Coronavirus Pneumonia Patients Research Articles

Investigating the prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression among patients with COVID-19 with and without concomitant tumor conditions.

e24090 Background: This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia, with and without concurrent tumor, identifying associated factors to offer empirical data and theoretical foundations for enhancing therapeutic strategies and life quality for this demographic. Methods: 74 patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia were randomly selected from the Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Oncology departments of Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital between January 3 and March 18, 2023. Scale scores were employed, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, and Type D Personality Scale. Additionally, routine blood analyses at admission were conducted to compute the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). Anxiety and depression prevalence were compared between groups with and without tumors, and correlations were examined with other scale scores and NLR. Results: Among the 74 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, 14 with tumors exhibited a 64.29% incidence rate for anxiety and depression, while 60 without tumors presented a 33.33% rate, signifying a statistically significant discrepancy (P < 0.05). Notable differences were observed in social support and NLR between groups (P < 0.05), though coping methodologies and Type D personality distributions showed no statistical variance (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Novel coronavirus pneumonia patients with tumors demonstrate a markedly elevated incidence of anxiety and depression, influenced by social support and NLR. Early implementation of psychological and pharmacological interventions could potentially mitigate these conditions, enhancing life quality and clinical outcomes for this population and meriting further investigative exploration.

Chest CT utilization in COVID-19: a dosimetric and diagnostic-quality study.

The purpose of this study is to look at the variations in chest computed tomography (CT) use, radiation dose and image quality in the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia patients in Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective study of 402 patients with COVID-19, who were treated between February and October 2021. Radiation dose was estimated using metrics of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). The imaging performance of the CT scanners was evaluated by measuring different parameters, such as resolution and CT number uniformity, with an ACR-CT accreditation phantom. Expert radiologists assessed the diagnostic quality and occurrence of artefacts. For all of the image quality parameters tested, the majority of the scanner sites (80%) were found to be within the suggested acceptance limits. Ground-glass opacities were the most common finding in our patient sample (54%). On chest CT exams with typical appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia, the most respiratory motion artefacts (56.3%) were present, followed by those with indeterminate appearance (32.2%). There were significant differences in CT utilization, CTDIvol and SSDE across the collaborated sites. The use of CT scans and radiation doses varied in the COVID-19 patients, highlighting the optimizations of CT protocols at participating sites.

Temporal and Spatial Cluster Analysis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Chongqing, 2020.1∼2020.2.

In order to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of COVID-19 in Chongqing from January 22 to February 25, 2010, and provide a series of suggestions for scientific prevention and control of epidemic situation, we will mainly analyze the epidemic situation data of Chongqing Municipal Health Committee members and improve the descriptive analysis. Regional distribution and spatiotemporal scans were analyzed for COVID-19 outbreaks using ArcGIS10.2 and SaTScan9. 5 software. After the analysis, a total of 576 novel coronavirus pneumonia patients were confirmed in Chongqing. The incidence trend increased rapidly from January 22 to January 31, then decreased gradually, and there were no new cases until February 25. The purely spatial scanning results were consistent with spatiotemporal scanning, and a first-level accumulation area was detected by spatiotemporal scanning in the east and northeast of Chongqing from January 22 to February 10. From January 22 to February 25, 2020,COVID-19 occurred in the eastern and northeast regions of Chongqing. It is recommended to strengthen the detection of cluster areas to prevent another outbreak of COVID-19 risk.

Mystery of Shedding Coronavirus in Tears of Patients Affected with COVID-19

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) caused 2019 new coronavirus illness (COVID-19) has spread globally, causing a pandemic. The WHO declared the outbreak a pandemic on January 31, 2020. 2020 has been marked as COVID pandemic year. SARSCoV2 caused a global outbreak of this infectious disease. A number of cases has continued to rise since then. Coronavirus is a highly infectious disease spread mostly by respiratory droplets and direct contact with affected individuals. Viral isolation and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirm the diagnosis. While the pathways of virus transmission are still debated, several investigations have been conducted to identify tear film and conjunctiva as the mode of virus transmission. Multiple case reports have surfaced in which ophthalmic doctors were found to be infected during routine management. From January 26 to February 9, 2020, 30 confirmed novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients were recruited for a prospective interventional case series investigation at Zhejiang University's first affiliated hospital. Tear and conjunctival secretions were collected twice with disposable sample swabs at a 2-to-3 day interval for the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Twenty-one individuals with NCP of the common type and nine patients with NCP of the severe kind were included in the study. The lone patient with conjunctivitis had two samples of tear and conjunctival secretions, both of which generated positive RTPCR results. A total of 58 samples from different patients were found to be negative.

Nutrition intervention in the management of novel coronavirus pneumonia patients.

In this study, we explored the effect of nutrition intervention on the management of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). A total of 28 NCP patients receiving therapy in Ningbo First Hospital (China) were enrolled in this study. The nutrition risk was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)-2002 for the patients subjected to nutrition intervention provided by the Nutritional Department in Ningbo First Hospital, China. Compared to the situation at admission, the body mass index (BMI) and weight of NCP patients were higher at the time of discharge, while no significant difference was observed (P > 0.05). The serum albumin and hemoglobin levels of NCP patients were significantly increased compared with those at admission and one week after admission (P < 0.05). The nutrition intervention can improve the nutritional status and prognosis of NCP patients.

Impact of Gender Difference on Anxiety in COVID-19 Patients in Quarantine Wards.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the gender difference in anxiety in novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients in the quarantine ward during the outbreak.MethodsThe self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used on the seventh day of isolation to analyze the anxiety levels of a total of 242 suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the quarantine wards of two hospitals; 232 of these patients (112 males and 120 females) completed the anxiety scoring. The anxiety scores were compared between male and female patients using the t-test, and a scatter diagram was used for analysis.ResultsThe SAS scores of females in quarantine wards were higher than those of males at seven days of isolation.ConclusionWomen with COVID-19 are more prone to anxiety than men while in isolation. It is necessary to give more attention to female patients in quarantine wards in the future, and psychological counseling may be necessary.

What are the risk factors of hospital length of stay in the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients? A survival analysis in southwest China.

The global epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has resulted in substantial healthcare resource consumption. Since patients' hospital length of stay (LoS) is at stake in the process, an investigation of COVID-19 patients' LoS and its risk factors becomes urgent for a better understanding of regional capabilities to cope with COVID-19 outbreaks. First, we obtained retrospective data of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Sichuan province via National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System (NNDRS) and field surveys, including their demographic, epidemiological, clinical characteristics and LoS. Then we estimated the relationship between LoS and the possibly determinant factors, including demographic characteristics of confirmed patients, individual treatment behavior, local medical resources and hospital grade. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model were applied for single factor and multi-factor survival analysis. From January 16, 2020 to March 4, 2020, 538 human cases of COVID-19 infection were laboratory-confirmed, and were hospitalized for treatment, including 271 (50%) patients aged ≥ 45, 285 (53%) males, and 450 patients (84%) with mild symptoms. The median LoS was 19 (interquartile range (IQR): 14-23, range: 3-41) days. Univariate analysis showed that age and clinical grade were strongly related to LoS (P<0.01). Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that the longer LoS was associated with those aged ≥ 45 (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.91), admission to provincial hospital (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.99), and severe illness (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48-0.90). By contrast, the shorter LoS was linked with residential areas with more than 5.5 healthcare workers per 1,000 population (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.65). Neither gender factor nor time interval from illness onset to diagnosis showed significant impact on LoS. Understanding COVID-19 patients' hospital LoS and its risk factors is critical for governments' efficient allocation of resources in respective regions. In areas with older and more vulnerable population and in want of primary medical resources, early reserving and strengthening of the construction of multi-level medical institutions are strongly suggested to cope with COVID-19 outbreaks.

Correlation Analysis of Positive Therapy Based on High Content Image Analysis Technology on Posttraumatic Nerve Growth in Patients with COVID-19 in the Context of Intelligent Medical Treatment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the incidence of anxiety, depression, and mental disorders in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Methods Novel coronavirus pneumonia patients in Wuhan from 2020 to April were selected for treatment from hospitals and isolation wards from 1 to April. 70 rehabilitated patients were randomly divided into the control group (35 patients) and the observation group (35 patients) who were treated with conventional therapy. Positive therapy and full perfusion therapy were introduced on the basis of conventional therapy, and the related performances of different patients were observed and evaluated. Results The anxiety, depression, and incidence rate of related psychotic patients in the observation group after treatment were significantly reduced. Patients could maintain a good mood, increase their confidence in conquering diseases, and promote their early recovery. Conclusion Active treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia has positive effects on posttraumatic growth of new crown pneumonia patients, relieving anxiety and negative emotions, improving emotional control, eliminating bad emotions, actively guiding patients, and promoting psychological rehabilitation of patients.

Design and engineering application of medical oxygen supply system in novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment hospital

Respiratory supporting, as an important medical treatment for new coronavirus pneumonia patients, must be effectively guaranteed by medical oxygen supply. However, the medical oxygen system designed and configured by the existing hospitals according to the current specifications cannot meet the oxygen needs for patients with new coronavirus pneumonia. This paper aimed to study the design of medical oxygen system in new coronavirus pneumonia emergency hospital. By investigating the oxygen treatment plan for the novel coronavirus pneumonia patients in the health emergency hospital, the oxygen treatment characteristics of different patients were studied. The oxygen characteristics of different respiratory support terminals were explored to study the oxygen demands of new coronavirus pneumonia emergency hospitals. Through calculating flow rates of medical gas system air source referring to ‘technical code for medical gases engineering’, the proportion coefficient of severe patients converted into respiratory distress patients was introduced, and the model of calculating flow rates of medical oxygen system air source in emergency hospital was proposed. The cases were verified in a typical health emergency hospital that the developed calculation flow model of medical oxygen source met the demands of hospital oxygen. The outcomes provide a reference for the design and construction of medical oxygen in such health emergency hospitals.

TREATMENT PROFILES AND RISK FACTORS FOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF CONFIRMED COVID-19 AND PNEUMONIA PATIENTS AT FATMAWATI GENERAL HOSPITAL JAKARTA

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the treatment profiles and the risk factor for clinical outcomes of confirmed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and pneumonia patients at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta. Methods: This research was conducted using a cross-sectional design at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta. A total of 72 adults COVID-19 confirmed patients with pneumonia diagnosis from March to December 2020 were included in our study. Data were collected retrospectively by the patients’ medical record. Results: The percentage of critical or severe confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia inpatients (66.7%) was higher than those who were having non-severe diseases (33.3%). 36 (50%) death were reported in our patient population. Patients received antiviral, antibiotics, and steroids during a treatment period. The most common antibiotic regimens were levofloxacin intravenous (IV) (18.8%) and azithromycin per oral (PO) (13.9%). Oseltamivir (83.3%) was the most frequently prescribed antiviral for the patients. A total of 41.7% of patients used steroids. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the severity of COVID-19 disease was the only predictive factor of death in COVID-19 and pneumonia patients (p&lt;0.001, OR=26.714, 95% confidence intervals: 5.526–129.135). Conclusion: Some drugs (antiviral, antibiotics, and steroids) have been prescribed to the confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia patients. Oseltamivir and levofloxacin were the widely used antiviral and antibiotic agents in this study. The analysis showed that the disease severity was statistically associated with patient’s clinical outcomes. COVID-19 patients with the severe illness have a greater risk of death.

Treatment profiles and risk factors for clinical outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 and pneumonia patients at fatmawati general hospital Jakarta

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the treatment profiles and the risk factor for clinical outcomes of confirmed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and pneumonia patients at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta. Methods: This research was conducted using a cross-sectional design at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta. A total of 72 adults COVID-19 confirmed patients with pneumonia diagnosis from March to December 2020 were included in our study. Data were collected retrospectively by the patients' medical record. Results: The percentage of critical or severe confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia inpatients (66.7%) was higher than those who were having non-severe diseases (33.3%). 36 (50%) death were reported in our patient population. Patients received antiviral, antibiotics, and steroids during a treatment period. The most common antibiotic regimens were levofloxacin intravenous (IV) (18.8%) and azithromycin per oral (PO) (13.9%). Oseltamivir (83.3%) was the most frequently prescribed antiviral for the patients. A total of 41.7% of patients used steroids. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the severity of COVID-19 disease was the only predictive factor of death in COVID-19 and pneumonia patients (p<0.001, OR=26.714, 95% confidence intervals: 5.526-129.135). Conclusion: Some drugs (antiviral, antibiotics, and steroids) have been prescribed to the confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia patients. Oseltamivir and levofloxacin were the widely used antiviral and antibiotic agents in this study. The analysis showed that the disease severity was statistically associated with patient's clinical outcomes. COVID-19 patients with the severe illness have a greater risk of death.

COVID-19 deep classification network based on convolution and deconvolution local enhancement

Computer Tomography (CT) detection can effectively overcome the problems of traditional detection of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as lagging detection results and wrong diagnosis results, which lead to the increase of disease infection rate and prevalence rate. The novel coronavirus pneumonia is a significant difference between the positive and negative patients with asymptomatic infections. To effectively improve the accuracy of doctors' manual judgment of positive and negative COVID-19, this paper proposes a deep classification network model of the novel coronavirus pneumonia based on convolution and deconvolution local enhancement. Through convolution and deconvolution operation, the contrast between the local lesion region and the abdominal cavity of COVID-19 is enhanced. Besides, the middle-level features that can effectively distinguish the image types are obtained. By transforming the novel coronavirus detection problem into the region of interest (ROI) feature classification problem, it can effectively determine whether the feature vector in each feature channel contains the image features of COVID-19. This paper uses an open-source COVID-CT dataset provided by Petuum researchers from the University of California, San Diego, which is collected from 143 novel coronavirus pneumonia patients and the corresponding features are preserved. The complete dataset (including original image and enhanced image) contains 1460 images. Among them, 1022 (70%) and 438 (30%) are used to train and test the performance of the proposed model, respectively. The proposed model verifies the classification precision in different convolution layers and learning rates. Besides, it is compared with most state-of-the-art models. It is found that the proposed algorithm has good classification performance. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and precision are 0.98, 0.96, 0.98, and 0.97, respectively.

Nurses’ uncertainty about medical gloves safety during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundNurses, as the largest group of health professionals, are at the frontline of the healthcare system in response to COVID-19 epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate the nurses’ certainty and satisfaction with medical gloves when exposed to coronavirus in Fars province, south of Iran. MethodsUsing convenience sampling, 400 hospital nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak were selected from eight hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). A questionnaire about glove reliability, including protection in tasks, durability, integrity and tear resistance, feeling fearful, and focusing on duties, and the nurses’ anxiety regarding their infection with coronavirus was distributed to the selected nurses to complete. 375 questionnaires were completed (response rate of 93.75%). Among the participants, 180 (48%) were in the corona section and 195 (52%) were hardly possible to have contact with coronavirus pneumonia patients. ResultsThe mean score (SD) of anxiety about infection with COVID-19 for nurses in the COVID-19 section and those in the non-COVID-19 section were 6.08 (2.8) and 4.56 (2.58), respectively (p<0.05). The mean duration of gloves usage in a day was almost similar in the two groups (about 5h), but the number of glove replacements was significantly higher among the nurses in the corona section (6 times) compared to those in the non-corona section (3 times). The two groups were also significantly different regarding glove protection in daily tasks and glove durability. ConclusionThe nurses in the corona section had more concerns about medical gloves as a type of personal protective equipment. In addition to health education on controlling and preventing the spread of diseases, raising awareness about the reliability of personal protective equipment can improve nurses’ performance.

Progress on the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in inflammatory injury of COVID-19

<p indent="0mm">Novel coronavirus pneumonia is an infectious respiratory disease induced by a novel coronavirus, named COVID-19. At present, novel coronavirus pneumonia is widely spread around the world, with the characteristics of long incubation time, strong contagion, rapid progress, and high fatality rate. Inflammatory storm, also known as cytokine storm, has been found to play an important role in COVID-19 induced lung injury, and is believed to be one of the core pathological factors leading to exacerbation and even death of novel coronavirus pneumonia patients. It is found that over-expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 will lead to self-attack and aggressive inflammatory response, and finally cause tissue damage. Studies have shown that the intervention of inflammatory injury may be one of the important mechanisms that contribute to therapeutic effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine against COVID-19. Clinical studies found that early intervention with Traditional Chinese Medicine in novel coronavirus pneumonia patients could significantly alleviate signs and symptoms, shorten course of the disease, decrease possibility of the patients progressing into severe stage, slow or even block the outbreak of inflammatory storm in the patient’s body, improve cure rate, reduce mortality, relieve sequelae, and promote the recovery of the patients in the recovery period. Through analyzing the representative prescription of <italic>Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Eighth Edition of the Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for COVID-19</italic>, we found the regulation on the inflammatory injury by Traditional Chinese Medicine is realized in a multi-target manner. On the one hand, some Chinese Medicines are exhibited with direct effects against proliferation of the virus; on the other hand, some Chinese Medicines are shown with ability to re-balance the immune system via regulating function of immune cells, decreasing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators. The epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia has not yet ended, and the world is still under the attack of COVID-19 virus. Although previous studies have found that certain ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine, such as astragalin, astragaloside IV, platycodin and wogonin, etc., as well as Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription including Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Huashibaidu Decoction, etc., can control inflammatory injury, their specific mechanism and the material basis still need to be studied in depth. On the other hand, the objective indicator of Traditional Chinese Medicine for patients with different syndromes still needs to be further clarified to facilitate its promotion in clinic. The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and western medicine has been proved to be more effective in inhibiting the development of novel coronavirus pneumonia, but the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the integrative therapy still needs to be further explored. Although there is still a lot of work to be carried out, the advantage of early intervention with Traditional Chinese Medicine against COVID-19 virus has been verified in both clinical and experimental studies. This paper aims to review mechanism and treatment strategy of Chinese Medicine on COVID-19 induced inflammation, and provide references for researchers in related area.

Prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Medical Waste Disposal Institutions in Jiangsu

: The novel coronavirus pneumonia is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It has been widely spread worldwide. At present, the situation of novel coronavirus epidemic prevention and control in China is still bleak. Waste disposal for the novel coronavirus should be standardized, a necessary measure for avoiding the re-spread of novel coronavirus and preventing secondary disasters. The management and disposal of medical waste is increasingly valued worldwide. International organizations represented by WHO are actively providing developing countries with comprehensive medical waste management and disposal systems to protect the health and environmental safety of people in more countries. The current investigation has found that there may be novel coronavirus in the medical waste. If the medical waste generated from the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia patients is not properly disposed of, it is likely to cause the novel pneumonia epidemic to break out again. Effective management of medical waste disposal related to novel coronavirus pneumonia is an essential requirement for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia in medical waste disposal institutions. According to the types and hazards of medical waste and the characteristics of medical waste disposal, specific control measures are put forward for the management of the premises, personnel management, disposal of medical wastes, and emergency management.

Imaging Findings and Changes in Discharged Moderate Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Patients with Positive Nucleic Acid Retest

The clinical and imaging data belonging to 52 discharged novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients with positive nucleic acid retesting results during the follow-up period were collected from the First People’s Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei Province, China, for analysis. These moderate NCP patients underwent a plain CT scan before the admission, at the time of discharge, and at re-admission due to the positive result of their COVID-19 nucleic acid retesting. The CT signs of these patients were analyzed in this study and a total of 32 (61.54%) patients presented with 123 lesions with patchy fuzzy shadows. In addition, 24 (75%) and 8 (25%) patients out of the 32 patients, had lesions distributed in both lungs and single lung, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the CT manifestations varied in discharged moderate NCP patients whose COVID-19 nucleic acid retest was positive in the follow-up period. Most patients presented with patchy fuzzy shadows and ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions distributed in the lower lobe of both lungs. The results of the study indicated that some discharged moderate NCP patients with positive COVID-19 nucleic acid retest developed new patchy fuzzy shadows and GGO lesions. Moreover, the recurrence of NCP needs to be verified once patchy fuzzy shadows and GGO lesions appear and are not absorbed during the follow-up period. This study provided a reference for the follow-up NCP evaluation.

A Clinical Analysis of Extrapulmonary Complications in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Patients.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestation and treatment effects of extrapulmonary complications in cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia.MethodsThe clinical data of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia who were admitted to Hanchuan People’s Hospital between January and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, and treatment pathways of patients with extrapulmonary complications were analyzed and summarized.ResultsOf the 500 patients in this study, 97 patients with a history of chronic diseases were excluded, and 152 patients had extrapulmonary complications. Common extrapulmonary syndromes: 98 patients (64.47%) suffered from digestive system involvement; 43 patients (28.29%) suffered from cardiovascular system damage; 32 patients (21.05%) had urinary system damage; 25 patients (16.45%) had nervous system damage; and 30 patients (19.74%) had more than two kinds of system damage. In all cases, these patients were treated with comprehensive measures, and effective outcomes were achieved.ConclusionAccording to the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of this sample group, early evaluation of patients with extrapulmonary complications and timely symptomatic treatment can effectively improve outcomes of pneumonia treatment, accelerate the alleviation of symptoms, and improve patients’ condition.

Different Methods of COVID-19 Detection

Objective: Explore the performance of different test methods in detecting COVID-19 antibodies and antigens. Methods: Compare the results of different test methods on samples from novel coronavirus pneumonia patients, and randomly select some of the confirmed samples after gradient dilution to detect the sensitivity of the test products. The sample used for rapid detection of COVID-19 antigen was nasal swab. Three kinds of sample used in the detection of novel coronavirus antibodies were venipuncture/ fingerstick whole blood, serum and plasma. Results: The detection rate of covid-19 antibody increased with the increase of the onset time of patients, while the detection rate of antigen decreased gradually, which was in line with the nature of antigen and antibody in the human body. Conclusion: In view of the advantages of antibody and antigen detection, such as convenient and sample collection, high throughput, low workload, high reproducibility and low cost, we hope to lay a scientific foundation for the horizontal comparison of the data of products (Abbott, Roche, Healgen, AllTest, Citest, Siemens, Lepu, Wondfo) obtained in the research and practical application of epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19.

Inflammation and Vascular Injury as the Basis of COVID-19 Skin Changes: Preliminary Analysis of 23 Patients from the Literature.

BackgroundCOVID-19 can affect various organ systems including the skin. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in infected patients are poorly characterized.ObjectiveTo summarize retrospectively the skin features of COVID-19 infection and to analyze the skin rash incidence rate, clinical onset time, cutaneous manifestations, pathological characteristics and relationship with the novel coronavirus pneumonia severity.MethodsThe literature up to Sep 20, 2020, were searched and analyzed. Information on clinical features including skin manifestations, disease severity, stage and onset day, and cutaneous pathological characteristics was extracted. Data were analyzed using descriptive non-parametric statistics. For categorical data, the number and percentage of patients are presented. A Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the associations between rash type, rash onset and severity of COVID-19. All statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS software (version 20) using two-tailed tests. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsTwenty-three cases of COVID-19 patients with cutaneous manifestations from seven reports were collected. Inflammatory dermatosis, skin vasculitis and vascular dermatosis were the main lesion types of COVID-19 patients. Microvascular and endothelial cell injury, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, thrombosis, extremely dilated vessels and prominent deposits of C5b-9 were the main dermatologic pathological changes. The onset day analysis showed that out of 19 patients, 63.2% of cutaneous manifestations were within 10 days, 21.1% in 10–20 days and 15.8% were 20 days after the time the patient presented with COVID-19 main symptoms. Spearman rho analysis found no correlation between skin rash type, onset day and COVID-19 severity.ConclusionCOVID-19 induced skin changes are one of the manifestations of immune responses to the novel coronavirus. Clinical and pathological characteristics were identified as dermal inflammatory reactions and/or skin vascular injury. External or systematic use of anti-inflammatories, protection of blood vessels and circulation-improving medicines should be considered in the skin treatments for novel coronavirus pneumonia patients.

Effects of 4 weeks exercise training on the dysfunction of discharged novel coronavirus pneumonia (COV- ID-19) patients

Objective: To investigate the effects of 4-week exercise training on degree of dyspnea, aerobic capacity, walking function, the strength of upper and lower limbs, psychological function in discharged patients with COVID-19. Method: This study totally recruited 56 participants from Wuhan China resources & WISCO general hospital, in which 25 patients underwent exercise and the rest did not receive any intervention. The intervention group received 4-week exercise training, and the control group performed daily routines normally. The degree of dyspnea, aerobic capacity, walking function, the strength of upper and lower limbs, psychological function of the two groups were compared before intervention, 2 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks after intervention. Result: After 4-week exercise in the intervention group, the results of mMRC, 6MWT, TUG, 30s chair stand test, 30s arm curl test, SAS had significantly difference between the two groups. The scores of SDS in the intervention group significantly decreased after the intervention. Conclusion: 4-week exercise training can improve aerobic capacity, the strength of upper and lower limbs, psychological function in discharged patients with COVID-19. Accordingly, it is worthy of clinical promotion. © 2021, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. All right reserved.