Corpus Adiposum Research Articles

Near-infrared AIEgens for lipid droplets imaging in corpus adiposum or trachea of Locusta migratoria and its application in photodynamic therapy

To recognize the lipid droplets (LDs) on the surface of trachea and realize the visualization of trachea, three TPA-based red/NIR fluorophores with high electron donor-acceptor (D-A) strength were designed and synthesized. These molecules showed donor-donor-π-acceptor (D1-D2-π-A) structure with the character of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). The photophysical experiment displayed that they had aggregation-induced emission (AIE) performance with red/NIR fluorescence. These AIEgens showed high sensitivity to LDs in living PC12 cells and excised corpus adiposum of Locusta migratoria. The visualization of the trachea is realized due to the large number of LDs distributed on the surface. Also, such compounds can effectively produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the irradiation of white light, demonstrating the potential photodynamic therapy (PDT) application on cancer cells. Moreover, the simulated experiment of ROS transferring from LDs simulator (trioctanoin) to cytoplasmic matrix (PBS) was carried out.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mice with ocular toxocariasis.

In ocular toxocariasis, Toxocara canis-induced inflammatory reaction can lead to eye destruction and granuloma, which is formed by immune cell infiltration and concurrent extensive remodeling tissue. Herein, the histomorphology of granuloma and proteinase production in the eye of T. canis-infected BALB/c mice were investigated. Pathological effects substantially increased after the infection culminated in a severe leukocyte infiltration and granuloma formation from days 4 to 56 post-inoculation. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities remarkably increased, compared with those of uninfected control, by gelatin zymography and Western blot analysis in ocular toxocariasis. Granuloma formation had a remarkably positive correlation with MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. We suggested that T. canis larvae and leukocytes infiltrated from blood vessel both migrated into corpus adiposum orbitae. Activated leukocytes secreted MMP-2 and MMP-9, leading to fibronectin degradation. The imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 may play a role in inflammatory cell infiltration and extracellular matrix degradation, forming granuloma, in ophthalmological pathogenesis of T. canis infection.

Massa adiposa ligamenti falciformis or anterior abdominal fat pad — Its dimension and relation to body weight

The anterior abdominal fat pad is associated with the falciform ligament in the upper middle/right abdomen and is frequently seen there in diagnostic imaging. It varies greatly in size and has often been described as an incidental finding in adults and has hitherto rarely been regarded as being illness-relevant. The aim of this study has been to assess whether the dimension of the corpus adiposum may be associated with body mass index. Ultrasound findings of 26 patients from birth until adolescence were analyzed for this purpose. In addition, an example from a recent dissection course has been included. The structure is constantly found with its smallest dimension in newborns, with a slight increase in infancy. The average dimensions were 7.6 by 3.5 by 0.7cm. The cubic volume correlated with age, weight and body mass index, whereas the latter association was strongest. Our data suggest that routinely determined dimension of falciform fat may be a surrogate parameter of relative body weight in childhood.

Ultrastructural observations of Beauveria bassiana infection in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae

AbstractIn the present study we investigated the infection process of Beauveria bassiana on Xylotrechus rusticus larvae using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM results showed that B. bassiana spores germinated on the surface of the larval body and invaded the larva as an appressorium. The hyphae then germinated from the spores and spread throughout the larval body. After the death of the larva, conidiophores formed at one end of the hypha on the surface of the larval body and prepared for a new round of infection. The TEM results showed severe damage to the larval cuticle after hyphae infection. The structure of the cuticle became thinner and eventually flocculent; muscle tissues were dissociated and eventually stuck to the hyphae, and the corpus adiposum was loose and deformed, and eventually degraded.

V1559 LAPAROSCOPIC ROBOT-ASSISTED PYELOLITHOTOMY IN EMPHYSEMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an acute severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and its surrounding tissues that results in the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. The cause for mortality in emphysematous pyelonephritis is primarily due to septic complications. Up to 95% of the cases with emphysematous pyelonephritis have underlying uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. A 59 year old female patient presented in our clinic with symptoms of a right pyelonephritis and a history of recurring pyelonephritis and severe sepsis. The computer tomography showed an emphysematic pyelonephritis with an amorphous stone in the right renal pelvis and multiple calculi in the calyces. An exigent ureteral stent was inserted. Proteus mirabilis was demonstrated in the urine culture. Because of the persistent infection with gas formation we decided upon a laparoscopic, robot-assisted pyelolithotomy. This video demonstrates the technique of transperitoneal laparoscopic robot-assisted pyelolithotomy in emphysematous pyelonephritis. METHODS: A transperitoneal access was established and four working trocars and a camera trocar were inserted. After mobilisation of the descending colon, the right colonic flexure und the duodenum as well as identification of the vena cava, the right ureter was identified and the kidney surface denuded. Following its identification the uretero-pyelon junction is incised longitudinally. Now white necrotic masses are to be seen. These are removed piece for piece with the bipolar forceps until, with rinsing and suction the renal pelvis is completely cleared. The existing ureteral stent is removed via the pelvic incision and a new French 7 stent is inserted antegrade into the ureter. The renal pelvis is closed with 3-0 continuous sutures and the corpus adiposum of the renal sinus is re-adapted. A French 6 wound drain is positioned. RESULTS: No results to this instructional video. CONCLUSIONS: The histology shows partially calcified amorphous material imbebbed with coccoand rod-bacteria. The operation was uneventful and the patient could be released on post-op day 8. Four weeks after the procedure the patient was complicationand infection-free so that the ureteral stent could be removed. The laparoscopic, robot-assisted pyelolithotomy is an effective and minimal invasive therapy option for emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Regional Anesthesia and Eye Surgery

Regional Anesthesia and Eye Surgery

Das Corpus adiposum praesymphysiale: The praesymphyseal corpus adiposum

In 35 male and 48 female cadavers always a "corpus adiposum praesymphysiale" was identified. By means of macroscopic preparations and plastinated crossections of human bodies in the regions of the mons pubis a flat flat-pad (corpus adiposum), covered by connective tissue, was found, which can be demarcated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue. This fat-pad shows a butterfly-like shape and in the male extends partially onto the funiculus spermaticus, while in the female reaches down to the labia majora. Cross and longitudinal diameters and the thickness of the praesymphyseal corpus adiposum were determined.

Histological observation on the structural feature and blood supply of corpus adiposum baccae

Grafting utilizing corpus adiposum buccae is frequently performed to reconstruct defects in the oral region, and it is known that transplantation that uses corpus adiposum buccae obtains an excellent histological result. Observation was done aiming to clarify the macroscopic and microscopic features of corpus adiposum buccae, using 23 sides of Japanese adult cadavers, and the results were as follows: 1) It was found that there were autonomic ganglia-like structures, composed of nervous cells, in corpus adiposum buccae. 2) Corpus adiposum buccae had a blood circulating system that promoted excellent adaptation and histodifferentiation in the transplanted region. 3) It seemed that corpus adiposum buccae had structural features of a blood circulatory system and interlobular connective tissue that enabled avoidance of graft damage when corpus adiposum buccae was transplanted.

The buccal pad of fat: A review

Within the cheek, wedged between masseter and buccinator, is a biconvex pad of fatty tissue, the corpus adiposum buccae, or buccal fat pad (of Bichat). It contributes significantly to the prominence of the cheek of the newborn infant and is sometimes encountered in surgical procedures in the region of the ramus of the mandible or the maxillary tuberosity. This paper reviews the history of the study of the buccal pad of fat, its anatomical location, blood supply, and comparative anatomy. We have also reviewed the pathology of the buccal pad of fat, including traumatic herniation. The fat pad is of interest surgically as it can be used as a free or pedicled graft to close maxillary defects after excision of tumors.

Resection and augmentation of Bichat's fat pad in facial contouring

The Bichat's fat pad (Corpus adiposum buccae) is of great significance in facial contouring. Resection of major parts of this fat pad results in hollow cheeks and in accentuation of the zygoma. On the other hand, hypoplasia or shrinkage of this fat pad can be augmented by means of silicone implants for improved aesthetic results.

Klinische Anatomie der Fettkörper am Unterarm und an der Hohlhand

In the hand the space between the deep flexor tendons and the interosseous fascia is named the midpalmar space, spatium palmare medianum. A fat body, Corpus adiposum palmare profundum, can be found there regularly. Despite the anatomical narrowness in this region, it reaches up into the carpal canal. Also in the deep forearm space there is always a fat body, Corpus adiposum profundum antebrachii, located dorsally to the deep flexor tendons, lying on the palmar fascia of the pronator quadratus muscle. Usually it is not connected to the Corpus adiposum palmare profundum. The regular occurrence of both fat bodies indicates their functional importance. It is to be supposed that they serve as a gliding layer for the deep flexor tendons. Especially the Corpus adiposum palmare profundum may provide an essential protecting function to the dorsally located deep branch of the ulnar nerve and deep palmar arch. In contrast there is a higher risk of mechanical irritation and compression of the deep branches of the ulnar nerve and artery during their more proximal course through the opponens muscle of the little finger ("opponens-canal") and the ulnar marginal septum. Characteristic features of dimensions and location of the Corpus adiposum profundum antebrachii and the Corpus adiposum palmare profundum and of the deep branches of the ulnar nerve and artery are described. The clinical relevance is discussed.

First Description of Mechanoreceptors in the Corpus Adiposum infrapatellare of Man

The sensory innervation of the corpus adiposum infrapatellare of the human knee joint was studied by light microscopy. Small lamellated corpuscles (pacinian corpuscles) were found in the adipose tissue of the corpus adiposum infrapatellare. The lamellated corpuscles measured about 20 microns and consisted of 3-4 lamellae. It is discussed whether the corpus adiposum infrapatellare might perform a sensory function, influencing the muscle tone via polysynaptic reflexes.

On the corpus adiposum buccae (Bichat) in Pan troglodytes.

A brief gross anatomical description of the corpus adiposum buccae in an adult male Pan troglodytes is given. It is very similar to the correspondent body of adipose tissue in man. The occurrence of Bichat’s body in infant and newborn gorillas and in Papio hamadryas is reported.