Correct Brushing Technique Research Articles

The influence of fixed orthodontic treatment on the microbiology of bacterial plaque

Dental plaque is a complex biofilm organization and is considered to be the primary causal factor of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Fixed orthodontic tretatmentis a risk factor in bacterial plaque accumulation. The purpose of this study was to detect pathogenic bacteria in dental plaque using laboratory tests. The selected patients were in numerr of 48, aged between 11 and 49, both male and female who required orthodontic treatment. After reciveing orthodontic braces, using a manual toothbrush, patients were thaught the correct brushing technique. After 6 months of orthodontic appliance use, plaque samples were collected from the surface of the teeth, and some elastic ligatures. The samples were collected using a transport medium swab, and the analyses were performed at a medical analysis laboratory (Synevo). Analyzing all the data from the tests, it is concluded that orthodontic treatment has a significant impact on the microbiology of bacterial plaque.

Mechanical plaque removal in step-1 of care.

Maintaining a regular oral hygiene routine is essential for taking care of our mouths, ensuring healthy teeth, and achieving fresh breath. Patient education on oral hygiene is an important component of their overall treatment. Firstly, patients should be informed about the direct connection between bacteria in dental plaque and oral diseases. It is important for patients to understand that these conditions can be treated, but the success of treatment greatly depends on their level of oral hygiene. This journey begins by selecting the appropriate toothbrush and mastering the correct brushing technique to effectively remove dental plaque while avoiding any potential damage to the gums. In addition to toothbrushes, there are other devices available for comprehensive dental cleaning, such as floss, interdental sticks, interdental brushes, and oral irrigators. These aids are particularly beneficial for eliminating dental plaque from hard-to-reach areas. Moreover, tongue brushing or tongue scraping can effectively reduce breath odor and tongue coating. Currently, self-care recommendations for dental implants are primarily based on existing knowledge regarding natural teeth cleaning. Evidence-based recommendations are derived from comprehensive systematic evaluation of various oral hygiene aids.

The Structures–Reactivity Relationship on Dental Plaque and Natural Products

Currently, an extensive variety of toothpastes are available on the market, containing basic components that are ubiquitous in all toothpastes, in addition to unique constituents that bestow characteristic traits, and it is crucial to acknowledge that certain components found in toothpastes are not recommended for ingestion due to their potentially negative impact on overall wellbeing, especially in children. This study aims to highlight the role of natural components as a substitute for toothpaste in achieving good oral hygiene and to focus on natural compounds that do not injure the body, especially considering the current trend towards the use of natural substances. Thus, the objective of this paper is to emphasize the advantages of using organic products. In Romania, due to the socio-economic conditions in rural areas, the use of these ingredients, which are available to everyone, could lead to an improvement in oral health. The study shows that a majority of 63% of the participants who used a toothpaste composed of natural constituents achieved an ISL bacterial plaque index equivalent of zero. This is noteworthy as the presence of the plaque index was detected in a mere minority of 13% of the subjects at the commencement of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the mentioned compounds in plaque removal, all participants in the study were instructed to use the same brushing technique known as the Bass method, which is recognized as one of the most effective techniques. The study concludes that mastery and application of the correct brushing technique, combined with toothpaste obtained from natural compounds, is successful in removing plaque.

Toothbrushing and Oral Care Activities of Autistic and Non-Autistic Latino Children

Background: Oral care activities, e.g., toothbrushing, are habitual occupations often considered routine. However, for autistic children, performing these routine dental practices can be challenging due to the child’s sensory sensitivities, unique executive function, and the complicated way in which autistic children conceptualize structure and habits. Limited research exists exploring the nuances of oral care routines in the autistic population, and more knowledge is needed to support targeted education interventions to improve oral care and address health inequities. The purpose of this study was to examine videos of oral care routines in the home to understand how oral care activities, such as toothbrushing, were performed by autistic and non-autistic Latino/a children. Methods: Parents/caregivers from eighteen Latino/a families with children between 6 and 12 years old (n = 10 autistic children and n = 8 non-autistic children) video recorded their child’s oral care routines for three days. The research team blindly coded and analyzed these videos using an oral care observation template to understand how these activities were uniquely performed by the children. Results: Eighty-five oral care videos were analyzed for this study. In addition to noting areas of oral care that can be improved, which included length of brushing and using the correct brushing technique, we identified two themes related to the differences between oral care practices in the autistic and non-autistic children: parent involvement and modifications. Conclusions: Qualitative findings show that parental involvement was documented especially in the case of autistic children, and that two types of modifications, habitual and sensory, were observed that demonstrated parents being aware of the needs of their autistic child and modifying the oral care activity to meet those needs. By synthesizing observations from the oral care videos into suggestions for practitioners working with families, we hope to supplement knowledge about effective oral care practices for autistic and non-autistic Latino/a children, thereby improving overall oral health and reducing oral health inequities in this population.

Effect of an educational intervention on manual toothbrush bristle wear: A light microscopic study.

The usage of a toothbrush with the most appropriate bristle type and a correct brushing technique are the most important factors in determining the thoroughness of plaque control. The dental undergraduate course conventionally does not impart tooth brushing techniques in the preclinical years. This study aimed to assess the effect of an educational intervention of correct tooth brushing technique on the wear of toothbrush bristles by light microscopic examination amongst the budding dental professionals. Toothbrush bristle wear was measured by light microscopy before and after an educational intervention amongst 30 first-year dental professional students. Wear index (WI), wear rate (WR), and acceptable percentage of bristle end morphology were calculated. Mann-Whitney U-statistics test and unpaired t-test were used to compare measurements of acceptable percentage and gender wise, respectively. The difference was said to be significant if P < 0.05. The mean WI before intervention was 0.29 ± 0.122 and after the intervention was 0.23 ± 0.07, while the mean WR before intervention was 1.6 ± 0.167 and after the intervention was 1.17 ± 0.46% of bristle end morphology before intervention was 52.5 ± 10.064 and after intervention was 64.5 ± 5.625 with the difference being statistically significant with P < 0.05. The present study highlights the importance of imparting a correct tooth brushing technique in reducing the toothbrush bristle wear and improving the efficiency of the toothbrush in maintaining optimum oral hygiene. Early intervention of correct oral hygiene measures is especially prudent for the budding dental professional for future healthcare delivery to the general population.

Plaque Removal Efficacy of Dental floss Compare to Water Jet Following Single Use

Background: Dental plaque (biofilm) is a well-known contributor to the onset and progression of many dental illnesses. Plaque is a natural biofilm that develops on oral surfaces and contains a wide variety of organisms. As a result, it is critical to control plaque formation, particularly in the young population, by implementing effective preventive strategies. Objective: To assess and compare plaque removal efficacy of water flosser and string floss in patients. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of study: Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara University from 1st March 2019 to 31st May 2019. Methodology: Seventy patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, group A (using dental floss) as the control group and group B (using waterpik) as the intervention group, using the lottery technique. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, group A (control group), using dental floss and group B (intervention group), using waterpik utilizing the lottery technique. All participants were taught correct brushing technique utilizing the Modified Bass technique and manufacturer's instructions for using waterpik as well as normal flossing instructions for using Dental floss. Results: The mean age presentation was 34.23±6.78 years. The females were 42 (60%) males were 28 (40%). The mean percentage showed that those using water flosser with tooth brushing had low plaque score than using string floss with tooth brushing. The independent t test showed that water flosser is significantly more effective (p=0.001) in plaque reduction than conventional string floss. Conclusion: A water flosser coupled with hand brushing is more effective in eliminating plaque than string floss. Plaque removal was 20-30% higher in the group that used a water flosser. Key words: Efficacy, Dental floss, Water jet

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PANTAI DAN EDUKASI KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT PADA ANAK-ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI PASIA NAN TIGO KOTA PADANG

The low level of public awareness in maintaining oral health is important, because dental and oral diseases can reduce productivity. The high rate of dental caries requires that this problem be introduced early to school age children. The goal of the community service in Pasia Nan Tigo Village is to form health cadres and increase the knowledge of school-age children about oral and dental health. The method used was the empowerment of 5 health cadres, giving educational lectures, counseling, demonstration of tooth brushing skills. The level of knowledge was measured qualitatively by comparing knowledge of dental and oral health before and after health education. The results were obtained, the participants enthusiastically participated in the event from beginning to end. They also provide ideas and suggestions related to dental and oral health problems in the community. After education, the participants can demonstrate the correct brushing technique. Suggestions for the need for government and higher education cooperation to provide enlightenment, solutions to health problems in society.

Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort

BackgroundVitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem worldwide, however. Given the possibly significant role of Vitamin D in odontogenesis in children, the objective of our study was to determine the influence of vitamin D levels in the blood on dental anomalies in children between 6 and 10 years of age, by means of 25-hydroxy vitamin D tests performed during pregnancy and the first years of life.MethodsThe data analyzed were sourced from data belonging to the INMA-Asturias birth cohort, a prospective cohort study initiated in 2004 as part of the INMA Project. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test was performed with samples from 188 children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort with a dental examination performed between 6 and 10 years of age. The samples were taken at three stages: in the mother at 12 weeks of gestation, and subsequently in the child at 4 and 8 years of age. Diet, nutritional and oro-dental hygiene habits were also analyzed by means of questionnaires.ResultsThe results indicate a significant association between caries and correct or incorrect brushing technique. With incorrect brushing technique, the prevalence of caries was 48.89%, but this dropped to 22.38% with correct brushing technique. An association was also found between tooth decay and frequency of sugar intake. The prevalence of caries was 24.54% with occasional sugar intake, but this rose to 56% with regular sugar intake. On the other hand, levels < 20 ng/ml in both mother and child at 8 years of age would also be risk factors (ORgest = 2.51(1.01–6.36) and OR8years = 3.45(1.14–11.01)) for the presence of caries in children. The risk of caries practically tripled where 25(OH) D values were < 20 ng/ml.ConclusionsAlthough incorrect brushing technique and regular sugar consumption was found to be the main cause of caries in the children, the low concentrations of vitamin D in the blood of the pregnant mothers may have magnified this correlation, indicating that the monitoring of vitamin D levels during pregnancy should be included in antenatal programmes. It is particularly striking that 50% of the children were deficient in vitamin D at the age of 4, and that dental floss was practically absent from regular cleaning routines.

PREVALENCE OF CERVICAL ABRASION IN TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF CHITWAN

Background: Cervical abrasion is defined as the loss of tooth substance that occurs in the absence of carious mechanism at cementoenamel junction of a tooth. This type of lesion can cause discommoding effects in dental health. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cervical abrasion among general population in Chitwan and to relate the find­ing to probable etiology, thereby developing an etiological hypothesis that can be beneficial during treatment. Methods: The study was carried out between August 2019 and October 2019 in 500 adults who attended the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, COMS-TH. A proforma con­sisting of demographic data, type of diet and oral hygiene practices was used for the data col­lection and each patient went through a clinical examination as well. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was performed and Chi-square test of association was done. Results: Total prevalence of cervical abrasion in the study population was 10.4%. A statistically sig­nificant relationship was observed between cervical abrasion, gender, age, toothbrush frequency, method of tooth brushing and type of toothbrush employed. The study affirmed that population with cervical abrasion had hypersensitivity. Conclusions: The prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen to increase with age, frequency of toothbrushing, faulty method of toothbrushing and use of inappropriate type of toothbrush. Hence, it is advocated that dental professionals guide people on correct brushing technique and use of appropriate type of toothbrush to avoid and prevent this problem from worsening.

The association between hypertension, physical activity, and brushing technique with periodontal disease

Background: Periodontal tooth disease is the second most common dental disease after dental caries. Hypertension is increasing in the world especially in Indonesia. Several studies showed that hypertension could cause periodontal tooth disease. Physical activity can reduce hypertension, which can further reduce the incidence of periodontal disease. Brushing technique also plays a role in preventing periodontal disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hypertension, physical activity, and brushing technique with periodontal disease in Indonesia.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. A total of 722.329 samples were included, who were all household members aged ≥15 years. The data were secondary data from the National Health Survey 2013 study in 33 provinces and 497 districts/cities in Indonesia. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square analysis was used to know the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. Multivariate analysis using the logistic regression analysis was used to determine the simultaneous influence of the independent variable to the dependent variable.Results: There was a relationship between hypertension and periodontal tissue status (p&lt;0.001; OR = 1.15). There was a relationship between physical activity and periodontal tissue status (p&lt; 0.001; OR = 0.84). There was a relationship between brushing technique and periodontal tissue status (p&lt; 0.001, OR = 1.36). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between hypertension, physical activity, and correct brushing technique with periodontal tissue status (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: There was a relationship between hypertension, physical activity, and brushing technique with periodontal disease.Â

Caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y conocimientos en higiene bucal post alta en pacientes ges embarazada de un centro de salud familiar de Chillán

Las enfermedades bucales de mayor prevalencia en Chile son la caries y la enfermedad periodontal, y las mujeres embarazadas no son la excepción. Este trabajo se refiere a este caso. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la intervención odontológica en el número de caries dental y estado de salud periodontal post alta integral de las usuarias Programa Odontológico GES Embarazada año 2013 del CESFAM Violeta Parra de Chillán, Chile. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal en 67 embarazadas de alta integral en 2013 y evaluadas en box dental en 2016. Como fuente de información se utilizaron: Examen clínico, anamnesis odontológica, fichas clínicas, encuesta de hábitos de higiene bucal. El estudio fue autorizado por el comité de ética acreditado del hospital Herminda Martín de Chillán. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial empleando el programa SPSS con un valor de α de 0,05. Resultados: Las caries dentales disminuyeron significativamente de 10,34 a 0,81 post intervención (p

Comparative study of oral hygienic practices and oral health status among people residing in urban and urban slum of Ahmedabad municipal corporation

Background: Oral hygiene should be educated and practiced at early age as it is one of the determinants of the health state later in one’s life. Dental problems are very much prevalent not only in urban slum owing to poor oral hygiene but also in well-developed urban area due to pursuing bad food habit. The present study was undertaken to compare the oral hygienic practices among people in both areas. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out in 300 people (&gt;10 years) residing in urban and urban slum of Vejalpur (150 from each area). A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant for applied statistical tests. Results: The present study showed that only 26.7% and 17.2% people in urban and urban slum respectively had habit of brushing both time morning and at night before going to bed. Only 25.7% and 11.8% of people used correct brushing technique. Regarding oral health status 47.4% of people in urban area and 61.1% in urban slum had dental caries. Conclusions: Oral hygienic practices were poor needs educational motivation regarding duration of brushing, appropriate way to brush the teeth, and use of mouthwash.

Study of oral hygienic practices and oral health status among school children in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh: a cross-sectional study

Background: Oral hygiene should be educated and practiced at early age as it is one of the determinants of the health state later in one’s life. Considering the fact that there is the rise in the number of dental problems in school going children, the present study was undertaken to find out the oral hygienic practices among school going children and assess their oral health status. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out in 150 school children from two schools near medical area Jabalpur (75 from each school)between the age group of 10-15 years. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for applied statistical tests. Results: The present study showed that only 34 % children had habit of brushing both time morning and at night before going to bed. Only 22% of children used correct brushing technique. Most common malpractice among children was eating chalk 12%. Regarding oral health status of school children dental caries 54.7% followed by dental cavities (52.7%) were most common problems found. Conclusions: Oral hygienic practices were poor needs educational motivation regarding duration of brushing, appropriate way to brush the teeth, and use of mouthwash.

Implementation of Oral Health Education to Orphan Children.

To determine the knowledge and oral hygiene status of orphanage children in Pune and changes in them after health education. Interventional study. Centers for Orphan Children in Pune, India, from April to June 2014. A specially designed questionnaire was used to assess the dental problems and existing oral hygiene maintenance practice among children between 5 - 12 years of age (n=100) in an orphanage center. Pre- and postinterventional intra-oral examination was carried out to check their oral hygiene status which included DMFS [Decayed Missing Filled Tooth Surfaces index (for permanent teeth)], OHIS (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) and gingival indices. Intervention was in the form of oral health education, demonstration of correct brushing technique, diet counselling and maintenance of overall oral hygiene. Present study shows that the orphans had multiple dental problems along with improper oral hygiene practices and careless attitude towards oral health. Pre- and post-interventional DMFS was compared using Wilcoxon sign rank test, which was not significant; while OHIS and gingival indices were compared by using repeat measures ANOVA(p < 0.001) which was significant for each, respectively. There was considerable improvement in the oral hygiene status of orphans due to educational intervention. Oral health education at right age can help to cultivate healthy oral hygiene practices in orphans which will benefit them for lifelong. Caretakers should be educated and trained about oral hygiene practices so that they can implement it and supervise the orphan children.

Oral Hygiene Practice Among Patients Visiting Terna Dental College

ABSTRACT Aim To assess the knowledge, attitude and awareness related to oral health and associated habits among the patients visiting Terna Dental College (Mumbai). Methodology A cross sectional survey was done among 218 randomly selected patients. The survey captured the demographics, oral hygiene practice, tobacco habits of all the participants. Results Most of the participants use toothbrush and toothpaste. 10% of the patients still use mishri. The knowledge about the correct brushing technique and frequency of changing the brush was poor. 76% of the participants accessed the dental health care only if there is pain. The awareness about the harmful effect of passive smoking and the tobacco control laws was very poor. Conclusion Overall the knowledge, attitude and practices of participants living in this area are not very good. There needs to be a strong, effective oral health promotion campaigns’ targeting all the population and the very high risk groups.

A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing in Children Contributors

Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of three different ‘methods of teaching’ tooth brushing in young children and the effect of reinforcement on the learning skills of the child. Material and Methods: 60 children (7-9 years) were equally divided into 3 groups (Group I: Audio visual; Group II: individual instruction on cast; Group III-child as a model) based on the ‘method of teaching’ the tooth brushing to be used. Each group was further divided equally into reinforcer and non reinforcer sub groups according to the reinforcement schedule. After teaching the correct brushing technique, the oral hygiene status of the children was evaluated using modified plaque index. The correct brushing technique was re-taught to the children and the plaque scores were re-evaluated after one week in the reinforcer and nonreinforcer groups. The data was statistically analyzed utilizing the two ways ANOVA and Post Hoc-Bonferroni Multiple comparison test. Results: Maximum drop in post teaching plaque scores was seen in Group II (individual instruction on cast) and the least drop in plaque scores was observed in Group III (child as a model) . The percentage decrease in the post teaching plaque scores even confirmed Group II to be the most efficacious method with a drop in plaque scores to 48.6%. Also reinforcing the brushing instructions again after few days resulted in better reduction of plaque scores. Conclusion: Individual cast instruction group was most effective method for teaching brushing method when compared to other groups. It was further

Oral health behaviour among adolescents in Kerala, India

Background: Oral health behaviour is essential for planning &amp; evaluation of oral health promotionprogrammes. This study was conducted to assess the oral health behaviour among adolescents agedbetween 11 to 19 years in Kannur district, Kerala state in India, including their inter-dental cleaning habits.Methods: 512 school children aged 11 to 1 9 years, studying from 6th to 12th standards formed the studysubjects.Results: 52.5% were females and remaining were males. 40.8% were Hindus. Brushing of teeth twice dailywas practiced by 75% of students. A significant association was found between the correct brushingtechnique and male gender as well as students in upper primary school compared to high school and highersecondary school education level. The prevalence of inter-dental cleaning habit was observed to be 58%.76.3% of males and 58.9% of females used coconut leaf toothpicks for inter-dental cleaning. Multivariateanalysis revealed age, religion and positive attitude towards inter-dental cleaning as significant factorsassociated with the practice of inter-dental cleaning.Conclusions: There was a statistically significant association between gender, age, class of study andrecommended method of tooth brushing. More than half of the study subjects practiced inter-dental cleaningand the materials used were locally and easily available those are not recommended by oral healthprofessionals. Multivariate analysis shows age, religion and attitude were the factors significantly associatedwith regular practice of inter-dental cleaning. Oral health professionals can plan, propose and implementschool oral health promotion activities as part of building up oral health promoting school.

Do smokers benefit from dental hygiene oral prophylaxis? A Nigerian pilot study

Smoking is a major, preventable risk factor for periodontitis. This pilot study in Nigeria evaluated the effect of dental oral prophylaxis on oral hygiene and periodontal indices among 13 systemically healthy smokers and 8 non-smokers. All participants received full-mouth scaling and root planing, tooth polishing, demonstration of correct brushing technique and a new toothbrush and toothpaste. After 6 months, debris index, calculus index, oral hygiene index and community periodontal index of treatment needs status code 0 scores showed no improvement in smokers. There was a 50% improvement of all indices among non-smokers. Smokers showed no benefit from dental oral prophylaxis in this study.

Bleeding index on experimental gingivitis in man (author's transl)

The purpose of this study is to estimate the capacity of the gingival bleeding index (B. I.) to assess the inflammatory condition of the periodontium.Thirteen periodontally healthy students (mean age: 24.1) participated in this study. Prior to the start of the experimental period, a thorough scaling was performed on each subject and a correct brushing technique (mostly scrubbing method) was instructed. After a healthy oral condition, free from the plaque, was established, the subject was asked to refrain from brushing. Items observed were bleeding index, plaque index, crevicular depth and the amount of the gingival crevicular fluid. Care was taken to observe any change of the gingival color. Photographic records were also made on every appointment.The results were as follows:1. A significant correlation was observed between the bleeding index and the amount of the gingival crevicular fluid.2. The plaque index and the amount of the gingival crevicular fluid were also highly correlated.3. Increase of the crevicular depth was observed after the cessation of the plaque control.4. The depth of the mesial and distal sulcus were deeper than those of labial and lingual sulcus.5. The bleeding index measured at the mesial and distal sulcus was higher than the one at the labial and lingual sulcus.It is concluded that the gingival bleeding index is a substantial clue for obtaining the information about the inflammatory condition of the gingiva.