Correct Pattern Research Articles

New models of SU(6) grand gauge-Higgs unification

A five dimensional SU(6) grand gauge-Higgs unification compactified on S1/Z2 is discussed. We propose new sets of the SU(6) representations where the quarks and leptons in one generation are embedded and there is no extra massless exotic fermions absent in the Standard Model. The correct electroweak symmetry breaking pattern can be realized by introducing some adjoint fermions. We also analyze whether a viable Higgs mass can be obtained.

Home-based guidance training system with interactive visual feedback using kinect on stroke survivors with moderate to severe motor impairment

The home-based training approach benefits stroke survivors by providing them with an increased amount of training time and greater feasibility in terms of their training schedule, particularly for those with severe motor impairment. Computer-guided training systems provide visual feedback with correct movement patterns during home-based training. This study aimed to investigate the improvement in motor performance among stroke survivors with moderate to severe motor impairment after 800 min of training using a home-based guidance training system with interactive visual feedback. Twelve patients with moderate to severe stroke underwent home-based training, totaling 800 min (20–40 min per session, with a frequency of 3 sessions per week). The home-based guidance training system uses Kinect to reconstruct the 3D human body skeletal model and provides real-time motor feedback during training. The training exercises consisted of six core exercises and eleven optional exercises, including joint exercises, balance control, and coordination. Pre-training and post-training assessments were conducted using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Limb (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Limb (FMA-LE), Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Barthel Index (BI), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), as well as kinematic data of joint angles and center of mass (COM). The results indicated that motor training led to the attainment of the upper limit of functional range of motion (FROM) in hip abduction, shoulder flexion, and shoulder abduction. However, there was no improvement in the active range of motion (AROM) in the upper extremity (U/E) and lower extremity (L/E) joints, reaching the level of the older healthy population. Significant improvements were observed in both left/right and superior/inferior displacements, as well as body sway in the mediolateral axis of the COM, after 800 min of training. In conclusion, the home-based guidance system using Kinect aids in improving joint kinematics performance at the level of FROM and balance control, accompanied by increased mediolateral body sway of the COM for stroke survivors with moderate to severe stroke. Additionally, spasticity was reduced in both the upper and lower extremities after 800 min of home-based training.

Epigenetic changes driven by environmental pollutants in lung carcinogenesis: a comprehensive review.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with environmental pollutants identified as significant risk factors, especially for nonsmokers. The intersection of these pollutants with epigenetic mechanisms has emerged as a critical area of interest for understanding the etiology and progression of lung cancer. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, can induce alterations in gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence and are influenced by environmental factors, contributing to the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. This review assessed the literature on the influence of environmental pollutants on lung cancer epigenetics. A comprehensive search across databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase yielded 3,254 publications, with 22 high-quality papers included for in-depth analysis. These studies demonstrated the role of epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation patterns of genes like F2RL3 and AHRR and alterations in the miRNA expression profiles, as potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. The review highlights the need to expand research beyond homogenous adult male groups typically found in high-risk occupational environments to broader population demographics. Such diversification can reduce biases and enhance the relevance of findings to various clinical contexts, fostering the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic measures. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of innovative epigenetic therapies, such as DNA demethylating drugs and histone modification agents, to counter environmental toxins' carcinogenic effects. The growing interest in miRNA therapies and studies aiming to correct aberrant methylation patterns indicate significant strides toward better lung cancer management and a healthier future for global communities.

A Comparative Study of Error Correction Patterns between Large Language Models and Native Speakers for Korean Language Learners

A Comparative Study of Error Correction Patterns between Large Language Models and Native Speakers for Korean Language Learners

Focus on reflective competence: A triangulation to examine youth soccer coaches' reflective competence

Introduction & Purpose Coaching is recognized as a complex socio-educational interaction (Jones, 2007), a view supported by the German Football Association (DFB). The DFB emphasizes reflection in the development of football coaches, seeing it as essential for the quality of coaching and the holistic development of youth players. Reflective competence (RC) is seen as a key component of professionalization (DFB, 2022), defined as the ability and willingness to comprehensively deal with one’s own knowledge and actions in breadth and to achieve a certain depth in the reflexive and transformative engagement with issues (Krieg & Kreis, 2014). Studies show that coaches learn primarily through observation and experience (Cushion, et al., 2012), which risks perpetuating outdated behaviors. Against this background, our study asks: What (breadth) and how (depth) do youth coaches reflect on their knowledge and coaching practice? Method Seven coaches from DFB selection centers in Bavaria participated in the study. Their training sessions were videotaped and used for reflection in stimulated recall interviews (Dempsey, 2010). Coaches were asked about their understanding of reflection using narrative prompts and to reflect independently on their training sessions using the video sequences. Analysis included categorizing the understanding and relevance of reflection, as well as the breadth and depth of reflection, taking into account individual differences. Result Coaches understood reflection as “thinking about oneself” or “looking back” to consciously justify or improve practices. They showed a high level of willingness to reflect, especially valuing peer feedback. In terms of breadth, coaches mostly reflected on corrective feedback behaviors, error patterns, or training alternatives. However, the depth of reflection was limited; coaches often moved to transformative reflection without deeply analyzing issues, lacking detailed descriptions against related assumptions, previous experiences, or theoretical explanations. Discussion Coaches focused primarily on optimizing practices rather than examining issues in depth. The breadth of reflection is consistent with the DFB's shift from coach-dominated to player-dominated training practices. Conclusion Our study highlights the critical role of reflection in the professional development of youth soccer coaches at DFB selection centers in Bavaria. While coaches show a significant willingness to engage in reflective practices, there is a notable deficiency in the depth of their reflection. This highlights the need for enhanced reflective training programs that encourage deeper, more comprehensive engagement with coaching practices and theoretical knowledge. By fostering such reflective competence, coaches can contribute to a more nuanced and effective coaching methodology, ultimately benefiting the holistic development of youth players.

Optimizing Spatial Complexity of the Hard Decision Decoder Based on Hash and Syndrome Decoding (HSDec)

In this article, we propose an optimized version of the Hard Decision Decoder based on Hash and Syndrome Decoding (HSDec) decoder, named Reduced Memory Space of HSDec (RMS-HSDec), which uses less memory space. In this article, we aim to reduce the spatial complexity of the HSDec decoding algorithm while preserving its error correction capabilities. Our methodology involves allocating only the essential memory space for correctable error patterns and optimizing the hashing mechanism to effectively handle potential collisions. While maintaining the integrity of error correction, this new method guarantees memory reduction rates of over 96 % for the BCH(63, 39, 9) code and over 84 % for the QR(47, 24, 11) code compared to HSDec. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of RMS-HSDec on various BCH and QR codes over AWGN and Rayleigh channels. The results demonstrated significant memory reduction rates and coding gains ranging from 0.8 dB to 2.8 dB over the AWGN channel and from 14 dB to 32 dB over the Rayleigh channel, confirming the robustness of the algorithm under different channel conditions. Comparative analyses showed that RMS-HSDec maintains competitive performance with existing decoders while offering effective error correction. These findings confirm the robustness of the RMS-HSDec algorithm under different channel conditions. Overall, the proposed decoder proves to be an effective solution, optimizing memory usage without compromising error correction capabilities, making it ideal for high-density data applications and environments with limited memory resources.

Construction Tasks for Children With Blindness: Analyzing the Completion Ratio of Six Puzzles

Introduction: There are major differences when children with blindness perform construction tasks using haptics, without relying on sight, compared to when children with typical vision perform them through sight. When using sight, in all of the processes, the overall image can be grasped simultaneously while executing the task. When using haptics, the construction must be made by touching each piece sequentially and successively. In this study, framed block puzzle construction tasks that can be implemented by haptic means are developed with the objective of considering the order of difficulty of the task. Methods: In all, six framed block puzzle construction tasks were performed by 39 children with blindness, and the analysis was conducted from the perspective of the task-completion ratio. These six tasks were established on the basis of factors such as wood panel division and dimension, symmetry and asymmetry, and the number of block patterns. Results: A significant difference was observed in the completion ratio between one- and two-dimensional tasks, between two-dimensional symmetrical and asymmetrical tasks, and between two-dimensional asymmetrical tasks with multiple and single correct patterns. Discussion: This study clarified that the task order of difficulty is influenced by the factors of division and dimension, symmetry and asymmetry, and number of block patterns. Thus, we identified a task order wherein difficulty increases in the order of one- and two-dimensional symmetrical tasks and two-dimensional asymmetrical tasks with multiple and single correct patterns. Implications for Practitioners: Based on these hypotheses, providing instructions to children with blindness, in the order of simple to difficult tasks, is vital after ascertaining each child's level of capacity for spatial cognition.

The Notion of Textual Comparison between the Judean Desert Biblical Texts and of Variant Readings

Abstract Were there any so-called “variants” in the scrolls? The assumption of contact between any two scrolls has been inferred from corrective additions and deletions. It has usually been claimed that corrections were based on MT. I divide the scrolls into different groups because in each group there could have been a different incentive for correction towards an external source. The strength of the argument depends on this division. In an analysis of the evidence (see the Appendix) in each of the groups, a different correction pattern was detected, and often the corrections were revised towards a text different from MT. In all these cases, the corrections were not made towards external sources, but the source of the scrolls. Strengthened by theoretical arguments, we suggest that the scrolls contain no notations of variants, that is, elements that were copied as variants from other scrolls or were corrected according to external sources.

CDK8 of the mediator kinase module connects leaf development to the establishment of correct stomata patterning by regulating the levels of the transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH).

The components of the mediator kinase module are highly conserved across all eukaryotic lineages, and cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is essential for correct cell proliferation and differentiation in diverse eukaryotic systems. We show that CDK8 couples leaf development with the establishment of correct stomata patterning for prevailing CO2 conditions. In Arabidopsis, the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) transcription factor SPEECHLESS(SPCH) controls cellular entry into the stomatal cell lineage, and CDK8 interacts with and phosphorylates SPCH, controlling SPCH protein levels and thereby also expression of the SPCH target genes encoding key regulators of cell fate and asymmetric cell divisions. The lack of the CDK8-mediated control of SPCH results in an increased number of meristemoid and guard mother cells, and increased stomata index in the cdk8 mutants. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations trigger a developmental programme controlling cell entry into stomatal lineage by limiting the asymmetric divisions. In cdk8, the number of meristemoids and guard mother cells remains the same under ambient and high CO2 concentrations, as the accumulated levels of SPCH caused by the lack of CDK8 appear to override the negative regulation of increased CO2. Thus, our work provides novel mechanistic understanding of how plants alter critical leaf properties in response to increasing atmospheric CO2.

Platform Design for Optical Screening and Conditioning for Injury Resilience.

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) among active duty soldiers result in more than 10 million limited duty days each year and account for more than 70% of the medically nondeployable population. Overuse injuries in lower limbs from running, foot marching long distances with heavy loads, and lifting heavy objects are the most common types of injuries in the military. Physical training and rehabilitation exercises for greater resiliency through aerobic, muscle strength, endurance, and agility conditioning programs can prevent or reduce the effects of MSKIs if Soldiers adhere to proper biomechanics and training techniques. We are introducing a three-dimensional (3D) camera-based platform for Optical Screening and Conditioning for Injury Resilience (OSCIR) that is designed to identify and correct high-risk movement patterns based on quantifiable biomechanical measurements in clinical or field settings. Our goal is to improve resilience to MSKI by offering greater access to quality of movement skills in warfighters through an autonomous device that can be used in Sports Medicine and Reconditioning Team (SMART) clinics and High-Intensity Tactical Training (HITT) sites. OSCIR fuses four pairs of Kinect Azure cameras into a concise footprint to achieve suitable sampling rates and an unobstructed field of view for accurate dynamic movement tracking using a custom point cloud solution. We designed a unique multistage 3D joint tracking algorithm architecture to methodically isolate the human body point cloud from the background, identify individual limb segments, and perform iterative joint optimization at the global and local joint levels. We evaluated the feasibility of our prototype system among N = 12 control participants (6 M/6 F; 21-37 years) in compliance with the Western Institutional Review Board (Tracking #20225920, approved on November 4, 2022). Five task-specific MSKI outcome metrics identified by end-user physical therapists and athletic trainers as indicators for movement quality were assessed across 7 lower-extremity exercises derived from standardized MSK assessment/conditioning batteries used in the military. Data were recorded concurrently by OSCIR and a reference standard Vicon motion capture system for validating system accuracy. Task-specific MSKI indicators for knee flexion and hip flexion range of motion achieved an average error of 4.05 ± 2.34°, while 3D position-based postural outcomes of left-right foot distance, left-right hand distance, and step length obtained mean absolute errors of 2.58 ± 2.30 cm. Results support the feasibility of our system in achieving outcomes that are comparable to currently accepted laboratory standards. Our study describes the integration process for a 3D camera-based clinical system for MSKI conditioning and rehabilitation. The impact of our system will enable key stakeholders in the military to manage MSKIs in warfighters by automating key assessment and rehabilitation test batteries; making tests more readily accessible, and interpretations more accurate by providing objective biomechanical measures. OSCIR is undergoing turn-key design features to serve as a screening tool for warfighters to readily assess susceptibility to MSKI or as a training platform to help guide exercise techniques to achieve resiliency against future injuries.

STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN WRITING PARAGRAPH: STUDY AT THE BACHELOR STUDENTS’ ENGLISH EDUCATION

Writing skill is one of the most important language skill to be mastered in the language learning process, especially English. The writing process starts from writing a paragraph. Paragraph are important in writing skill. The purpose of this research was to find students’ problems in writing Paragraph and the dominant problem in Writing Paragraph at The Second Semester of English Education at Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University. This research employed descriptive qualitative research that examined 8 students in the second semester of English Education Study Program. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative research. The instrument used to collect the data were document of students writing tasks and interview guideline. The kind of interview that was used semi-structured interview. Based on theories of Bryne divides writing problems into three categories. The first is linguistic problems. Linguistic aspects such as grammar, vocabulary, Language use and choice of sentence in writing. The second is Physiology, namely content. The third is cognitive such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization and paragraph. Based on the findings, the results showed that the students' problems in writing paragraph indicate that students faced problems in 2 categories which consisted: linguistic and cognitive problems. Linguistic problems which consist of grammar is 49, vocabulary is 7, and choice of sentence is 2, and cognitive problems which consist of spelling is 1, punctuation is 26, capitalization is 29, and paragraphing is 3. Moreover, it also findthe dominant problem in writing paragraph was linguistic problems which consist grammar is 49 where student still experience problems in understanding the basic nature of grammar, namely problems in terms of the appropriateness of the placement of to be, and the correct pattern of verbs. Then, for the Physiology problem, namely content, there were no problems found on the results of the analysis of 8 students' writing documents at the second semester of English education at Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University.

Mechanisms for controlling Dorsal nuclear levels.

Formation of the Dorsal nuclear-cytoplasmic gradient is important for the proper establishment of gene expression patterns along the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Correct patterning of the DV axis leads to formation of the presumptive mesoderm, neurogenic ectoderm, dorsal ectoderm, and amnioserosa, which are tissues necessary for embryo viability. While Toll signaling is necessary for Dorsal gradient formation, a gradient still forms in the absence of Toll, suggesting there are additional mechanisms required to achieve correct nuclear Dorsal levels. Potential mechanisms include post-translational modification, shuttling, and nuclear spacing. Post-translational modification could affect import and export rates either directly through modification of a nuclear localization sequence or nuclear export sequence, or indirectly by affecting interactions with binding partners that alter import and export rates. Shuttling, which refers to the facilitated diffusion of Dorsal through its interaction with its cytoplasmic inhibitor Cactus, could regulate nuclear levels by delivering more Dorsal ventrally. Finally, nuclear spacing could result in higher nuclear levels by leaving fewer nuclei in the ventral domain to uptake Dorsal. This review details how each of these mechanisms may help establish Dorsal nuclear levels in the early fly embryo, which serves as a paradigm for understanding how the dynamics of graded inputs can influence patterning and target gene expression. Furthermore, careful analysis of nuclear Dorsal levels is likely to provide general insights as recent studies have suggested that the regulation of nuclear import affects the timing of gene expression at the maternal-to-zygotic transition.

Transdifferentiation is temporally uncoupled from progenitor pool expansion during hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish inner ear.

Death of mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear is a common cause of auditory and vestibular impairment in mammals, which have a limited ability to regrow these cells after damage. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates, including zebrafish, can robustly regenerate hair cells after severe organ damage. The zebrafish inner ear provides an understudied model system for understanding hair cell regeneration in organs that are highly conserved with their mammalian counterparts. Here, we quantitatively examine hair cell addition during growth and regeneration of the larval zebrafish inner ear. We used a genetically encoded ablation method to induce hair cell death and we observed gradual regeneration with correct spatial patterning over a 2-week period following ablation. Supporting cells, which surround and are a source of new hair cells, divide in response to hair cell ablation, expanding the possible progenitor pool. In parallel, nascent hair cells arise from direct transdifferentiation of progenitor pool cells temporally uncoupled from supporting cell division. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of hair cell regeneration with implications for how hair cells may be encouraged to regenerate in the mammalian ear.

Analysis toolkit for evaluation of drug titration practice in acute lymphoblastic leukemia maintenance.

During the 2-year maintenance treatment phase (MT) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), personalized patient-specified titration of oral antimetabolite drug doses is required to ensure maximum tolerated systemic drug exposure. Drug titration is difficult to implement in practice and insufficient systemic drug exposure resulting from inadequate dose titration increases risk of ALL relapse. We developed an open-source R-based analytical toolkit, including the allMT R package and an interactive web-based R Shiny VIATAMIN application, to evaluate antimetabolite drug titration during MT. Evaluation is initiated with basic visualization analysis of drug titration, in both individual patients and patient cohorts. Observations are supplemented with descriptive analyses of hematological toxicity frequency and prescriber compliance rates with protocol drug titration rules. In individual patients, visual and quantitative analyses indicate recurring potentially correctable suboptimal drug titration patterns. In patient cohorts, the toolkit enables evaluation of the impact of interventions to optimize MT drug titration. Incorporation of the toolkit in a forthcoming clinical decision support system for MT would enable real-time examination and course correction of drug titration practice. Future versions will be enhanced to include other variables that influence drug titration practice, including clinical toxicity data and later, pharmacological markers of antimetabolite, adherence, and drug activity.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Asi (MP -ASI ) Pada Anak Usia 6 - 24 Bulan Di PBM Susi Rini Safitri Kab.Simalungun Tahun 2023

Infancy between the ages of 6-24 months is a golden age for child growth and development. This period is a good opportunity for parents to strive for optimal child growth and development. One effort that parents can make to achieve this is through good and correct parenting patterns given to children. This study aims to determine the Relationship between Mother's Knowledge and Attitudes with the Provision of Complementary Foods (MP-ASI) to Children Aged 6-24 Months at PBM Susi Rini Safitri, Simalungun Regency in 2023. This type of research is an analytical survey study with a cross-sectional method approach. The population is all mothers who have children aged 6-24 months as many as 42 people. The number of samples used was 42 people obtained using the Total sampling technique. The data analysis technique used chi square. the results obtained in this study are from 42 respondents, there is a relationship between maternal attitudes and the Provision of Complementary Food for Breast Milk (MP-ASI) in Children Aged 6-24 Months shows that the p value = 0.000 <0.05. there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and the Provision of Complementary Food for Breast Milk (MP-ASI) in Children Aged 6-24 Months shows that the p value = 0.012 <0.05. It is recommended for Health Workers to increase counseling related to the Occurrence of Anemia in Pregnant Women.

Isoforms of terminal selector Mamo control axon guidance during adult Drosophila memory center construction via Semaphorin-1a

In animals undergoing metamorphosis, the appearance of the nervous system is coincidently transformed by the morphogenesis of neurons. Such morphogenic alterations are exemplified in three types of intrinsic neurons in the Drosophila memory center. In contrast to the well-characterized remodeling of γ neurons, the morphogenesis of α/β and α’/β′ neurons has not been adequately explored. Here, we show that mamo, a BTB-zinc finger transcription factor that acts as a terminal selector for α’/β′ neurons, controls the formation of the correct axonal pattern of α’/β′ neurons. Intriguingly, specific Mamo isoforms are preferentially expressed in α’/β′ neurons to regulate the expression of axon guidance molecule Semaphorin-1a. This action directs proper axon guidance in α’/β′ neurons, which is also crucial for wiring of α’/β’ neurons with downstream neurons. Taken together, our results provide molecular insights into how neurons establish correct axonal patterns in circuitry assembly during adult memory center construction.

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry provides screening of selective androgen receptor modulators

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry allows for analysis of samples in their natural state, i.e., with no sample pre-treatment. It can be viewed as a fast, simple, and economical analysis, but its main disadvantages include a lower analytical performance due to the presence of complex sample matrix and the lack of chromatographic separation prior to the introduction of the sample into the mass spectrometer. Here we present an application of two ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques, i.e., Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization and Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization, for the analysis of known Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, which represent common compounds of abuse in professional and semiprofessional sport. Eight real samples of illegal food supplements, seized by the local law enforcement, were used to test the performance of the ambient mass spectrometry and the results were validated against a newly developed targeted LC-UV-MS/MS method performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with an external calibration for each analyte. In order to decide whether or not the compound can be declared as present, we proposed a system of rules for the interpretation of the obtained spectra. The criteria are based on mass spectrum matching (5–10 ppm accuracy from the theoretical exact mass and a correct isotopic pattern), duration of the mass signal (three or five consecutive scans, depending on the instrumentation used), and intensity above the background noise (threefold increase in intensity and absolute intensity above 5E4 or 1E5, depending on the instrumentation). When applying these criteria, good agreement was found between the tested methods. Ambient ionization techniques were effective at detecting SARMs at pharmacologically relevant doses, i.e., approximately above 1 mg per capsule, although they may fail to detect lower levels or isomeric species. It is demonstrated that when adhering to a set of clear and consistent rules, ambient mass spectrometry can be employed as a qualitative technique for the screening of illegal SARMs with sufficient confidence and without the necessity to perform a regular LC-MS analysis.

Patterns of oxytocin use for induction and augmentation of labour among healthcare providers in Nigeria

BackgroundThe practice of intrapartum use of oxytocin for induction and augmentation of labour is increasing worldwide with documented wide variations in clinical use, especially dose administrations. There is also evidence of intrapartum use by unauthorized cadre of staff.AimThis study assessed the patterns – frequency of intrapartum use of oxytocin, the doses and routes of administration for induction and augmentation of labour, and identified the predictors of oxytocin use for induction and augmentation of labour by healthcare providers in Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare providers – doctors, nurses/midwives and community health workers (CHWs) in public and private healthcare facilities across the country’s six geopolitical zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 6,299 eligible healthcare providers who use oxytocin for pregnant women during labour and delivery. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect relevant data and analysed using STATA 17 statistical software. Summary and inferential statistics were done and further analyses using multivariable regression models were performed to ascertain independent predictor variables of correct patterns of intrapartum oxytocin usage. The p-value was set at < 0.05.ResultsOf the 6299 respondents who participated in the study, 1179 (18.7%), 3362 (53.4%), and 1758 (27.9%) were doctors, nurses/midwives and CHWs, respectively. Among the respondents, 4200 (66.7%) use oxytocin for augmentation of labour while 3314 (52.6%) use it for induction of labour. Of the 1758 CHWs, 37.8% and 49% use oxytocin for induction and augmentation of labour, respectively. About 10% of the respondents who use oxytocin for the induction or augmentation of labour incorrectly use the intramuscular route of administration and about 8% incorrectly use intravenous push. Being a doctor, and a healthcare provider from government health facilities were independent positive predictors of the administration of correct dose oxytocin for induction and augmentation of labour. The CHWs were most likely to use the wrong route and dose administration of oxytocin for the induction and augmentation of labour.ConclusionOur study unveiled a concerning clinical practice of intrapartum oxytocin use by healthcare providers in Nigeria – prevalence of intrapartum use of oxytocin, inappropriate routes of administration for induction and augmentation of labour, varied and inappropriately high start dose of administration including unauthorized and high intrapartum use of oxytocin among CHWs.

The pioneer transcription factor Zelda facilitates the exit from regeneration and restoration of patterning in Drosophila.

For a damaged tissue to regenerate, the injured site must repair the wound, proliferate, and restore the correct patterning and cell types. We found that Zelda, a pioneer transcription factor largely known for its role in embryonic zygotic genome activation, is dispensable for normal wing development but crucial for wing disc patterning during regeneration. Impairing Zelda function during disc regeneration resulted in adult wings with a plethora of cell fate errors, affecting the veins, margins, and posterior compartment identity. Using CUT&RUN, we identified and validated targets of Zelda including the cell fate genes cut, Delta and achaete, which failed to return to their normal expression patterns upon loss of Zelda. In addition, Zelda controls expression of factors previously established to preserve cell fate during regeneration like taranis and osa, which stabilizes engrailed expression during regeneration, thereby preserving posterior identity. Finally, Zelda ensures proper expression of the integrins encoded by multiple edematous wings and myospheroid during regeneration to prevent blisters in the resuting adult wing. Thus, Zelda is crucial for maintaining cell fate and structural architecture of the regenerating tissue.

Single shot depth-resolved imaging through dynamic turbid media

Guide star assisted wavefront shaping techniques have been exploited for focusing and imaging through turbid media by addressing a scatter inverse pattern. However, the turbid medium is required to be steady before finding the proper correction pattern, which limits applications in focusing and imaging through dynamic media, such as turbid water or blood. This study proposes a holography-based dual-polarization computational wavefront shaping method for imaging objects at variant depths behind dynamic turbid media. The orthogonal polarized output speckles of a point source (considered as a guide star) and an object are simultaneously recorded in holograms in separate regions of a single CCD camera. The holograms of the point source and object are subjected to the same distortion regardless of whether the media is static or dynamic. The hologram of the point source is used to determine the correction phase pattern for the distortion, while that of the object is used to record the complex scattered wavefront of the object. To reconstruct a clear object image, the wavefront of the scattered object is digitally corrected using the correction phase pattern and is then transferred to the image plane by calculating the transmission of the angular spectrum. Benefiting from the autofocusing feature of digital holography, objects at different depths can be recovered from a single shot hologram pair. The potential applications of the proposed method in diverse dynamic scattering media are demonstrated by imaging through a moving diffuser, turbid water, and pig blood with optical depth beyond 10.