of hormones on the psychological well-being.

Psychological well-being in adolescents with excess weight

Background: Self-esteem, perceived health, weight satisfaction, eating habits, physical activity, friendships, intimate relationships, smoking and substance use habits can be regarded as important correlates of psychological well-being in adolescence. Aim: The present study aimed to determine whether problems in the above-mentioned elements of psychological well-being were more prevalent among mid-adolescent pupils with excess weight than among their healthy-weight peers. Methods: The study participants comprised 178 adolescents with excess weight and 1087 healthy-weight peers with a mean age of 14.7 years attending the 8th grade at secondary school. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Eating Disorder Inventory and a questionnaire assessing health- and food-related attitudes and habits were used. Results: The adolescents with excess weight more often reported weight dissatisfaction, abnormal eating habits and signs of eating disorder pathology than those with healthy weight. No significant difference in self-esteem was observed between weight groups. The proportion of adolescents who were non-smokers, did not use alcohol and had one or more close friends did not differ between those with excess and healthy weight. However, a lower proportion of excess-weight adolescents had dating experience. Inadequate physical activity was highly prevalent among adolescents in both weight groups. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of eating pathology and weight dissatisfaction, most mid-adolescent pupils with excess weight expressed good psychological health. Targeted psychological interventions should be offered to some adolescents with overweight problems.

Optimism, Hope, and Happiness as correlates of Psychological Well-Being among Young Adult Assamese Males and Females.

Optimism, Hope, and Happiness as correlates of Psychological Well-Being among Young Adult Assamese Males and Females.

Incremental Validity of Alexithymia, Emotional Coping and Humor Style on Happiness and Psychological Well-Being

This study attempts to ascertain whether alexithymia, suppression and reappraisal coping, and humor styles account for incremental variance in happiness (Lyubomirsky’s scale) and psychological well-being (Ryff’s scale), after controlling for Big Five traits and emotional positivity ratio of previous day’s mood. A total of 355 psychology undergraduates (72 % women) responded to measures of each construct, and two hierarchical multiple regressions were carried out for happiness and psychological well-being. The Big Five were entered in the first regression block, alexithymia was entered in a second block, and affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating humor style, reappraisal and suppression coping were entered in the third block, and previous day’s mood in the last step. Alexithymia accounted for a small proportion of variance in psychological well-being, controlling for the Big Five traits. Suppression and affiliative, self-enhancing and self-defeating humor explained a complementary amount of variance in happiness and psychological well-being, controlling for the previous day’s mood, confirming the association of emotional regulation and affect with judgments of happiness and well-being. Taking into account humor and suppression, the multivariate association of alexithymia disappears. Results suggest that low suppression, low self-critical use of humor and affiliative humor are correlates of psychological well-being, whereas self-enhancing humor and low suppression are correlates of happiness, playing a mediational role between personality traits and well-being.

Teammate social support, burnout, and self-determined motivation in collegiate athletes

ObjectiveThere is limited understanding of how specific components of social support are associated with athlete burnout and self-determined motivation, as most investigations have exclusively targeted overall support satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine if perceived support availability and received support, over and above support satisfaction, were associated with these correlates of psychological well-being in athletes. We also examined potential team-level variation in burnout and self-determined motivation. DesignCross-sectional. MethodUnited States college athletes (N = 235; Mage = 19.8 years) completed reliable and valid assessments of study variables via an online questionnaire. ResultsMultilevel linear modeling showed a lack of team-level variation in burnout and self-determined motivation. Regression analyses showed perceived support availability to be inversely associated with burnout and positively associated with self-determined motivation. This was over and above support satisfaction, which demonstrated the same pattern of associations. Received support did not meaningfully associate with burnout or self-determined motivation over and above support satisfaction. ConclusionResults suggest that the perception of support availability from teammates, regardless of received support, was an important correlate of burnout and self-determined motivation in sport. Also, the general lack of team-level variation in the criterion variables suggests that burnout and self-determined motivation perceptions were largely driven by individual experiences.

Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression

Mindfulness has received considerable attention as a correlate of psychological well-being and potential mechanism for the success of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). Despite a common emphasis of mindfulness, at least in name, among MBIs, mindfulness proves difficult to assess, warranting consideration of other common components. Self-compassion, an important construct that relates to many of the theoretical and practical components of MBIs, may be an important predictor of psychological health. The present study compared ability of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) to predict anxiety, depression, worry, and quality of life in a large community sample seeking self-help for anxious distress ( N = 504). Multivariate and univariate analyses showed that self-compassion is a robust predictor of symptom severity and quality of life, accounting for as much as ten times more unique variance in the dependent variables than mindfulness. Of particular predictive utility are the self-judgment and isolation subscales of the SCS. These findings suggest that self-compassion is a robust and important predictor of psychological health that may be an important component of MBIs for anxiety and depression.

Romantic Partner Behaviours as Social Context: Measuring Six Dimensions of Relationships

AbstractA new measure, Partner Behaviours as Social Context (PBSC), was developed and tested in two studies (N = 215, N = 316) and tested as a correlate of psychological wellbeing in a third (N = 157). Self-Determination Theory (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000) and related research has suggested that there are six important dimensions of partner behaviours, which should be associated with individual psychological need fulfilment, wellbeing and development. Three of these dimensions are positive, including warmth, or provision of love/affection; autonomy support, or supporting a partner's decisions; and structure, or being consistent and reliable. Three of these dimensions are negative, namely rejection, or ignoring/being hostile to a partner; coercion, or being controlling/demanding; and chaos, or unpredictability. Factor analysis supported the six-dimensional construct. The six PBSC dimensions, positive and negative subscales and total score had good distributional properties, high internal consistency, related as expected to other relationship quality measures, and diverged from most personality constructs. All PBSC scales were related to wellbeing, with some behaviours more related than others. For example, coercion was strongly associated with compromised wellbeing, while warmth showed weak, positive associations with positive functioning. The PBSC is expected to have utility in both research and clinical settings.

Mental health factors in late-life insomnia

As a correlate of psychological well-being, insomnia continues to be regarded as a critical indicator of both mental health and quality of life, appearing as a prominent diagnostic feature in both DSM-IV1 and ICD-102 (particularly in relation to depression and anxiety states), and included in many of the most commonly used health outcome measures, including the Nottingham Health Profile and the SF-364. The symptom of disturbed sleep is also included in most of the available schedules for assessing the mental health of elderly people, including the GMS, CAMDEX, and the CARE. Whether specified as a diagnostic criterion or included in a diagnostic algorithm, the assumption is made that certain patterns of sleep disturbance are associated with, and consequently predict, certain types of mental illness. The evidence would suggest, however, that the strength of the association, and hence the validity of this assumption, may diminish across the human lifespan.

The MMPI-2 GM and GF Scales as measures of psychological well-being.

The MMPI-2, Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and Tennessee Self-Concept Scales (TSCS) scores were analyzed for 117 male and 139 female college students. A median split on the MMPI-2 GM and GF scores by gender divided subjects into high and low groupings on the MMPI-2 gender variables. Multivariate analyses revealed that scores on the MMPI-2, TSCS, and SCL-90-R consistently differed by GM and GF status with differences most pronounced for the GM scale. Higher scores on the GM variable were associated with scores on the MMPI-2, TSCS, and SCL-90-R that reflected less psychopathology. Similar trends were noted for higher scorers on the GF variable, but fewer significant differences across the scales were found. The results are consistent with an interpretation of GM and GF as correlates of psychological wellbeing.

Psychological Well-Being Among Three Successive Cohorts of Older American Women Who Live Alone

ABSTRACT This study uses a national probability sample to construct a profile of women in their late 60s, 70s, and 80s who are living alone and to compare correlates of psychological well-being for each age group. Measures include: (1) sociodemographics; (2) health and functioning; (3) social and psychological stressors; and (4) informal and formal supports. Results show that, overall, older women have high levels of psychological well-being. Health problems were common correlates for all three age groups, but other within-group predictors varied. Living alone was inversely related to well-being only for women in their 70s.

Dimensions and Correlates of General Well-Being among Older Adults

This article examines dimensions and correlates of psychological well-being among older adults aged 55 and above using the General Well-Being (GWB) Scale with data ( N=2,931) collected in Kentucky in 1982. A shortened, 11-item version of the GWB is confirmed for use among older respondents and is found to comprise three correlated dimensions termed positive affect, enervation, and negative affect. Development of this scale involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, comparison of alternative model specifications, and regression of its component dimensions onto known correlates of psychological well-being in older adults, including age, education, marriage, gender, race, and subjective health.

Components of men's well-being at mid-life.

This study was designed to examine the correlates of psychological well-being for 75 middle-aged professional men. Based on sex-role convergence and role adjustment theories, three sets of predictor variables (i.e., interpersonal family factors, role adjustment, and extrafamilial interpersonal factors) were hierarchically entered into a multiple regression equation. The well-being outcome was found to be influenced by interpersonal family factors. The role adjustment and extrafamilial interpersonal factors did not account for a significant increase in variance. The best univariate predictors of men's well-being at midlife were perceived closeness to child, perceived closeness to wife, adjustment to the husband role, and number of close friends.