Correction Of Foot Research Articles

Analysis of Running Techniques and Physical Factors on the Sprinter Ability of Grade V Elementary School

This study investigates the relationship between running techniques, physical factors, and the sprinting abilities of fifth-grade elementary school students. Through direct observation and measurement of students’ running techniques, as well as assessments of their physical attributes such as speed, leg muscle strength, and flexibility. This research aims to identify key factors that contribute to sprinting performance. Statistical analysis reveals a significant positive correlation between proper running techniques characterized by a forward-leaning posture, synchronized arm-leg movements, and correct foot landing and enhanced sprinting ability. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of physical factors, with findings showing that students possessing greater leg muscle strength and flexibility exhibit superior sprinting capabilities. The correlation analysis underscores the strong influence of both running techniques and physical attributes on sprinting performance, indicating that improvements in these areas can lead to enhanced athletic outcomes. These findings have practical implications for the development of targeted training programs in elementary schools, emphasizing the enhancement of running techniques and physical conditioning. By focusing on structured training that incorporates muscle strengthening, flexibility improvement, and technique refinement, educators can help students maximize their athletic potential and encourage lifelong healthy habits. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing sprinting abilities and offers a foundation for optimizing physical education practices for young athletes.

Three-Dimensional Bone Alignment from Cone-Beam Computed-Tomography Scans in Weight-Bearing and Clinical Outcomes Following the Modified Grice–Green Surgical Procedure for Adult Acquired Flatfoot

Severe adult-acquired flatfoot deformity is widely addressed surgically via the Grice–Green subtalar arthrodesis. Standard radiographic measurements have been reported, but these are limited to planar views. These complex deformities and the relevant corrections after surgery should be assessed in weight-bearing using 3D analyses now enabled by modern cone-beam CT scans. The present study is aimed at reporting these 3D radiographical foot bone alignments and the clinical results for this surgery. Ten patients were treated with the Grice–Green procedure. This implies inserting an autologous bone graft from the proximal tibial into the extra-articular sinus-tarsi to perform a subtalar arthrodesis. Before and after surgery, the patients were assessed based on the clinical range-of-motion and Foot-Function and Posture Indexes. Three-dimensional models of the tibia, calcaneus, talus, navicular, and 1st metatarsus were reconstructed from cone-beam CT scans in a single-leg up-right posture. Relevant longitudinal axes were defined to calculate ten spatial angles. Post-operatively, a significant realignment was observed for seven angles, including corrections lift-up of the talus (on average by 15°) and subtalar joint (13° in 3D), as well as the Meary’s angle (21°). Only few correlations were found between traditional clinical and novel 3D radiographical measurements, suggesting the former only limitedly represent the corresponding real skeletal status, and the latter thus offer the physician a more comprehensive evaluation. The present original analysis from modern cone-beam CT scans shows precisely the correction of foot and ankle bone alignments achieved using the Grice–Green surgical procedure, finally in 3D and in weight-bearing. For the first time, traditional clinical and score system evaluations are reported together with bone orientation and joint angles in the three anatomical planes.

Analisis Strategi dan Teknik Tendangan Sabit Dalam Olahraga Pencak Silat: A Systematic Literature Review

Hook kick is a crucial technique in the Indonesian martial art of Pencak Silat that requires precise strategy for its effectiveness. This research employs a systematicliteraturereview method to explore relevant studies on hook kick strategies in Pencak Silat. The method involves searching scientific articles and other pertinent sources to identify commonly used strategies and the scientific evidence supporting them. Analysis of the literature reveals that hook kick strategies can be categorized into several key elements, including proper body positioning, correct foot techniques, utilization of body momentum, and effective distance management. These findings provide deeper insights into how this technique can be effectively applied in combat situations and training. The research outcomes are expected to offer profound insights applicable to training and skill development in Pencak Silat, contributing to the enhancement of overall standards in this martial art. Keywords: Sickle Kick Technique, Sports, and Pencak Silat

Use of computer-assisted hexapod external fixators for complex foot and ankle reconstructions – An analysis of functional outcomes and complications

IntroductionFoot and ankle pathology can often require complex surgical reconstruction. Until recently, circular external fixators such as the Ilizarov frame have proven to be useful, yet they fall short when progressive, precise corrections are required. Computer-assisted hexapod external fixators seek to address many of the shortfalls of traditional circular fixators. However, evidence for their use is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the functional and quality of life outcomes and post-operative complications of patients treated with computer-assisted hexapod external fixation. MethodsA retrospective, observational study was conducted. All cases were treated with either a TrueLok hex (TL-HEX) or a Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) fixator. Primary outcomes were post-operative improvement in 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF12) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) scores, and complications following Paley’s classification. ResultsA total of 59 patients with complex foot and ankle conditions using 64 external fixation frames were included. The median sum of both SF12 score domains improved from a preoperative score of 63.6 to 91.3 at last follow-up (p < 0.001). Median AOFAS improved from a preoperative score of 35 to 75.5 at last follow up (p < 0.001). Functional improvement was not affected by the choice of external fixator. Complications occurred in 49 cases (77 %). The most common post-operative complications included pin tract complications in 37 (58 %) cases, joint rigidity in 24 (38 %) and axial deviation in 9 (14 %). ConclusionsComputer-assisted hexapod external fixation is an effective technique to correct complex foot and ankle deformities and leads to a marked improvement in post-operative functional and quality-of-life outcomes with a high minor complication rate.

Effectiveness of minimally invasive treatment of hallux valgus with small incision external articular osteotomy

To compare the effectiveness of small incision external articular minimally invasive osteotomy and traditional Chevron osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 58 patients (58 feet) with hallux valgus who were admitted between April 2019 and June 2022 and met the selection criteria. Among them, 28 cases were treated with small incision external articular minimally invasive osteotomy (minimally invasive group), and 30 cases were treated with traditional Chevron osteotomy (traditional group). There was no significant difference in baseline data such as age, gender, disease duration, Mann classification, and preoperative inter metatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), forefoot width, tibial sesamoid position (TSP) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, psychological score (SF-12 MCS score) and physiological score (SF-12 PCS score) of short-form 12 health survey scale, and range of motion (ROM) of metatarsophalangeal joint between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, weight-bearing walking time, fracture healing time, and incidence of complications were recorded and compared between the two groups; as well as the changes of imaging indexes at last follow-up, and the clinical function score and ROM of metatarsophalangeal joint before operation, at 6 weeks after operation, and at last follow-up. All patients were followed up 11-31 months, with an average of 22 months. The incision length and intraoperative blood loss in the minimally invasive group were significantly less than those in the traditional group ( P<0.05), and the intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency and operation time in the minimally invasive group were significantly more than those in the traditional group ( P<0.05); but no significant difference was found in weight-bearing walking time and fracture healing time between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was 1 case of skin injury in the minimally invasive group and 3 cases of poor incision healing in the traditional group; all patients had good healing at the osteotomy site, and no complication such as infection, nerve injury, or metatarsal head necrosis occurred. At last follow-up, the imaging indexes of the two groups significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). The changes of DMAA and TSP score in the minimally invasive group were significantly better than those in the traditional group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the changes of IMA, HVA, and forefoot width between the two groups ( P>0.05). The clinical scores and ROM of metatarsophalangeal joint significantly improved in the two groups at 6 weeks after operation and at last follow-up when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05), and the indicators in the minimally invasive group were significantly better than those in the traditional group ( P<0.05). Compared with traditional Chevron osteotomy, small incision external articular minimally invasive osteotomy can effectively improve HVA, IMA, and forefoot width, correct foot deformities, and has less trauma. It can better correct the first metatarsal pronation deformity and restore the anatomical position of the sesamoid bone, resulting in better effectiveness.

Deep Learning Approach for Gait Detection for Precise Stimulation of FES to Correct Foot Drop

Automatic detection of foot lift is one of the most important events of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The FES system is used for the correction of Foot Drop (FD). FD is a condition where a person is unable to lift their foot from the ground due to complications that may arise after a stroke or spinal cord injury. It is crucial to accurately detect the patient’s foot lift event when correcting FD through FES as the pulse should only be applied when the person lifts their foot. The FES system applies the electrical pulse based on the input of the foot-lift detection sensor. A conventional FES system employs a sensor that is affixed on the heel to detect the lifting of the foot, but the connecting cables make the patient uncomfortable. To address this problem, IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)-based sensors have been used, but they have some disadvantages, such as false triggering, low accuracy, and calibration. In this paper, we have presented an algorithm for detecting foot-lift events with high accuracy using a single IMU sensor through the application of deep learning techniques. We have recorded data from 10 healthy people and 10 foot drop patients. We have implemented Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models on these data and compared the results of these three models. The proposed algorithm aims to improve the precision of stimulation in the FES system.

Effects of Articulated &amp; Static Ankle Foot Orthotics on Gait Kinematics: Foot Drop Patients Perspective

Foot drop is a common occurrence following stroke. Ankle foot orthotics (AFO) are used to correct drop foot deformity with several AFOs available to choose from. Literature suggests research on the impact of articulated AFO on gait. Objective: To determine the impact of static/ rigid and articulated AFO on gait kinematics in foot drop cases. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 100 unilateral drop foot cases from the PIPOS Rehabilitation Services Program from September 2019 to February 2020. The sample included both genders aged 2-15 years. Gait Lab data were used to compare the results while wearing static AFO and articulated AFO and analyzed using SPSS version 21. T-test was used to see difference between groups with p-value &lt;0.05 considered significant. Results: Articulated AFO is significantly (p&lt;0.001) better than rigid AFO in terms of step length, stride time, and cadence. Articulated AFO is significantly better at initial contact (p&lt;0.001), mid stance (Hip p=0.006, Knee &amp; ankle p&lt;0.001) and terminal stance (p&lt;0.001) than rigid AFO. For Initial Swing, there was a significant (p&lt;0001) difference between AFOs for extension at knee and ankle joint. At mid-swing articulated AFO provided significantly (p&lt;0.001) better flexion at hip and knee joint. At terminal swing articulated AFO provided significantly (p&lt;0.001) better flexion at the hip and required extension at the knee. Conclusions: This study identified Articulated AFO was superior to rigid AFO in improving functional mobility and gait consistency &amp; lowering the risk of falling. Articulated AFOs were significantly better in terms of step length, stride time, and cadence.

Anatomical and Technical Considerations in Fascicular Nerve Transfers for Foot Drop.

Foot drop is the common endpoint for a diverse set of nerve injuries, affecting over 128,000 in the United States each year. The wide and oftentimes underappreciated zone of injury, finite pace of regeneration, and exponential decay in the percentage of motor end-plates reinnervated over time may explain the limited success with natural recovery and/or peripheral nerve surgery. Previously described nerve transfer techniques also suffer from incompletely balancing the foot and ankle, poor donor-target nerve synergy, and/or not effectively bypassing the zone of injury. Based on an understanding of why past nerve techniques have failed to correct foot drop, a set of surgical principles can be codified to optimize functional outcomes. Surgical technique should be versatile enough to address foot drop from any of the three common pathways of injury (lumbar spine, sciatic nerve, and common peroneal nerve). For maximal stability, one should look to balance the foot in both dorsiflexion and eversion. Detailed description and illustrations of the branching anatomy for the peroneal and tibial nerves are provided, with specific application to nerve transfer reconstruction. With increasing familiarity using this once poorly understood anatomical region, limitations with past nerve transfer techniques may be overcome.

Treatment for plano-valgus foot in children with subtalar arthroereisis. A review

Plano-valgus foot is a common problem among children and adolescents. The problem is most often noticed in early childhood, as this is the period when the arches of the foot should achieve a normal structure through the disappearance of the fat pad that is present from birth. During this period, the child's skeletal system is very malleable and its remodelling can be considerably influenced by additional factors. This is due to the high amount of cartilage tissue present in a child's skeletal system. Plano-valgus foot can be treated with non-operative methods, such as physiotherapy or the use of orthopaedic supplies, such as suitable orthopaedic insoles. Unfortunately, non-operative treatment is not always sufficient. If physiotherapy does not achieve the expected results, a physician may opt for surgical treatment to restore a correct foot alignment. The most commonly performed plano-valgus foot procedure is subtalar arthroereisis. It is a minimally invasive procedure that takes approximately 10–30 minutes to perform. During the procedure, appropriate implants of various types and sizes are inserted into the tarsal sinus to reduce excessive foot pronation. Studies have shown that the procedure is beneficial to the patient, as it positions the foot correctly and children can return to performing physical activities without experiencing pain and/or rapid muscle fatigue in the foot area. The most commonly used measurements to assess the effects of plantar arthrodesis are those calculated from X-rays, such as Meary's angle, calcaneal inclination pitch angle (CP), talocalcaneal angle (Kite's angle), and surveys using The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society’s (AOFAS’s) ankle and hindfoot scoring system.

Performance indicators in speed climbing: insights from the literature supplemented by a video analysis and expert interviews.

Due to the goal of mastering a standardised route with relatively large handholds as quickly as possible, the weighting of performance-determining factors might be different in speed climbing in comparison to lead climbing or bouldering. The objective of this paper was to identify physical and tactical factors for peak performance in speed climbing. Therefore, not only existing literature was reviewed but also a video analysis of the final round of speed climbing at the Olympic games and interviews with experts were done. Out of two hundred and one articles initially found by searching in Medline, Elsevier and Google Scholar databases, 38 were ultimately considered. Generally, an increased lower limb power, a small body mass index, an improved anaerobic glycogen system, and a high fluency in movements were identified as characteristics for high-speed climbing performance. Based on video analysis of Olympic games, coordinated motions, correct foot movements and shorter reaction time could take a novice speed climber to an elite level. Furthermore, male climbers should avoid pairing hands on holds. Considering the increasing popularity, the continued improvement of the record time in this discipline, and the currently limited amount of relevant literature should stimulate future studies on performance-determining variables, assessments, and training methods to maintain the attractiveness of speed climbing.

Conservative Treatment with Arch Support Inflatable Ankle-Foot Orthosis Does Not Correct Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity: A Prospective Comparative and Controlled Study

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (PCFD) can present with independent deformities, characterized by five classes: hindfoot valgus (Class A), midfoot abduction (Class B), forefoot varus (Class C), Peritalar Subluxation (PTS) (Class D) and ankle valgus (Class E). Conservative treatment includes the use of corrective insoles and orthotics. Arch support inflatable Ankle-Foot orthoses (IAFO) can help control symptoms in PCFD patients. However, the ability of IAFOs to correct deformities in PCFD is unknown. The aim of this prospective comparative and controlled study was to assess the ability of arch support IAFOs to correct 3D overall PCFD alignment as well as the five different PCFD classes independently. We hypothesized that IAFOs would correct PCFD 3D overall alignment as well as the five independent classes of deformity. Methods: After IRB approval, we enrolled 24 symptomatic PCFD and 24 controls matched on age, sex, and BMI. Flexible PCFD patients and controls were scanned using Weight-Bearing CT (WBCT) with and without an arch support IAFO. The Foot and Ankle Offset (FAO) was used to assess the 3D foot overall alignment. We measured the Hindfoot moment arm (HMA, Class A), the Talonavicular coverage angle (TNCA, Class B), the Meary’s angle and medial cuneiform-to-floor distance (C1-floor) for the Class C and the middle facet uncoverage (MFunco, Class D). No Class E patients were included. Measurements were performed by two fellowship-trained surgeons. A power-analysis hypothesizing that IAFOs would be two times less efficient than the PCFD surgery in correcting the FAO, the requisite number of subjects was 24 per group. Data normality was assessed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Comparisons used normality based paired T-tests or paired-Wilcoxon tests. P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. Results: PCFD measurements performed in controls were all significantly less pronounced than unbraced PCFD patients, confirming the presence of collapse (ps &lt; 0.0001). Comparing PCFD without and with IAFO, the FAO did not show significant improvement (respectively 6.6+/-3.7% vs 5.5+/-4.2%, p=0.101). The HMA (8.8+/-5.8 vs 8.1+/-5.8, p=0.66), the TNCA (24.2+/-10.6 vs 21.9+/-9.7, p=0.44) and the MFunco (37+/-12% vs 31+/-18%, p=0.17) also did not portray significant improvements when applying the IAFOs. The Meary’s angle (17.6+/-7.2 vs 10.8+/-7.3, p=0.002) and C1-floor (17.2+/-3.3mm vs 24.1+/-5.3mm, p&lt; 0.001) were the only to improve significantly with use of IAFOs. When comparing braced PCFD and controls, the only measurement that improved to normal values, similar to controls, in braced PCFD was the C1-floor (24.1+/-5.3mm in PCFD with IAFO vs 25.7+/- 5.4mm in controls, p=0.31). Conclusion: In this prospective comparative and controlled study, we found that arch support IAFOs was not able to correct overall 3D deformity and most of the specific classes in PCFD. The orthosis did not improve hindfoot valgus (Class A), midfoot abduction (Class B) or peritalar subluxation (Class D) in PCFD. The only deformity pattern to improve with the use of IAFOs was the medial longitudinal arch height (Class C). These improvements were expected by the presence of the inflatable bladder of the IAFO on the plantar aspect of the foot, pushing the longitunal arch up but not correcting the entire PCFD.

Enhancing Self-Management Skills of Patients With Existing Diabetic Foot Ulcerations: A Quality Improvement Project.

The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to determine the impact of a nurse-administered foot care intervention bundle (NA-FCIB) upon self-management knowledge, skills, and outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcerations. The sample comprised 39 patients being treated for diabetic foot ulceration at a wound care clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Arlington, Virginia. The project was conducted from August 2017 to February 2018. This quality improvement project used the Johns Hopkins Plan-Do-Study-Act Method supplemented by self-regulation theory for diabetic patient education and evidence in clinical literature. The 12-week-long intervention included one-on-one teaching in the prevention of ulcerations and optimal care of the diabetic foot, blood glucose level tracking logs, patient "teach-back" and skills demonstration, and free foot care tools. From baseline to post-NA-FCIB, the number of participants knowing the reasons for temperature foot protection increased by 92%, those knowing major factors leading to diabetic foot ulceration by 85%, those knowing what to look for in the foot self-exam by 85%, and those able to demonstrate correct foot self-exam by 84%. The number of participants understanding proper footwear increased by 74%, and those identifying ways to avoid/decrease the likelihood of diabetic foot ulcers by 72%. Mean serum hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) levels decreased from baseline to postintervention (8.27%; SD 2.05% vs 7.46%; SD 1.58%; P = .002). The NA-FCIB intervention was successfully incorporated into routine clinic care as the standard of care. Our experience suggests that the NA-FCIB may be feasible and effective for use at comparable wound care clinics and may have secondary benefits for HgbA1c regulation.

An Affordable Inkjet-Printed Foot Sole Sensor and Machine Learning for Telehealth Devices

Reduction of cardiovascular disease risk is highly correlated with regularity of exercise, which is not easily observed outside of medical settings, particularly for the elderly. Foot sole monitoring technology is now a saturated market due to its demand for applications in physical therapy, sports, hazardous work, etc. However, the best technology available comes with drawbacks like high prices, bulkiness, discomfort, and low power efficiencies. This work seeks to resolve many of these shortfalls with an inkjet printed foot sole inlay costing $1.85 per sensor, is flexible, runs on nano-watts of power, and can easily be fabricated to personally fit the user's foot. A suite of machine learning algorithms are compared to classify 4 ft movements: sitting, standing, walking, and jogging. Algorithm performance results of the sensor samples show the Support Vector Machine Kernel reaching 83.5% rate of detecting the correct foot movement and classifies 10 times per second. Future work includes embedding the trained algorithm onto a micro-processor, placing it into a shoe sole and performing trials to collect real-world user data such that the technology matures and benefits significantly to those who need a telehealth device for movement monitoring.

Study of biomechanical dynamic model of motor actions of trampoline athletes in the period of climbing height before the start of the competition program

The purpose of this study was to study the biomechanics of performing straight jumps on a trampoline among athletes who participated in rock climbing as part of the competition program. The main task was to improve the technical training of young Ukrainian trampoliners who are at the stage of specialized basic training (SBP). As part of the study, data on the performance of high-level trampoliners, including participants of the XXXI and XXXII Olympic Games, were analyzed to reveal the specifics of their direct jump technique. For this, video recordings of athletes' performances were analyzed and a complex biomechanical, dynamic and kinematic exercise model was created, including energy parameters as close as possible to ideal ones. With the help of a step-by-step evaluation of the parameters and the technique of movements on the trampoline, the factors affecting the biomechanical parameters of the model and their influence on the performance of the exercise were determined. Research has shown that performing a straight jump on a trampoline requires following certain technical requirements, including correct foot placement, accurate landing on the center of the trampoline, and correct distribution of body weight during the jump. The results of the study have both theoretical and practical significance and can be used for the training of trampolinists at the SBP stage. They can also be useful for coaches and athletes looking to improve their trampoline skills. In addition, the research may lead to the development of new methods of learning and training that will allow young athletes to achieve higher results in this sport. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of biomechanics in training programs for athletes, especially those involved in disciplines such as trampoline. The results can be used to improve the technique of athletes, as well as to develop more effective training methods for training young athletes.

Ankle arthrodesis by modified Mann’s technique. Step by step

Ankle arthrodesis is still the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage degeneration in the ankle joint. The anatomical surgical approach, correct foot alignment and stable fixation are the factors determining the positive effect of surgery. The study presents the technique of ankle arthrodesis by modified Mann’s technique which meets the above-mentioned criteria with the economical use of implants for its stabilization.

A 3-DOF electromotor-driven external fixator for foot and ankle deformity correction based on X-ray digital measurement.

The use of external fixators to treat foot and ankle deformities remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery due to their diversity. We hope to improve the automation and accuracy of the correction process. A three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) electromotor-driven external fixator for uniplanar foot and ankle deformities was proposed. Computer-assisted correction software was developed to help surgeons use digital technology to measure the required parameters from patients' X-ray radiographs. The correction trajectory and the prescriptions were generated in the software based on the proposed correction strategy. Two clinical cases were simulated to verify the correction ability of the developed external fixator. The results showed that the angular and displacement deformities were well corrected. The developed external fixator can accurately and automatically correct foot and ankle deformities with the help of computer-assisted correction software, which significantly reduces the burden on surgeons and patients.

Developmental Foot Deformities in Patients with Connective Tissue Disorders

Foot deformities make up a large percentage of all orthopaedic complaints in patients with Down syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Larsen syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Some common causes of foot deformities in these conditions include increased ligament laxity, hypotonia, and hypermobility of the joints. Treatment options for syndromic foot deformities include the use of foot orthoses, physical therapy, bracing, and various surgical procedures. There is limited evidence supporting the use of surgical intervention to correct foot deformities associated with Down syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Larsen syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the short-term and long-term outcomes of these procedures.

Changes in gait pattern and quality of life of adolescents with flexible flat foot after Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy

BackgroundCalcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy is a surgical technique to correct flexible flat foot deformities in patients who did not show any change in their symptoms after conservative treatment. In this study, the effects of CLO on the kinematic and kinetic changes of gait was analyzed and the clinical and quality of life improvements in children treated by CLO for moderate to severe symptomatic flexible flat foot deformities were assessed. MethodsParticipants were seven adolescents (13 feet) with symptomatic FFF who underwent during 2019–2022 and seven (10 feet) healthy children as control group. Three items were evaluated in each foot before and after surgery including: 1. Clinical examination 2.quality of life (using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4 questionnaire) 3. Gait analysis (Vicon motion systems, Oxford metrics Inc., UK). Also, the kinetic and kinematic analysis between patients and healthy groups were compared. ResultsKinematic results of control was significantly better than FFF group. Ankle range of motion(32.94 ± 13.39 compared to 32.94 ± 13.39,P-Value:0.01),foot progression angle (−9.26 ± 7.67 compared to −16.07 ± 9.00,P-Value:0.01),and internal rotation of ankle was higher in control group compared to FFF. FFF patients demonstrated improvement in kinematic results after CLO surgery. Foot progression angle was improved after surgery (−11.31 ± 6.07 compared to −16.19 ± 7.06, P-value:0.00), maximum plantar flexion decreased after CLO surgery due to achil tendon procedure during CLO surgery. Kinetic results of FFF patients showed significant increase in ankle Power in coronal and transverse plane, Also knee and hip power showed similar results.Quality of life parameters showed significant improve in all parameters (Physical,Social, emotional and school function), Also ADKE and ADKF improved after surgery. ConclusionCLO surgery significantly improved patients' quality of life of patients with symptomatic FFF. Also, kinetic results showed improvement in some parameters of gait results after CLO surgery. Thus, our study suggested CLO surgery as an excellent surgical option for symptomatic FFF.

Aerobic Capacity in Relation to Selected Elements of Body Posture.

In the 21st century, with the rapid development of many human life areas, physical activity should be prevalent in health maintenance and promotion. Body posture is a motor habit characteristic of every individual. Its correctness depends on numerous aspects, e.g., physical activity, age, mental state, or eating habits. There are numerous reports in the literature on the impact of physical activity on body posture, correct foot arch development, and the level of aerobic capacity in children and adolescents, but there is a noticeable lack of assessments of these characteristics and their correlations in adults. To evaluate aerobic capacity in males and females in relation to selected body posture elements. The study involved 45 females and 46 males aged 20-21 years. The inclusion criteria involved declared good health and no contraindications. Selected somatic traits, body posture, and physical capacity indicators were determined. Physical capacity shows a significant relationship with body mass in both sexes (female: r = -0.346; p = 0.020; male: r = -0.321; p = 0.030). A significant correlation was observed between aerobic capacity and lean body mass in females (r = -0.428; p = 0.003) and body mass (r = -0.461; p = 0.001) and body fat percentage in males (r = -0.443; p = 0.002). A significant correlation was demonstrated between maximal oxygen uptake and Clarke's angle (r = -0.300; p = 0.045) in females, between maximal oxygen uptake and the loaded area of the right foot (r = -0.247; p = 0.098) in the male group, and between maximal oxygen uptake and spine lateral deviation (r = 0.352; p = 0.018) in females. There was no dimorphism between body posture elements and physical capacity except for the level of foot longitudinal arches, feet loading surface, spine lateral deviation, and the range of spine mobility in the sagittal and frontal planes. Aerobic capacity significantly influenced lean body mass (β = -0.379; p = 0.007) and spine deviation from the anatomical axis in the frontal plane in females (β = 0.287; p = 0.039) and body fat percentage in males (β = -0.443; p = 0.002). Selected body posture elements demonstrate relationships with physical capacity in both sexes. The results should find wide practical applications, e.g., in promoting a comprehensive assessment of body posture and physical capacity as determinants of health maintenance.

EVALUATING DYNAMIC BALANCE AND ISOMETRIC HIP MUSCLE STRENGTHS OF HEALTHY ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT FOOT POSTURE ALTERATION

Hip abductor (ABD) and adductor (ADD) muscle imbalances lead to injuries in lumbo-pelvic hip complex, and these imbalances and other factors such as foot posture might affect dynamic balance. The present study aims to examine body mass index (BMI), dynamic balance and hip muscle strength values of adolescents with different foot posture alteration. Fifty-nine healthy adolescents (mean age 12±3 years, height 156±11.46 cm, weight 50.57±11.60 kg) voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were divided into two groups according to Foot Posture Index (FPI): (Neutral Foot Group (NFG), n=48 / Prone Foot Group (PFG), n=11). The participants’ single leg – both legs dynamic balance values were measured by using balance measurement device (TOGUtm), and their hip ABD and ADD isometric muscle strengths were measured through the load cell. The dynamic balance, BMI and muscle strength values of the groups were compared by using Independent Sample t-Test. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups according to right and left single leg dynamic balance values (p&lt;0.05). The study revealed that one of the most significant factors affecting dynamic balance in adolescents is foot posture. It is believed that using insoles suitable for the foot posture might be helpful in increasing the efficiency of dynamic movements carried out on a single leg and it is essential to suggest some exercises to correct foot postures when necessary.