Corporate Security Research Articles

Advancements in Digital Forensics: A Quantitative Analysis of Cell Tower Triangulation Techniques

This study delves into the accuracy and reliability of Cell Tower Triangulation (CTT) in digital forensics, employing a diverse sample of mobile devices across various real-world scenarios—criminal investigations, missing persons, and corporate security breaches. By simulating these situations, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of CTT’s effectiveness in urban and rural settings. Data was meticulously collected on signal strength, tower locations, and timestamps, and analyzed using statistical methods to assess CTT accuracy and reliability. Findings from descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, precision metrics, and correlation analyses reveal significant insights into CTT’s application in digital forensics. Despite certain limitations in precision, indicated by the variability in virtual triangle sizes, the study underscores the potential of CTT in supporting investigations while also highlighting the importance of ethical considerations and legal compliance. This research contributes to the advancement of digital forensics, offering a nuanced understanding of CTT’s capabilities and limitations.

Corporate Security as Subject to Management: Cause-and-Effect Relations in Arising and Development

Corporate Security as Subject to Management: Cause-and-Effect Relations in Arising and Development

Can existing corporate finance theories explain security offerings during the COVID-19 pandemic?

We document substantial increases in corporate security offerings during the COVID pandemic. While the increase in seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) can be attributed to shifts in macroeconomic conditions, increases in convertible and straight bond offerings cannot be explained by standard security choice determinants. We furthermore find that COVID-period SEO announcements are often contaminated with Research and Development (R&D)-related news, with the SEO proceeds more likely to be hoarded as cash. Overall, COVID-period SEOs align with market timing behavior, but the increase in COVID-period convertibles and straight bonds cannot be reconciled with pre-pandemic corporate financing rationales or government interventions. We furthermore demonstrate that the COVID pandemic differs substantially from the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in terms of security offering choices and announcement returns.

Aspects of the Developing Process Organization and Handling Changes in the Automotive Industry − Enhancing Risks and Safety Principles

Abstract The relationship between the basic elements of the enterprise (5M) is again worth focusing on, as the scarcity of resources (tangible and intangible) is increasing and the management of these resources within the walls of companies is becoming more and more acute. In this context, the issue of security permeates our daily lives, not only in the corporate world. The question is: how can we create greater security in our daily and professional lives, and what can fundamentally determine our opportunities in the corporate hierarchy? In the following, you can read about my research on the corporate security climate in automotive companies in Hungary.

Associations between Historical Redlining and the Risk of Pregnancy Complications and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Massachusetts, 1995-2015.

Objective: To assess the impact of historical redlining on the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes in Massachusetts (MA) from 1995 to 2015. Methods: In total, 288,787 pregnant people from the MA Birth Registry had information on parental characteristics, pregnancy factors, and redlining data at parental residences at the time of delivery. Historic redlining data were based on MA Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) security maps, with grades assigned (A "best," B "still desirable," C "definitely declining," and D "hazardous"). We used covariate-adjusted binomial regression models to examine associations between HOLC grade and each chronic condition and pregnancy/birth outcome. Results: Living in HOLC grades B through D compared with A was associated with an increased risk of entering pregnancy with chronic conditions and adverse pregnancy/birth outcomes. The strongest associations were seen with pregestational diabetes (adjusted risk ratio [RR] Grade D: 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3, 2.4) and chronic hypertension (adjusted RR Grade D: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9). Conclusions: Historical redlining policies from the 1930s were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and chronic conditions; associations were strongest for chronic conditions in pregnancy.

General Border Committee Malaysia-Indonesia (GBC Malindo) from the Perspective of Comprehensive Border Security Cooperation Model (CBSC Model)

Although GBC Malindo is still standing firm since its establishment in 1972 as a security cooperation framework in the management of the Malaysia-Indonesia land border, there are still scholars who question its effectiveness. This doubt is due to the series of security issues at the land border of Malaysia and Indonesia that are still occured. The fact is, GBC Malindo has successfully addressed various issues in border security management. However, it cannot be denied that there are indeed issues and challenges faced from the unavoidable factors. Therefore, in order to verify the effectiveness of GBC Malindo, the analysis will be carried out through the perspective of the Comprehensive Border Security Corporation Model (CBSC Model), based on the evaluation of the six (6) components in the CBSC Model. This model was developed by the researchers based on the writings of four (4) scholars namely Stephen B. Jones (1945), Martin Pratt (2010), Leigh Barrick (2015) and Paul Fawcett et al. (2018) who highlighted the Boundary Making Theory, where this theory has become the basis for the formation of CBSC Model. The analysis results found that all the factors that have affected security cooperation in GBC Malindo have only been successfully addressed with comprehensive border security cooperation through the creation of a legal framework, the establishment of border institutions, government commitment through committed efforts and support, also prospering the border through the exploration of new cooperation, the implementation of economic and social development as well as dealing with security issues through border security cooperation, except in the aspect of security governance where there are still various issues that cannot be resolved and need attention by the government, especially GBC Malindo leaders and secretariat, along with in integrating the community where the level of community involvement in activities planned by Sosek Malindo is still low.

Факторы, влияющие на обеспечение корпоративной безопасности компаний

Corporate security is a comprehensive system of measures designed to protect an organization's assets, data, employees, and reputation from potential threats. This article discusses various factors that can increase an organization's vulnerability to security threats. The independent and combined effects of internal controls, such as training programs and data protection protocols, as well as external threats such as cyber-attacks, physical intrusions and economic espionage, are being investigated. A key aspect of the analysis is the idea of synergy in the field of security. The article argues that a well-coordinated approach combining various security measures into a single whole creates a more effective protection strategy. The analysis of the interdependencies between the various controls highlights the importance of implementing a strategic threat management program that goes beyond individual solutions. By contributing to a comprehensive understanding of vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of synergistic security measures, the article aims to equip organizations with the knowledge and tools to develop and implement effective threat management programs that protect their critical assets and contribute to long-term success.

Building resilience: The role of enterprise security risk management in developing a resilient organisation

Enterprise security risk management (ESRM) has continued to gain global acceptance as a management philosophy for the development and implementation of an enterprise-wide corporate security programme. As organisations continue to rebuild and recover from COVID-19, the value of assessing the resilience of an organisation through regular testing of its response to events has gained prominence. There are opportunities to link the development and implementation of a risk-based approach for designing a security programme, to assessing an organisation’s resilience to future events. Organisations can benefit from the complementary approaches of ESRM and organisational resilience once the commonalities are identified and embraced. This paper expands upon the ESRM management approach, linking the concepts of ESRM to the design of a resilient enterprise.

PROCESS OF UKRAINE'S FINANCIAL SECTOR INSTUTIONALIZATION AND ROLE OF CORPORATE SECURITIES MARKET

This article deals with the characteristics of the institutionalization process of the financial sector in Ukraine and the role of the corporate securities market in it. It is determined that the modern domestic financial sector is characterized by significant institutional imbalances, primarily due to the insufficient effectiveness of state policy in this area. For many years, banks have been the key players in the domestic financial sector, which significantly reduced the level of financial inclusion. The development of non-banking financial institutions has been fragmentary, significantly undermining public trust in the financial sector. In particular, this concerns the activities of credit unions in Ukraine, where the market volumes of private pension provision have been minimal for a long time. Some existing institutional imbalances were overcome through the rapid digitalization of certain segments of the financial market, but the overall level of financial inclusion remains low. The process of institutionalization of the domestic financial market occurred against the background of the weakness of the corporate securities market. The article notes that this situation was a consequence of the lack of interest from joint-stock companies in market methods of capital attraction. Along with this, domestic financial institutions are not interested in investing in corporate securities. Thus, the reluctance of public corporations to place their securities on the market coincides with a peculiar investment strategy of financial institutions. As a result, the volumes of the primary corporate securities market in Ukraine are minimal (especially in the stock market), and government securities dominate the secondary market for a long time. This situation poses a series of threats to Ukraine's economic development and requires appropriate actions from the state aimed at the activation of the corporate securities market. It can now be stated that domestic public corporations are non-competitive in the global financial space, which destructively affects their market positions.

A system dynamics approach for cost-benefit simulation in designing policies to enhance the cybersecurity resilience of small and medium-sized enterprises

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with limited investment capacity are likely to be lax in enhancing their cybersecurity. Therefore, to strengthen cybersecurity at a national level, governments must intervene in the market by using support or regulatory policies to overcome market failures and address weaknesses. This study reviewed the efficiency of policy options to improve corporate cybersecurity resilience for SMEs that require government support, unlike large companies that can invest in security on their own. To achieve this, a causal loop diagram was created and analyzed from the perspective of system dynamics. The model incorporated government support variables and the decline in capabilities over time into the existing corporate security investment model reflecting the standard framework for cybersecurity from NIST. The simulation scenarios were constructed based on policy options considered by the Korean government. These include 1) pre-incident or post incident support services, and 2) management through tax credits and regulation. The results indicated that incentives, specifically tax credits, rather than regulation, were more effective in strengthening cyber resilience. This study describes the investment and internal capability development of a company affected by government policy, which is an external factor, and changes in profits can be observed by adding the company's profits and costs as variables. This profit variable allows for the comparison of a company's cyber resilience across scenarios. Additionally, if the government provides direct support immediately after a hacking incident, the company can recover more quickly. If these benefits are known and if the reporting of hacking damage is activated, cyber threat visibility will be secured by revealing hacking attacks that have been secretly conducted. Governments can use cyber threat visibility to strengthen national cybersecurity.

A two-factor structural model for valuing corporate securities

A two-factor structural model for valuing corporate securities

Human factors in remote work: examining cyber hygiene practices

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cyber hygiene practices of remote workers. Design/methodology/approach This paper used two instruments: first, the Cyber Hygiene Inventory scale, which measures users’ information and computer security behaviors; second, the Recsem Inventory, developed within this paper’s context, to evaluate the cybersecurity measures adopted by organizations for remote workers. It was conducted on remote workers to examine their information security practices. The instrument was administered to a sample of 442 employees reached via the LinkedIn platform. Analyses were performed with SPSS v26, Python programming language and Seaborn library. Findings The findings indicate a significant correlation between the security measures implemented by companies and their employees’ cyber hygiene practices. A sector comparison revealed a significant difference in cyber hygiene levels between public and private sector workers. Research limitations/implications This paper aims to provide policymakers with suggestions for enhancing the cyber hygiene of remote workers to facilitate compliance with corporate security protocols. Originality/value This paper’s conclusions highlight the importance of companies increasing their cybersecurity investments as remote work becomes more prevalent. This should consider not only corporate-level factors but also employees' information and computer security behaviors.

Assessment of airport security culture in Nigeria

The increase in technology and other parameters for security does not guarantee the expected secured airports without the appropriate behaviour, attitude, and customs of stakeholders. This study examines the airport security culture practices in Nigeria. The study adopted the Airports Council International (ACI 2021) survey instrument developed to assess security culture at airports. The instrument was designed as a questionnaire that presents eight dimensions of security culture with twenty-six (26) indicators using a 5-point Likert scale in order of agreement. The questionnaire was administered randomly to airport stakeholders, and a total response of 472 was recorded for data analysis. The data was subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to summarise and reduce the items to a few orthogonal ones representing Nigeria's common airport security culture practices. The study found that three (3) indicators relating to leadership roles do not significantly contribute to the factors serving as common security practices at airports in Nigeria. However, eight (8) common security practices were identified to be significant at airports in Nigeria. Strikingly, the study found that corporate security practices were not significant at Nigeria’s airports. The study highlights the need for airport managers to enhance security culture by adopting security as their corporate culture.

Pengaruh Biaya Bahan Baku, Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung, dan Biaya Overhead Pabrik terhadap Laba Bersih pada PT Duta Persada Teknik

The purpose of this research is to test and analyze the effect of raw material costs, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs on net profit. This research method uses quantitative research methods by paying attention to the type and source of data, namely secondary data obtained from corporate securities reports. The research population and sample are the financial reports of PT. Persada Engineering Ambassador from 2016 to 2022. The analytical methods used are descriptive statistical tests, classical hypothesis tests, multiple linear analysis tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of this research show that raw material costs have a significant effect on net profit, direct labor costs have a significant effect on net profit, and factory overhead costs have a significant effect on net profit.

Collateral eligibility of corporate debt in the Eurosystem

We study the many implications of the Eurosystem collateral framework for corporate bonds. Using data on the evolving collateral eligibility list, we identify the first inclusion dates of bonds and issuers and use these events to find that the increased supply and demand for pledgeable collateral following eligibility (a) increases activity in the corporate securities lending market, (b) lowers eligible bond yields, and (c) affects bond liquidity. Thus, corporate bond lending relaxes the constraint of limited collateral supply and thereby improves market functioning.

A Study On Problems Faced By Corporate Security Investors In Online Share Trading In Chennai City

A Study On Problems Faced By Corporate Security Investors In Online Share Trading In Chennai City

An Empirical Study of A-share Stocks in the New Energy Sector --Based on the Fama-French Three-factor Model and the CAPM Model

In recent years, the new energy industry has been developing rapidly, also, the new energy industry has drawn much consideration in corporate security choices. This paper selects 20 stocks with better performance in the new energy industry, constructs three explanatory variables based on the Fama-French three-factor model and the CAPM model, namely, the market factor, the size factor, and the book-to-market ratio factor, and carries out empirical analyses on the daily returns of the selected stock portfolios. It is concluded that all three explanatory variables have better explanatory power for the sample data, with the market factor having a stronger explanatory power than the rest of the factors, and the Fama-French three-factor model having a better explanatory power than the CAPM model.

Теоретичні засади розвитку суб’єкта підприємництва в умовах невизначеності

The development of entrepreneurship is considered as a component of social development, which is carried out in three directions: evolutionary, involutional, and abrupt acceleration. The necessity of forming a policy of development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine is indicated and its main tasks are allocated, namely: increasing the volume of production and export of products of Ukrainian enterprises, the formation of new enterprises, ensuring the proper level of satisfaction of domestic demand with goods and services; demonopolization of markets for goods and services and establishment of effective competition in the domestic market; increase and diversification of employment; achievement of an effective fiscal return on business development while maintaining favorable conditions for its development. The general goals of entrepreneurship management include the process of forming a strategy for activity and development and adaptation of business processes of enterprise. It is noted that decision-making by entrepreneurs in conditions of uncertainty should be based on the study of its theoretical foundations, where it is considered in several types: when the results of activities are known and it is possible to predict them; when the results are known, but the probability of them cannot be estimated; when the results are not known and it is not possible to estimate the probability of their occurrence. For the purpose of effective management of the business structure, it is expedient to classify uncertainty by the following types: by methods of determining the probability of occurrence of cases and by the object of uncertainty. Among the main tasks of entrepreneurship management, reducing the likelihood of adverse events and avoiding negative consequences and risks, including strategic ones, are allocated, since the development and implementation of strategic management decisions are the basis for ensuring sustainable development of entrepreneurial entities. It is noted that changes in the institutional environment have an impact on the dynamics of uncertainty. In order to improve business conditions, informal and formal institutions must be aligned, which is a transformation of uncertainty. Directions for the development of entrepreneurial structures have been identified, which should coordinate their actions with the State structures to form an institutional environment. Among such areas, the following are highlighted: creation of commodity exchanges and wholesale markets for products of local producers; formation of market infrastructure of scientific and innovative activities; orientation of commercial banks to the real sector; creation of consulting and leasing firms; development of the stock market, including the formation of the corporate securities market; formation of logistics centers.

Цифровий форензік як сучасний інструмент забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємств

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of digital forensics as a modern tool for ensuring the economic security of enterprises. The high values of the number of criminal cases opened due to fraud in recent years, and especially in 2023-2024, indicate the spread of economic threats to enterprises, which becomes especially important in the conditions of the accelerated implementation of digital technologies. The dynamics of the financial results of enterprises in Ukraine indicate the insufficiency of the potential of enterprises to ensure economic security and stable development, and also indicate the need to use more effective measures to protect, prevent, and minimize the impact of threats, which today includes digital forensics. Economic forensics in foreign companies plays an important role in ensuring their economic security and stable functioning as separate business entities. When using forensics, digital tools characteristic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are used, defining it as a high-tech service that not only allows timely detection, prediction and neutralization of various economic risks and crimes, which include financial fraud, corruption, money laundering, but also provides an opportunity to maintain economic transparency in domestic and international interactions of business structures. In Ukraine, the use of forensic practices is insufficient, despite the fact that the Association of Certified Fraud Investigation Specialists has determined that countries with a transformational economy in the business environment are most prone to economic risks, threats, and fraud. The experience of using economic forensics (especially its modern form – digital forensics) in the world allowed to determine the need for its application at domestic enterprises, which will be considered a step towards improving the corporate security culture of Ukrainian business activities, a significant contribution to the fight against economic crimes, as well as a guarantee of economic security the functioning of both individual entrepreneurs and the state economy in general.

Employing E-HRM to attain contemporary organizational excellence at the Jordan social security corporation

This study aims to examine the role of electronic human resource management (E-HRM) in contemporary organizational excellence in Jordan Social Security Corporation (SSC) to understand how SSC organizational excellence was impacted by E-HRM in Jordan. A questionnaire was created and delivered to 100 employees in the institution to complete this study. Out of this distribution, 82 usable questionnaires were retrieved for the purpose of analysis. The findings revealed that there was a significant statistical relationship between all functions of E-HRM and organizational excellence. Moreover, the findings revealed that Jordanian social insurance companies should expand the use of E-HRM to attain organizational excellence in all areas. Discussion, conclusion, and future work are depicted at the end of this study.