Correct Attribution Research Articles

Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric lupus.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common and frequently associated with a substantial negative impact on health outcomes. The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) remains largely unknown, but a single pathogenic mechanism is unlikely to be responsible for the heterogeneous array of clinical manifestations, and a combination of inflammatory and ischaemic mechanistic pathways have been implicated. Currently, valid and reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of NPSLE are lacking, and differentiating NPSLE from nervous system dysfunction not caused by SLE remains a major challenge for clinicians. However, correct attribution is essential to ensure timely institution of appropriate treatment. In the absence of randomized clinical trials on NPSLE, current treatment strategies are derived from clinical experience with different therapeutic modalities and their efficacy in the management of other manifestations of SLE or of neuropsychiatric disease in non-SLE populations. This Review describes recent advances in the understanding of NPSLE that can inform diagnosis and management, as well as unanswered questions that necessitate further research.

Plants and their uses in dermatological recipes of the Receptarium of Burkhard III von Hallwyl from 16th century Switzerland – Data mining a historical text and preliminary in vitro screening

Ethnopharmacological relevanceHistorical texts on materia medica can be an attractive source of ethnopharmacological information. Various research groups have investigated corresponding resources from Europe and the Mediterranean region, pursuing different objectives. Regardless of the method used, the indexing of textual information and its conversion into data sets useful for further investigations represents a significant challenge. Aim of the studyFirst, this study aims to systematically catalogue pharmaco-botanical information in the Receptarium of Burkhard von Hallwyl (RBH) in order to identify candidate plants in a targeted manner. Secondly, the potential of RBH as a resource for pharmacological investigations will be assessed by means of a preliminary in vitro screening. Materials and methodsWe developed a relational database for the systematic recording of parameters composing the medical recipes contained in the historical text. Focusing on dermatological recipes, we explored the mentioned plants and their uses by drawing on specific literature. The botanical identities (candidate species) suggested in the literature for the historical plant names were rated based on their plausibility of being the correct attribution. The historical uses were interpreted by consulting medical-historical and modern clinical literature. For the subsequent in vitro screening, we selected candidate species used in recipes directed at the treatment of inflammatory or infectious skin disorders and wounds. Plants were collected in Switzerland and their hydroethanolic crude extracts tested for possible cytotoxic effects and for their potential to modulate the release of IL-6 and TNF in PS-stimulated whole blood and PBMCs. ResultsThe historical text analysis points up the challenges associated with the assessment of historical plant names. Often two or more plant species are available as candidates for each of the 161 historical plant names counted in the 200 dermatological recipes in RBH. On the other hand, our method enabled to draw conclusions about the diseases underlying the 56 medical applications mentioned in the text. On this basis, 11 candidate species were selected for in vitro screening, four of which were used in RBH in herbal simple recipes and seven in a herbal compound formulation. None of the extracts tested showed a noteworthy effect on cell viability except for the sample of Sanicula europaea L. Extracts were tested at 50 μg/mL in the whole blood assay, where especially Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. or Solanum nigrum L. showed inhibitory or stimulatory activities. In the PBMC assay, the root of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria revealed a distinct inhibitory effect on IL-6 release (IC50 of 3.6 μg/mL). ConclusionsUsing the example of RBH, this study illustrates a possible ethnopharmacological path from unlocking the historical text and its subsequent analysis, through the selection and collection of plant candidates to their in vitro investigation. Fully documenting our approach to the analysis of historical texts, we hope to contribute to the discussion on solutions for the digital indexing of premodern information on the use of plants or other natural products.

Reproducible and Attributable Materials Science Curation Practices: A Case Study

While small labs produce much of the fundamental experimental research in Material Science and Engineering (MSE), little is known about their data management and sharing practices and the extent to which they promote trust in, and transparency of, the published research. In this research, we conduct a case study of a leading MSE research lab to characterize the limits of current data management and sharing practices concerning reproducibility and attribution. We systematically reconstruct the workflows, underpinning four research projects by combining interviews, document review, and digital forensics. We then apply information graph analysis and computer-assisted retrospective auditing to identify where critical research information is unavailable or at risk. We find that while data management and sharing practices in this leading lab protect against computer and disk failure, they are insufficient to ensure reproducibility or correct attribution of work — especially when a group member withdraws before project completion. We conclude with recommendations for adjustments to MSE data management and sharing practices to promote trustworthiness and transparency by adding lightweight automated file-level auditing and automated data transfer processes.

A Study on the Relationship between Chinese Academic Attribution and Learning Burnout among Chinese Language Learners of International Students in China

This study aims to investigate the specific situation and relationship between academic attribution and learning burnout among 413 international Chinese learners in Hunan University, and to help teachers understand students' psychological activities and negative emotions, so as to use scientific methods to intervene, alleviate students' burnout, cultivate correct attribution methods, and Improve students' self-confidence in learning, improve the teaching quality and efficiency of teachers of Chinese as a foreign language, and promote the all-round development of Chinese learners. In this study, 413 international Chinese learners from Hunan University were analyzed using the SPSS27.0 valid questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and other methods were used to explore the academic attribution and learning burnout of international Chinese learners in Hunan University and the relationship between them, and to understand the differences between them in different demographic variables. The results show that: (1) Individual differences such as gender, country, Chinese language proficiency, study time, and time in China have different levels of effects on academic attribution and learning burnout of Chinese learners; (2) There was a correlation between academic attribution and learning burnout among Chinese learners. (2) Academic attribution of Chinese learners has a significant predictive effect on learning burnout, and luck attribution has the most significant positive predictive effect on learning burnout.

Integration of infographics in higher education: challenges faced by novice creators

In higher education, the popularity of using infographics as teaching and learning tools is increasing. However, their design is a demanding task and the majority of students are inexperienced in creating this form of visual. To help educators integrate tasks of creating infographics more successfully and thus enhance the development of visual literacy in higher education, this study seeks to identify challenges faced by university students while creating infographics for the first time. The study participants were students of Informatics attending the course of Academic and Technical Communication in English. Data sources were their initial drafts of infographics created in small groups during a multi-step project. The results of the content analysis revealed that the most commonly observed challenges were difficulties while applying titles and subtitles, too substantial amount of textual information, inability to put information in a story-like format, inappropriate layout of information, inaccurate spelling, lack of references or absence of their correct attribution and use of unjustified text. Importantly, the study includes lists of attributes and recommendations necessary to design infographics, the appliance of which together with the use of professionally designed templates could result in effective infographics.

Somatic symptom profile in patients with chronic heart failure with and without depressive comorbidity.

Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) frequently suffer from depressive comorbidity. CHF and depressive comorbidity can cause somatic symptoms. The correct attribution of somatic symptoms is important. Thus, we aimed to assess potential differences in somatic symptom severity between CHF patients with and without depressive comorbidity. We evaluated depressive comorbidity using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), somatic symptom severity with the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and sociodemographic and medical variables in 308 CHF outpatients. To compare somatic symptom severity between CHF patients with and without depressive comorbidity, we conducted item-level analyses of covariance. Of the 308 participating patients, 93 (30.3%) met the PHQ-9 criteria for depressive comorbidity. These patients did not differ from those without depressive comorbidity with regard to age, sex, left ventricular function, and multimorbidity. Patients with depressive comorbidity scored significantly higher on ten out of thirteen PHQ-15 items than patients without depressive comorbidity. The largest effect sizes (0.71-0.80) were shown for symptoms of headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations, and the latter three were potentially attributable to heart failure. Among patients with CHF, somatic symptoms are more pronounced in those with depressive comorbidity than those without depressive comorbidity. This finding is especially true for cardiac symptoms independent of CHF severity. The potential interpretation of somatic symptoms as correlates of depressive comorbidity must be recognized in clinical practice.

Detection and evaluation of anthropogenic impacts on natural forest ecosystems from long-term tree-ring observations

Anthropogenic interventions lead to various direct and indirect impacts on natural ecosystems that are often hindered by natural long-term variability, and thus their detection and evaluation remain challenging. Ecological systems are strongly affected by climate variations that typically exhibit long-term correlations capable of imitating or hindering external trends in finite-time observations, thus complicating their detection and correct attribution to either anthropogenic interventions or natural variability. Here we focus on the quantitative assessment of the alterations in the tree-ring width (TRW) of four tree species in response to the changes in the soil water regime following a drainage experiment in a dwarf-shrub type peatland forest. We consider the long-term effects of the intervention, focusing on two characteristic quantities: the durations of clusters when significant discrepancies with relevant controls could be observed in every single consecutive year, and relative trends in the data reflecting long-term, gradual changes in the ecosystem. By extrapolating pre-drainage TRW dynamics and adjusting for recent climate variations using a multivariate model, we simulate surrogate data series that act as additional controls for the post-drainage time period. By comparing the long-term dynamics of the observational TRW data series against both natural and surrogate controls over several decades following the drainage experiment, we evaluate long-term alterations and gradual trends in the tree growth dynamics and reassess the statistical significance of these effects, taking into account long-term correlations in the natural TRW variations. Our results also indicate pronounced alterations in the drought stress response characterized by significant negative trends in the tree growth dynamics following the 2010 heatwave and associated flash drought in the drained area, while no similar effect could be observed in the undrained area, indicating that the increased productivity of the forest ecosystem following the drainage likely comes at the cost of its reduced drought stress resilience.

The history and nomenclatural significance of herbarium collections made by Alexander A. Tatarinow in North China and Mongolia in 1841–1850

AbstractAlexander A. Tatarinow (1817?–1886) made an extensive collection of vascular plants and insects in North China and Mongolia while serving as a physician in the 12th Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing during 1841–1850. Tatarinow's plant collection included about 800 species and became the basis for 70 new species, of which 12 were named after him. The collection was split into three large sets, each labelled in its own way and handled in different times by different people at different institutions, thus obscuring its correct attribution; notable misinterpretations include its misattributions to A. von Bunge and P.E. Kirilov who were attached to the 11th Mission and collected plants near Beijing during 1830–1840. In this study, the history of these three sets and their parts is uncovered, and label samples are provided and commented to allow unambiguous recognition of the sets for correct lectotypification of plant species names based on the material collected by the 11th and 12th Missions.

Naïve T-cell decline is a significant contributor to expression changes in ageing blood.

No clear consensus has emerged from the literature on the gene expression changes that occur in human whole blood with age. In this study we compared whole blood ageing genes from the published literature with data on gene specificity for leukocyte subtypes. Surprisingly we found that highly ranked ageing genes were predominantly expressed by naïve T cells, with limited expression from more common cell types. Highly ranked ageing genes were also more likely to have decreased expression with age. Taken together, it is plausible that much of the observed gene expression changes in whole blood is reflecting the decline in abundance of naïve T cells known to occur with age, rather than changes in transcription rates in common cell types. Correct attribution of the gene expression changes that occur with age is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms.

Exploring the Leiden 'Van Royen herbarium': History and scientific significance of the herbarium specimens of Adriaan (1704–1779) and David van Royen (1727–1799)

The dried plant collection, now known as the 'Van Royen herbarium', was assembled by Adriaan and David van Royen, successive Leiden professors of botany in the period 1729–1799. The significance of this herbarium is partly due to the fact that Linnaeus was able to study Adriaan's collections extensively when he stayed in The Netherlands, such that it must have influenced, to some extent, his subsequent publications, notably Species Plantarum (1753). In this review we track the complex history of the herbarium and follow its physical housing through time. Poor storage conditions in the 18th and 19th centuries may account for the loss of an unknow nnumber of specimens originally in the herbarium. The history of the herbarium of Nicolaas Meerburg, head gardener in the Leiden botanical garden from 1774–1814, where he hadworked from 1752, is closely connected with that of the Van Royens, and is also discussed here. We explore the composition of the'Van Royen herbarium' and document who contributed to it. Altogether 80 plant collectors or original herbarium owners are identified. For example, there is a substantial set of specimens collected by Carl Peter Thunberg in Japan and many specimens from the Cape region of South Africa, which must have been gathered by him during his first stay there. Another largeset is that collected by Johann Gerhard König in Ceylon (now a days SriLanka) and there are many specimens from the collections of Albrecht von Haller and Sébastien Vaillant. The herbarium contains several seed collections used for Joseph Gaertner's De Fructibus (listed in Appendix 4)and also many specimens assembled by Adriaanvan Royen for his Ericetum Africanum project. Last, but not least significant among the rest, there are specimens cut out of a book herbarium owned by Jacob Breyne with plants collected by Carolus Schweiker (or Sweiker) around Montpellier (France) in 1666. Information necessary for the correct attribution of specimens is presented, complete with information enabling attribution of individual specimens to their original owners. Example barcodes of specimens from individual contributors and their handwriting(s)can be found in Appendix 3. Brief details of the life and work of Adriaan and Davidvan Royen is given in Appendices 1 and 2. The significance of the herbarium for the typification of Linnaean and other species names is discussed.

A systematic methodology to assess the identity of plants in historical texts: A case study based on the Byzantine pharmacy text John the Physician's Therapeutics

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIn recent decades, the study of historical texts has attracted research interest, particularly in ethnopharmacology. All studies of the materia medica cited in ancient and medieval texts share a concern, however, as to the reliability of modern identifications of these substances. Previous studies of European or Mediterranean texts relied mostly on authoritative dictionaries or glossaries providing botanical identities for the historical plant names in question. Several identities they suggest, however, are questionable and real possibility of error exists. Aim of the studyThis study aims to develop and document a novel and interdisciplinary methodology providing more objective assessment of the identity of the plants (and minerals) described in these resources. Materials and methodsWe developed an iterative experimental approach, using the 13th century Byzantine recipe text John the Physician's Therapeutics in its Commentary version (JC) as a case study. The methodology has six stages and relies on comparative analyses including statistical evaluation of botanical descriptions and information about medicinal uses drawn from both historical and modern sources. Stages 1–4 create the dataset, stage 5 derives the primary outcomes to be reviewed by experts in stage 6. ResultsUsing Disocorides’ De Materia Medica (DMM) (1st century CE) as the culturally related reference text for the botanical descriptions of the plants cited in JC, allowed us to link the 194 plants used medicinally in JC with 252 plants cited in DMM. Our test sample for subsequent analyses consisted of the 50 JC plant names (corresponding to 61 DMM plants) for which DMM holds rich morphological information, and the 130 candidate species which have been suggested in the literature as potential botanical identities of those 50 JC plant names. Statistical evaluation of the comparative analyses revealed that in the majority of the cases, our method detected the candidate species having a higher likelihood of being the correct attribution from among the pool of suggested candidates. Final assessment and revision provided a list of the challenges associated with applying our methodology more widely and recommendations on how to address these issues. ConclusionsWe offer this multidisciplinary approach to more evidence-based assessment of the identity of plants in historical texts providing a measure of confidence for each suggested identity. Despite the experimental nature of our methodology and its limitations, its application allowed us to draw conclusions about the validity of suggested candidate plants as well as to distinguish between alternative candidates of the same historical plant name. Fully documenting the methodology facilitates its application to historical texts of any kind of cultural or linguistic background.

'Insight' in medical training: what, why, and how?

The term 'insight' is generically defined in English language as the ability to perceive deeper truths about people and situations. In clinical practice, patient insight is known to have important implications in treatment compliance and clinical outcomes, and can be assessed clinically by looking for the presence of illness awareness, correct attribution of symptoms to underlying condition, and acceptance of treatment. In this article, we suggest that cultivating insight is actually a highly important, yet often overlooked, component of medical training, which may explain why some consistently learn well, communicate effectively, and quickly attain clinical competency, while others struggle throughout their clinical training and may even be difficult to remediate. We herein define 'insight' in the context of medical training as having an astute perception of personal cognitive processes, motivations, emotions, and ability (strengths, weaknesses, and limitations) that should drive self-improvement and effective behavioural regulation. We then describe the utility of cultivating 'insight' in medical training through three lenses of (i) promoting self-regulated, lifelong clinical learning, (ii) improving clinical competencies and person-centred care, and (iii) enhancing physician mental health and well-being. In addition, we review educational pedagogies that are helpful to create a medical eco-system that promotes the cultivation of insight among its trainees and practitioners. Finally, we highlight several tell-tale signs of poor insight and discuss psychological and non-psychological interventions that may help those severely lacking in insight to become more amenable to change and remediation.

Effect of chemical treatment on physico-chemical properties of a novel extracted cellulosic Cryptostegia grandiflora fiber ∗ ∗ Some of the images used in figure 1 of this paper were previously published in another work by the same authors, but correct attribution was not provided by the authors in the version of this paper that was originally published.

The increasing global need to achieve sustainability in product development demands the use of biodegradable materials from renewable resources in many engineering applications. Accordingly, various natural fibers were explored as suitable reinforcement in polymer matrixes due to their low density and biodegradability. Hence, in this present work, a novel fiber reinforcement was extracted from the stem of the Cryptostegia grandiflora (CG) plant through a retting process and manual intervention. The extracted Cryptostegia grandiflora fibers (CGFs) were chemically treated using NaOH and silane. Various properties like crystal structure, chemical composition, surface morphology, and thermal degradation were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The increasing cellulose content and the removal of hemicellulose after the chemical treatment indicate the potential for this CG fiber as a better reinforcement element in polymers. The increasing trend of tensile strength was observed for the CG fiber in the following order: silane > NaOH > untreated conditions. Two-stage thermal degradation was observed in all the cases where the maximum thermal degradation was found at the silane-treated CG fibers. Based on their performance, the chemically treated CG fibres can be made into composites and used for structural applications.

Affective evaluation of consciously perceived emotional faces reveals a "correct attribution effect".

The strength of the affective priming effect is influenced by various factors, including the duration of the prime. Surprisingly, short-duration primes that are around the threshold for conscious awareness typically result in stronger effects compared to long-duration primes. The misattribution effect theory suggest that subliminal primes do not provide sufficient cognitive processing time for the affective feeling to be attributed to the prime. Instead, the neutral target being evaluated is credited for the affective experience. In everyday social interactions, we shift our gaze from one face to another, typically contemplating each face for only a few seconds. It is reasonable to assume that no affective priming takes place during such interactions. To investigate whether this is indeed the case, participants were asked to rate the valence of faces displayed one by one. Each face image simultaneously served as both a target (primed by the previous trial) and a prime (for the next trial). Depending on the participant's response time, images were typically displayed for about 1-2 s. As predicted by the misattribution effect theory, neutral targets were not affected by positive affective priming. However, non-neutral targets showed a robust priming effect, with emotional faces being perceived as even more negative or positive when the previously seen face was emotionally congruent. These results suggest that a "correct attribution effect" modulates how we perceive faces, continuously impacting our social interactions. Given the importance of faces in social communication, these findings have wide-ranging implications.

A comprehensive diagnostic approach in suspected neurosarcoidosis

Neurosarcoidosis presents a diagnostic challenge in clinical settings, as it has no pathognomonic symptoms or signs and a wide range of differential diagnoses. The aim of this report is to present the pathological features of our group of patients, obtained through a systematic diagnostic approach. This retrospective cohort study enrolled all adult patients primarily diagnosed with neurosarcoidosis at the neurology department of a tertiary center in Sweden over a period of 30 years, from 1990 to 2021. We identified 90 patients, 54 with possible neurosarcoidosis and 36 with probable neurosarcoidosis. CNS biopsy revealed an alternative diagnosis for 24 patients, who were then excluded. The collected data from medical records included demographic and clinical characteristics, systemic and/or neurological isolated involvement, various laboratory tests, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum analysis, imaging studies (MRI, FDG-PET/CT, and HRCT), nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and pathology reports of central nervous system (CNS), and extra-neural tissue biopsies. Sixty-six patients were included in our cohort. The median age at onset of symptoms was 49 years, with a similar sex distribution. Cranial neuropathies (38%), motor deficit (32%), headache (16%), and pituitary dysfunction (12%) were the most common presenting features. CSF studies were abnormal in 77% of the patients, who showed lymphocytosis (57%), elevated protein (44%), oligoclonal bands (40%), elevated ACE (28%), and raised T lymphocyte CD4+/CD8+ ratios (13%). Strikingly, MRI showed that 17% of the patients presented with isolated pituitary gland lesions. FDG-PET/CT was performed in 22 patients (33%) and confirmed systemic sarcoidosis in 11. Despite our extensive workup, the final classification for our patients only allowed for a definite diagnosis in 14 patients; the remainder were classified as probable (32) or possible (20) neurosarcoidosis. Since 2007, the employment of a structured laboratory and imaging approach and the increasing number of CNS biopsies have facilitated and improved the process of correct attribution in patients with presumptive neurosarcoidosis, especially in patients with isolated neurological lesions. We highlight a higher frequency of pituitary lesions due to neurosarcoidosis than has been classically described. A detailed laboratory diagnostic workup is included.

Large Multicountry Outbreak of Invasive Listeriosis by a Listeria monocytogenes ST394 Clone Linked to Smoked Rainbow Trout, 2020 to 2021.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has revolutionized surveillance of infectious diseases. Disease outbreaks can now be detected with high precision, and correct attribution of infection sources has been improved. Listeriosis, caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, is a foodborne disease with a high case fatality rate and a large proportion of outbreak-related cases. Timely recognition of listeriosis outbreaks and precise allocation of food sources are important to prevent further infections and to promote public health. We report the WGS-based identification of a large multinational listeriosis outbreak with 55 cases that affected Germany, Austria, Denmark, and Switzerland during 2020 and 2021. Clinical isolates formed a highly clonal cluster (called Ny9) based on core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Routine and ad hoc investigations of food samples identified L. monocytogenes isolates from smoked rainbow trout filets from a Danish producer grouping with the Ny9 cluster. Patient interviews confirmed consumption of rainbow trout as the most likely infection source. The Ny9 cluster was caused by a MLST sequence type (ST) ST394 clone belonging to molecular serogroup IIa, forming a distinct clade within molecular serogroup IIa strains. Analysis of the Ny9 genome revealed clpY, dgcB, and recQ inactivating mutations, but phenotypic characterization of several virulence-associated traits of a representative Ny9 isolate showed that the outbreak strain had the same pathogenic potential as other serogroup IIa strains. Our report demonstrates that international food trade can cause multicountry outbreaks that necessitate cross-border outbreak collaboration. It also corroborates the relevance of ready-to-eat smoked fish products as causes for listeriosis. IMPORTANCE Listeriosis is a severe infectious disease in humans and characterized by an exceptionally high case fatality rate. The disease is transmitted through consumption of food contaminated by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Outbreaks of listeriosis often occur but can be recognized and stopped through implementation of whole-genome sequencing-based pathogen surveillance systems. We here describe the detection and management of a large listeriosis outbreak in Germany and three neighboring countries. This outbreak was caused by rainbow trout filet, which was contaminated by a L. monocytogenes clone belonging to sequence type ST394. This work further expands our knowledge on the genetic diversity and transmission routes of an important foodborne pathogen.

Therapy-related Myeloid Neoplasms Following PARP Inhibitors—Letter

Marmouset and colleagues describe an association between certain clinical and laboratory parameters and previous exposure to PARP inhibitors (PARPi; ref. 1). There are however important confounders, perhaps inappropriately correlating therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) to PARPi, that are important to highlight.The authors report a cumulative incidence of t-MN of 3.5% and a 66% increase in t-MN but it was not reported whether the number of patients seen for ovarian cancer have remained the same. Also, patients with ovarian cancer are exposed to platinum agents and taxanes, thus the attribution of t-MN to PARPi is unclear. Because chemotherapies are also associated with secondary malignancies, the evaluation of prior agents is critical for the correct attribution of t-MN to PARPi.The authors compare features of PARPi-exposed patients with t-MN referred to hematology consultation for cytopenia with those who did not develop t-MN. Patients with t-MN had a longer exposure to PARPi, lower platelet levels, and more cytopenias. While the discussion includes the fact that the longer time observed can explain the higher event rate, it can be artificial that thrombocytopenia and cytopenias were associated with t-MN, because these are laboratory manifestations of the disease itself. From a prospective perspective, all cytopenias should be monitored and evaluated, particularly those that are more prolonged.Associations between clinical outcomes and baseline demographic and molecular characteristics need to take into account the historical context of clinical practice. Twenty-four PARPi-naïve patients with t-MN after ovarian cancer diagnosis were identified and compared with 13 patients with post-PARPi t-MN, and the most significant difference was enrichment of BRCA1/2 carriers among those who received PARPi, which likely reflects the fact that initial studies with PARPi were restricted to BRCA1/2 carriers (2). From 69 patients with post-PARPi t-MN were identified from a national database, those treated with olaparib had a more complex karyotypes and worse overall survival compared with other PARPi. All these are confounded by the fact that olaparib's initial approval included heavily pretreated BRCA1/2 carriers while newer agents are used in earlier lines and include BRCA1/2 wild-type patients (3, 4).The OlympiA trial analyzed 1,836 patients with gBRCA1/2m and high-risk early breast cancer. After 3.5 years of median follow-up, the rate of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia was 0.3% with placebo and 0.2% with olaparib (5). Longer follow-up will be necessary to establish or disprove the strength of the link between PARPi and t-MN. Ongoing efforts will be critical to identify clinical, laboratory, and molecular characteristics associated with the risk of t-MN, and to distinguish the effects of PARPi from chemotherapy on hematopoietic stem cells.See the Response, p. 1158F. Batalini reports personal fees from Curio Science, Novartis, Grail, and Daiichi Sankyo outside the submitted work. No disclosures were reported by the other authors.

Путешествие В. С. Голенищева в Египет осенью и зимой 1890–1891 гг. (новый архивный материал)

The publication presents a document preserved at the Archives of Vladimir Golenishchev in Paris (Centre Wladimir Golénischeff, École Pratique des Hautes Études). This is a report about the travel of the outstanding Russian Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev to Egypt that lasted from October 1890 to February 1891. It appears to be a preliminary version of a paper intended for submission to the Zapiski Vostochnogo otdeleniia Imperatorskogo Russkogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva (Memoirs of the Oriental Department of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society). The paper is kept in one file of red cardboard with pencil drafts, sketches and plans made by the Egyptologist during his travel. The report had not been published. It contains evidence about Golenishchev’s acquisitions for his collection (now at the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow; among the other things he purchased the papyri with the famous texts of Wenamun’s Voyage to Byblos and the Onomasticon of Amenemope), about the survey of archaeological monuments (most importantly, at the Kharga Oasis), about his new interpretations (the correct attribution of the so-called Hyksos sphinxes to Amenemhat III of Dynasty XII). Of special interest is the information about Golenishchev’s participation in the official reception in Egypt of the Russian heir apparent Nicholas Alexandrovich (future Emperor Nicholas II) and about some degree of tension between himself and the British officers in the Egyptian service, due to the contemporary confrontation of the Russian and the British Empire in the Great Game in the East.

Measurable residual disease in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Measurable residual disease in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Layer‐wise contribution‐filtered propagation for deep learning‐based fault isolation

AbstractDeep learning is gradually mainstreaming into data‐driven methods, relying on the advantages of extracting complicated nonlinear features. However, the black‐box property makes its decision rules non‐transparent, resulting in difficulty in attribution tasks, which aim to backtrack the contribution of network inputs to the outputs. Fault isolation and localization are techniques for diagnosing the root cause of system failures, which have a consistent objective with attribution for a deep learning‐based fault observer or classifier. Unfortunately, most fault isolation methods are based on shallow learning methods. Also, many attribution algorithms are linear without considering the influence of nonlinear activation functions. The related concerns motivate us to propose a new approach, namely layer‐wise contribution‐filtered propagation (LCP), for deep learning‐based fault isolation. In LCP, reasonable contributions are defined based on the influence of each layer input on maximizing the absolute output activation. A symbolic function is designed to identify neurons with negative contributions, which are then filtered and forbidden to backpropagate to the previous layer. By guiding correct attribution, LCP is available for any nonlinear activation functions and their combinations. It also provides a solution for fault isolation with stacked sample inputs, in which one single variable has several attributions associated with different times. Finally, two chemical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.