Text Corpus Research Articles

UTILIZĂRI ALE PREPOZIȚIILOR LA, DE ȘI DE LA ÎN STRUCTURI DE GENITIV SAU DE DATIV DIN ROMÂNA NONSTANDARD

In the present article the author describes the use of the prepositions la, de, and de la in genitive or dative structures, encountered in the regional varieties of Romanian, emphasizing the frequency of the aforementioned structures and their specific features as shown in the corpus of dialectal texts investigated. The author also illustrates and discusses the different stages of grammaticalization of the preposition la in the expression of the genitive and dative and the connection between the genitive/dative relation and the locative relation.

An introduction to CIABATTA: Increasing accessibility to corpus creation for non-experts

This methodological report introduces CIABATTA (Corpus In A Box: Automated Tools, Tutorials, & Advising), a suite of tools that provides novice corpus compilers with a starting point to develop new corpora. These tools are a distillation of guiding principles and templates for corpus building developed by the Corpus & Repository of Writing (CROW) team during the compilation of the CROW corpus. We start by discussing the best practices and ethical issues that need to be considered when compiling a corpus. We then focus on the steps of corpus data processing, introducing two tools that support corpus building. The first tool, the Corpus Text Processor, is used to convert, encode, and standardize texts in the corpus. The second, the deidentifying tool, replaces identifying information with special annotation tags in corpus files, such as [name] and [place]. Both can be downloaded from the CIABATTA wiki and do not require programming experience. In the final part of this paper, we focus on customizable Python scripts developed for CIABATTA that aid in the processing of metadata. We believe that CIABATTA can aid those without corpus building expertise to build corpora for research purposes, thus expanding the use of corpora to a wider group of researchers.

Dotless Arabic Text for Natural Language Processing

Abstract This article introduces a novel representation of Arabic text as an alternative approach for Arabic NLP, inspired by the dotless script of ancient Arabic. We explored this representation through extensive analysis on various text corpora, differing in size and domain, and tokenized using multiple tokenization techniques. Furthermore, we examined the information density of this representation and compared it with the standard dotted Arabic text using text entropy analysis. Utilizing parallel corpora, we also drew comparisons between Arabic and English text analysis to gain additional insights. Our investigation extended to various upstream and downstream NLP tasks, including language modeling, text classification, sequence labeling, and machine translation, examining the implications of both the representations. Specifically, we performed seven different downstream tasks using various tokenization schemes comparing the standard dotted text with dotless Arabic text representations. Performance using both the representations were comparable across different tokenizations. However, dotless representation achieves these results with significant reduction in vocabulary sizes, and in some scenarios showing reduction of up to 50%. Additionally, we present a system that restores dots to the dotless Arabic text. This system is useful for tasks that require Arabic texts as output.

Biting into the Bitter Reality: A Metaphorical Exploration of Food Disorders

This study investigated the metaphorical representation of eating disorders in a bilingual corpus of blogs. The analysis yielded three common metaphors: ED IS A JOURNEY; ED IS A WAR and ED IS A CONTAINER. Two language-specific metaphors emerged: ED IS A LIVING ENTITY in the Spanish subcorpus and ED IS A BODY in the English subcorpus. The journey and war metaphors demonstrated subtle linguistic nuances, with the Spanish speakers emphasizing the disease’s challenges and the English speakers emphasizing the prospects for recovery. The specific metaphors ED IS A LIVING ENTITY and ED IS A BODY highlighted cultural variations in agency, with the Spanish speakers portraying themselves as passive sufferers and the English speakers viewing themselves as active agents in the recovery process. This cultural divergence aligns with the distinct value orientations of American and Spanish cultures. While the limited text corpus precludes definitive conclusions, the findings align with previous research on conceptual metaphors in ED discourse. Further investigation is warranted to establish the figurative potential of different languages and determine whether either language employs more metaphors in the ED communicative domain.

The Design of a Script Identification Algorithm and Its Application in Constructing a Text Language Identification Dataset

Script identification is easier to implement than language identification, and its identification rate is very high. The fewer languages are identified when using a language identification algorithm, the higher the identification rate is. However, no systematic study on SI involving multiple languages and determining how to construct relevant language identification datasets has been conducted. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss and design a script identification algorithm and the construction of a language identification dataset based on script groups. The data sources in this paper comprise 261 different languages’ text corpora from the Leipzig Corpora Collection, which are grouped into 23 different script groups. In the Unicode encoding scheme, different scripts are arranged into different code regions. Based on this feature, we propose a written script identification algorithm based on regular expression matching, the micro F-score of which reaches 0.9929 in sentence-level script identification experiments. To reduce noise when constructing the language identification dataset for each script, a script identification algorithm is used to filter out other-script content in each text.

Precept vs. usage: Pronominal case forms in late modern English

ABSTRACT The English pronominal system has been the matter of heated debate among grammarians for the last 300 years. This is especially the case of the dichotomy nominative-objective pronoun forms I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; and they/them in a set of linguistic contexts. In present-day English, the phenomenon does not appear to be a matter of correct vs. incorrect language, but one of formal vs. informal language, although a different state of affairs is found in earlier periods of English. Since the eighteenth century, a great concern for language correctness grew, resulting in an upsurge in the publication of grammars as an attempt to regularize the language and ‘enforce a uniformity and conformity to some absolute standard’ (Drake 1977: 1). Usage books, however, reveal a lack of consensus among grammarians on the ‘correct’ use of pronouns, and a look at the evidence demonstrates significant variation on their usage during the late Modern period. The present paper aims to investigate the correlation between prescriptivist norms and actual usage as regards English pronominal forms over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Precepts are studied in view of prescriptive commentary in grammars, whereas quantitative data is retrieved from CLMET3.1 (The corpus of late modern English texts). The purpose of this piece of work is therefore twofold: a) to analyze the historical distribution of pronoun case forms in postverbal position in the period 1710–1920 and b) to evaluate the influence that prescriptive rules may have had upon their actual usage over time. Case variation is thus explored in three different linguistic environments, including the use of pronouns after the linking verb be (e.g. ‘it is I/me’) and after the conjunctions than (e.g. ‘she is taller than I/me’) and as (e.g. ‘she is as tall as I/me’).

A Research on Defects and Improvements to Multi-Armed Slots

In recent years, various large language models have sprung up, which are constantly being trained and updated. Most of the time, these models can provide answers more accurately. However, in some specific cases, the answers generated by training on a large corpus of non-emotion text may not be correct. This paper proposes a feasible method to reduce the sum of squares as much as possible so that the fitting function is closer to the true value. By adding the concept of emotion to deep learning, combined with the fusion model of multi-layer linear regression and neural network learning, it was found that adding emotion is more helpful to the language model through multiple trainings, so that the "arm" pulled by the AI each time gets a larger expectation than the original, which significantly improves the reliability and provides a new idea and direction for the problem in this direction.

Between paternalism and colonialism: Czechs and Slovaks from the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century

The study focuses on the postcolonial analysis of the development of mutual Czech-Slovak relations from the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The core of the analysis are specific literary representations of these mutual relationships based on the textual corpus of Czech and Slovak literature. In the broader public discourse of Central European literature, Czech-Slovak relations are only rarely analysed using postcolonial criticism. In the field of literary science, this is an unexplored area of Czech-Slovak relations. The contribution therefore seeks to complement postcolonial research on the material of Czech and Slovak non-fiction texts, as well as neglected novels. It focuses on the postcolonial analysis of literary representations of mutual Czech-Slovak relations, which developed between paternalism and colonialism in the observed period. The critical reading of these literary representations is based on the description of power relations identifiable through more or less conspicuous features of superiority and subordination, which are relevant to interpret through postcolonial theories. The author of the paper is aware of the specifics and differences of power relations between small cultures in the Central European area compared to the analysis of relations between a large empire and a politically subordinate colonial culture. For this reason, he expands the repertoire of terminology from postcolonial criticism (Homi H. Bhabha and Edward W. Said) and uses not only the basic terms colonialism and Orientalism, but also other terms to define the diverse scale of the power relationship of the Czechs to Slovak culture, e.g. paternalism (to introduce the Czech figure of the elder brother), pre-colonialism (to introduce the Czech figure of the savior) and anticolonialism (to introduce the Czech figure of the Slovaks as victims). Using postcolonial terminology, the study approaches specific literary figures that have become part of Czech thinking about Slovak culture. The situation of Slovak culture in the observed period can be interpreted through Kiossev’s metaphor of self-colonization, which reflects the positive reception of the cultural and educational mission of the Czechs in Slovakia. The used corpus of texts from Czech and Slovak literature and its analysis served as a starting point for understanding cultural stereotypes and literary representations of nascent national identities. Czech colonialism developed in the political, cultural and linguistic framework, first as a recognition of Slovakia by Czech slovakophiles, after 1918 it was already part of the discussion in the public space. All these period attitudes of the Czechs towards Slovakia were prescribed in literary texts of a fictional and non-fictional nature and as part of the Czech cultural memory they filled the Czech cultural myth about Slovakia.

A Comparative Study of Subordinate Conjunctions in Azerbaijani and English: A Typological Perspective

This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of subordinate conjunctions in Azerbaijani and English, examining their syntactic structures, semantic functions, and frequency of usage. Drawing from a diverse corpus of literary, academic, and spoken texts, the research reveals significant typological differences between the two languages. Azerbaijani, with its agglutinative and head-final structure, uses flexible clause positioning and morphological markers, whereas English adheres to a fixed, head-initial clause arrangement. The semantic analysis categorizes conjunctions into causal, conditional, temporal, and adversative types, highlighting unique patterns and preferences in each language. Additionally, frequency analysis shows a higher density of conditional conjunctions in Azerbaijani, reflecting cultural emphasis on hypothetical relationships. These findings have important implications for translation, language teaching, and linguistic theory, offering practical tools and insights for both academic and applied linguistics. The study also identifies limitations, such as the focus on written texts, and suggests directions for future research, including analysis of spoken language and digital communication.

Exploring the Features and Trends of Industrial Product E-Commerce in China Using Text-Mining Approaches

Industrial product e-commerce refers to the specific application of the e-commerce concept in industrial product transactions. It enables industrial enterprises to conduct transactions via Internet platforms and reduce circulation and operating costs. Industrial literature, such as policies, reports, and standards related to industrial product e-commerce, contains much crucial information. Through a systematical analysis of this information, we can explore and comprehend the development characteristics and trends of industrial product e-commerce. To this end, 18 policy documents, 10 industrial reports, and five standards are analyzed by employing text-mining methods. Firstly, natural language processing (NLP) technology is utilized to pre-process the text data related to industrial product commerce. Then, word frequency statistics and TF-IDF keyword extraction are performed, and the word frequency statistics are visually represented. Subsequently, the feature set is obtained by combining these processes with the manual screening method. The original text corpus is used as the training set by employing the skip-gram model in Word2Vec, and the feature words are transformed into word vectors in the multi-dimensional space. The K-means algorithm is used to cluster the feature words into groups. The latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) method is then utilized to further group and discover the features. The text-mining results provide evidence for the development characteristics and trends of industrial product e-commerce in China.

SEMANTICS AND MEANING OF TERMS WITH THE COMPONENT ’RED’

The article provides an analysis of the results of a study on the semantics and meanings of terms with the component red in modern Bulgarian. The language material on which basis the study was carried out is an electronic corpus of Bulgarian language texts compiled from publicly available internet sources. Statistical approaches to search for concordances and collocations available through the Sketch Engine lexicographic software were used to discover the terms in the corpus, and the order in the search procedures (algorithm) was previously tested in other cited studies. The theoretical approach of the study involves tracing the semantics and meanings of terms for the color red and terms with the component red using both traditional approaches such as the theory of nomination (by detection of the main semantic component), and modern theories, such as the theory of prototypes (by evaluation of color’s prototypes) in the analysis of the semantics of these terms. Results and examples of high-frequency contextual corpus usages of red are provided to analyze the terms’ semantics and meanings both as a color term and terms with other (non-color) meanings (prototypes and terms of the basic features of the prototypes), and related conclusions on semantics and meanings of these terms are provided. The color component of the terms at issue is interpreted in the context of a broader understanding of color (such as macro-color), in its transition to other colors, and it is also noted that those terms relate to similar terms with a color component, for example white, establishing a semantic relation through the macro-color component.

Эпистемологический статус харизмы в исторической макросоциологии

The uncertain epistemological status of charisma is largely due to its polysemy and polymorphism. Max Weber thematizes it in a variety of contexts and meanings — distinguishing between magical, religious charisma and the charisma of reason, highlighting the trajectories of routinization and objectification of charisma, typologizing different types of prophecies. In turn, the multiple (re)actualizations of this “brilliant concept” [Rose] as reinforcements of their own theories in the form of varieties of symbolic capital, resonance, the everyday, the re-personalized, or the risky charisma lead to either semantic compression or the blurring of meaning, both within sociological theory and in interdisciplinary discourse. To define the scientific content of charisma, the authors propose to thematize it in historical macrosociology. The key question is addressed to the interdisciplinary connections in Weber's intellectual heritage — is the category “charisma” attributable to Weber the historian or Weber the sociologist? The clarification of the epistemological status of charisma, expressed in its dual character (phenomenon vs. ideal type), becomes possible thanks to the discussion of a corpus of the classic texts by two prominent German Weberologists - W. Schlüchter and F. Tenbruck. In its turn, the reconstruction and systematization of approaches of Weberian historical macrosociology allows us to clarify the boundaries and possibilities of the category's application. Thus, the evolutionary-theoretical perspective defines the heuristic potential of charisma in terms of reflecting the dynamics of cultural and value orientations in the process of emergence and consolidation of social order and institutional structures. The comparative-historical approach, in turn, defines the relationship between the analytical and empirical levels of Weber's sociology through the “immersion” of an ideal-typical construct in a real historical narrative. In this way, historical macrosociology overcomes the most valid criticisms (S. Turner) of the category's failure, heterogeneity, and its residual character.

Adoption of Life Cycle Thinking: Impact-driven comparative assessment of Japanese construction corporations’ trends in practices

Although life cycle thinking offers a well-founded set of concepts, methods, and tools for organizational contexts, only little is known about its relevance in the construction sector. In this sector, construction corporations are key players. In this work, a novel impact-driven method to assess the adoption of life cycle thinking by construction corporations is introduced. Japan, as a high-income country with a relatively long history of environmental policies informed by material flow analysis, is chosen as the context. Five Japanese construction corporations and respective reporting are used as case studies. Trends in environmental impacts over time of the case study corporations are assessed using two indicators: resource and carbon productivity. In comparison, an automated text corpus analysis workflow is presented to explore the corporate report’s life cycle thinking-related content in a meaningful way. Comparing the period of 2014–2018 and 2019–2023, an overall relative increase in framework adoptions (77%) and their integration in corporate categories (85%) in corporate reports indicates its increased procedural relevance among Japanese construction contractors. Findings show how the carbon indicator is embedded in various frameworks and, for instance, reveal an increased relevance of Scope 3 emissions as a framework on a low level. However, Scope 3 is also utilized as a performance indicator. To this end, considerable temporal differences in adoption practices are observed. Finally, a potentially effective corporate adoption model is identified through the comparative research design. The proposed method can be applied to other construction corporations and regional contexts.

Dystopian Visions and the Making of Privacy Law

This article explores the role of references to dystopian literature in the context of developing privacy laws. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of a large corpus of legislative and judicial texts from Germany and the United Kingdom, I demonstrate that references to popular dystopian works of fiction like Orwell’s 1984 have animated and shaped the legal recognition of privacy. Specifically, dystopian visions are evoked as reasons that warrant the legal protection of privacy rights. I explore lawmakers’ vision of a technologically empowered totalitarian state and discuss how these connect to historical, contemporary, and hypothetical examples of unjust regimes. I argue that literary imaginations of dystopia are often themselves built on historical experience, suggesting that the aptness for social critique is, as literary critics suggest, built into dystopia as a genre. I furthermore explore how the theme of democracy is employed as a counterpoint to fears of dystopian totalitarianism. Portraying privacy invasions as harmful to democratic ideals discursively amplifies their dangerousness—and thereby works to justify regulatory intervention. My research findings prompt us to view legal norms as a cultural artifact that reflect cultural imagination and literary narratives.

Research on Intelligent Mining Algorithm of English Translation Text Big Data Based on Deep Learning

This paper explores the translation of English texts by a deep learning algorithm, which aims to intelligently extract relevant records from a large corpus of English-translated texts, especially its shortcomings in processing difficult texts and dealing with long-term dependencies. This research integrates the modern long short-term memory (LSTM) network framework, with the aim of improving the accuracy and processing efficiency of the translation. Using a large number of experimental facts, these LSTM models are comprehensively learned and rigorously optimized. The traditional approach is to adapt the style to the language-specific properties of the translated text, and then use a bunch of evaluation metrics to evaluate the overall performance of the model across a large number of text types. The results of this study show that the method significantly speeds up the extraction and processing of information while maintaining the integrity at the translation level. In addition, the study reveals deep learning models’ ability to recognize complex contextual nuances and subtle formulations of language expression. The results of this research are multifaceted, bringing great improvements to device translation structures and facilitating the development of state-of-the-art text content analysis tools. These advances apply primarily to sectors of considerable statistical volume and complexity, including the criminal, scientific, and technological fields. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for future exploration of improving device understanding of language and automation of translation methods in various professional fields.

Konfiks Derivasi Per-/-an dalam Debat Capres-Cawapres Tahun 2024: Metode Linguistik Korpus

This research aimed to discuss the “per-/-an” confix which has undergone derivation in Indonesian. This research used the presidential and vice presidential candidate debate script number 01 as the research object studied. This research used a qualitative corpus linguistics approach. The corpus linguistic approach used in this research utilized the KORTARA (Korpus Nusantara) corpus linguistic application. The KORTARA corpus linguistic application (Korpus Nusantara) is an application that can help to collect, process and analyze linguistic data digitally. Data collection in this research utilized the affix word search feature to find specific data containing affixes. The affix word search feature was lasted by accessing the corpus menu in the KORTARA (Korpus Nusantara) application, then selecting the 2024 presidential-cawapres debate script as the object for research. Based on the research that has been carried out, 56 data were obtained on the use of the derivation confix per-/-an in the corpus of the 01 Presidential-Cawapres debate texts in 2024. The results of this research can have implications in the scientific field of morphology related to the principles of derivational development in Indonesian.

Research Topics and Trends in Gifted Education: A Structural Topic Model

Many articles have been published in gifted education in recent years. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of academic studies in gifted education. In this context, the structural topic modeling (STM) method was used to analyze the topics and trends in the field. STM is a machine learning technique that utilizes natural language processing techniques based on text mining. It is a valuable methodology for identifying a text corpus’s main topics and trends. The corpus used in this study is 5,127 articles from nine leading journals in giftedness without any year limitations. As a result of the analysis, five topics that prominently emerged in the literature were discovered. These are curriculum and instruction, social-emotional characteristics, thinking skills, identification and assessment tools, and equity and policies. The research topics and trends discovered due to the analysis are discussed within the literature framework, and recommendations are presented.

The anthropomorphic pursuit of AI-generated journalistic texts: limits to expressing subjectivity

Many newsrooms around the world are increasingly turning to artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to generate journalistic content. Often, these machine-generated texts are distributed without being clearly identified as synthetic or hybrid. Since the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022, the tool’s extraordinary ability to mimic human language has been widely celebrated. Given that subjectivity is an integral part of human language, this study examines how different texts generated using AI tools are imbued with subjective features in order to anthropomorphize their linguistic content. Our aim is to gain insight into the ways in which these texts express subjectivity in order to appear anthropomorphic, as well as the limits of this expression and its implications for communication. To this end, a corpus of AI-generated journalistic texts published in various media, as well as texts created using AI tools such as ChatGPT and Gemini, is analysed to assess these tools’ capabilities. Ten criteria are used to characterize the expression of subjectivity in journalistic discourse on the surface of texts and in terms of situational appropriateness. The results show that AI tools can incorporate subjective markers on the text surface, but have important limitations when it comes to situational appropriateness, making it difficult to imitate certain features of journalistic writing. The paper also discusses the implications of asymmetrical audience interaction with machines that simulate human characteristics, and the varying degrees of opacity and transparency with which AI is used in newsrooms.

Using ChatGPT and determinologisation to enhance understanding of lung cancer information

Abstract Lung cancer is associated to high mortality rates and has a large impact on the quality of life of patients and families, who therefore need suitable information to deal with the situation. However, information provided by health services is often not adapted to lay users and retains a considerable number of technicalities that impair comprehensibility. Accessibility, a concept receiving increasing attention, not only involves physical access but also understanding relevant information when it comes to the medical setting. One of the main intralingual translation procedures used to adapt specialised text is determinologisation, which comprises strategies like using common-speech synonyms, explanations, examples, etc. Recent artificial intelligence generative models offer a promising tool to produce texts at different specialisation levels. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of ChatGPT for determinologisation of terms extracted from a corpus of patient-oriented lung-cancer texts and compared the results with reliable patient-oriented online sources. ChatGPT produced definitions and context information similar to those of the online sources in a very short amount of time. However, both the choice of suitable input prompts and the post-edition process necessary to produce quality final texts on lung-cancer information still required the supervision of human experts.

Textual studies of the era of big data and neural networks

This article analyses the emergence of new technologies for working with big data which can be highly helpful to philologists, studying the diachronic development. First of all, that applies to the study and publication of Old Russian manuscripts with traditional liturgical texts used for church service. These manuscripts existed in a huge number of folios, and in the process of copying were subjected to considerable textual unification. That makes it very difficult to study them by the laborious methods of traditional textual criticism. Now, when the full text of the monuments can be automatically processed, the creation of the Linguistic intellectual environment (LIE) has been lounged. This tool will provide new opportunities for the study of Slavonic liturgical texts from different historical periods. As a result, we will create a corpus of liturgical texts of the 11th–17th centuries, obtained using a program for automatic text recognition of manuscripts, with annotation und search module. The user of the LIE will be able to receive a complete list of variant readings for each fragment of a liturgical book of the widest range of manuscripts. In fact, we are talking of a new type of publication of traditional liturgical texts, when the user can set the parameters for the edition in accordance with his research interests.